内蒙古鄂温克族自治旗存在的主要牧业气候问题及对策
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摘要
应用内蒙古鄂温克族自治旗气象局1961—2017年气象资料和历史文献资料,采用统计分析和对比分析等方法,分析了影响该旗畜牧业的主要气候问题。结果表明:鄂温克族自治旗春季天气多变,风大、少雨,常有寒潮暴发,影响畜牧业生产;生长季水热匹配差,年际间变化较大,影响牧草产量;近年牧草生长季干旱严重,畜牧业受灾严重;冬季严寒干冷,对牲畜越冬不利;气候变化对畜牧业的影响加剧,草原退化严重,并在该基础上提出了相应的防御对策。
The main climate problems affecting the animal husbandry production in Evenki Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia were investigated with statistical analysis method and comparative analysis method using the meteorological data and the historical literatures from1961 to 2017 collected by Meteorological Bureau of Evenki Autonomous Banner. The results showed that the weather in spring was changeable and characterized by windiness, rainless and cold wave, which affected the animal husbandry production in this region; the poor matching of water and heat in growing season was observed with higher interannual variation, which affected the yield of forage; in recent years, severe drought occurred frequently in the forage growing season,resulting in serious economic losses in animal husbandry production; the weather in winter was characterized by severe coldness and aridness, which was adverse to the overwintering of livestock; the affect of climate changing on animal husbandry production became aggravated, and the grassland degradation was serious in this region. Based on the problems mentioned above, the corresponding countermeasures were put forward.
The main climate problems affecting the animal husbandry production in Evenki Autonomous Banner of Inner Mongolia were investigated with statistical analysis method and comparative analysis method using the meteorological data and the historical literatures from1961 to 2017 collected by Meteorological Bureau of Evenki Autonomous Banner. The results showed that the weather in spring was changeable and characterized by windiness, rainless and cold wave, which affected the animal husbandry production in this region; the poor matching of water and heat in growing season was observed with higher interannual variation, which affected the yield of forage; in recent years, severe drought occurred frequently in the forage growing season,resulting in serious economic losses in animal husbandry production; the weather in winter was characterized by severe coldness and aridness, which was adverse to the overwintering of livestock; the affect of climate changing on animal husbandry production became aggravated, and the grassland degradation was serious in this region. Based on the problems mentioned above, the corresponding countermeasures were put forward.
引文
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[3]鄂温克自治旗志编纂委员会.鄂温克族自治旗志[M].北京:中国城市出版社,1997.
[4]张敬超.刍议干旱对鄂温克旗草原植被影响及对策[J].种子科技,2016(8):9.
[5]王馥棠,赵宗慈,王石立,等.气候变化对农业生态的影响[M].北京:气象出版社,2003.
[6]姜凤友,包春嵘,梁占武,等.鄂温克旗近45年气候变化特征[J].内蒙古气象,2007(6):20-21.
[7]金磊.内蒙古鄂温克族自治旗近35年牧业气候资源变化特征分析[J].畜牧与饲料科学,2017,38(5):75-79.
[8]王希平,赵慧颖,宋庆武,等.内蒙古呼伦贝尔市林牧农业气候资源与区划[M].北京:气象出版社,2006.
[9]陈文芳.中国典型地区地下水位控制管理研究[D].北京:中国地质大学,2010.
[10]乌兰,乌兰巴特尔,李云鹏,等.内蒙古自治区生态与农牧业气象服务体系研究[M].北京:气象出版社,2009.
[11]赵春花,曹致中.退牧还草工程对内蒙古鄂温克旗经济社会效益的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(12):19-23.
[12]韩晶霞,王跃勤,白国平,等.包头市近50年气候变化及对策[J].内蒙古气象,2011(4):7-8.
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