半挂汽车列车高速公路弯道下坡路段运行安全研究
|
摘要
为提升半挂汽车列车在高速公路弯道下坡路段的运行安全,采用TruckSim仿真软件,构建了车辆模型、道路模型和驾驶人动力学仿真模型;基于蒙特卡罗可靠性分析法,分别建立了半挂汽车列车发生侧滑失效、侧翻失效、折叠失效和系统失效的功能函数,并选取设计速度80 km·h~(-1)的高速公路为研究路段,通过进行大量车辆动力学仿真试验,对不同圆曲线半径、纵坡坡度、路面附着系数、车速和车辆总质量对半挂汽车列车的运行安全的影响进行了数值分析。研究结果表明:半挂汽车列车发生侧滑和侧翻的概率随着圆曲线半径的增加而显著降低,在一般最小半径400 m的情况下,半挂汽车列车发生侧滑失效和侧翻失效的概率趋近于0;随着下坡坡度的增加,半挂汽车列车发生侧滑失效和侧翻失效的概率基本呈线性增长趋势;车速对于半挂汽车列车运行安全的影响尤为显著,当车速均值由60 km·h~(-1)增加到90 km·h~(-1)时,发生侧滑失效和侧翻失效的概率分别增加了634倍和336倍;车辆总质量的增加对半挂汽车列车侧翻有显著影响;在路面附着系数较低的条件下,半挂汽车列车的主要事故形态为侧滑和折叠,在路面附着系数较高的情况下,半挂汽车列车的主要事故形态为侧翻。因此,在道路设计中,应避免极限最小半径与陡坡组合,严格限速和限载可确保半挂汽车列车的运行安全性能。
To improve the driving safety of a semitrailer truck on curved downhill sections of a freeway, a dynamics model integrated with vehicle, road, and driver models was established using TruckSim software. Based on the Monte Carlo reliability analysis method, the performance functions of skidding, rollover, jackknifing, and system failures were developed. A freeway with a design speed of 80 km·h~(-1) was selected as the research section. Through extensive vehicle dynamics simulation tests, a numerical analysis that assessed the effects of different horizontal curve radii, longitudinal grades, pavement friction coefficients, speeds, and gross vehicle weights on the lateral stability of a six-axle semitrailer truck was presented. The results demonstrate that the failure probabilities of skidding and rollover decrease considerably with increasing horizontal curve radii. Under the condition of a general minimum horizontal curve radius of 400 m, the failure probabilities of skidding and rollover are approximately 0, and the probabilities of skidding and rollover increase linearly with an increase in the longitudinal grade. Moreover, the effect of speed is particularly marked on the running security system of a semitrailer truck. When the mean speed increases from 60 km·h~(-1) to 90 km·h~(-1), the probabilities of skidding and rollover increase by 634 and 336 times, respectively. The gross vehicle weight also has a considerable effect on the rollover of a semitrailer truck. On low-adhesion roads, the main types of accidents that the semitrailer truck experiences are skidding and jackknifing, whereas on high-adhesion roads, the main accident type is rollover. This indicates that the combined alignments of a limited minimum radius and steep downgrade should be avoided in road design. Finally, strict limits on speed and gross vehicle weight should be adopted to guarantee the safe performance of vehicles.
To improve the driving safety of a semitrailer truck on curved downhill sections of a freeway, a dynamics model integrated with vehicle, road, and driver models was established using TruckSim software. Based on the Monte Carlo reliability analysis method, the performance functions of skidding, rollover, jackknifing, and system failures were developed. A freeway with a design speed of 80 km·h~(-1) was selected as the research section. Through extensive vehicle dynamics simulation tests, a numerical analysis that assessed the effects of different horizontal curve radii, longitudinal grades, pavement friction coefficients, speeds, and gross vehicle weights on the lateral stability of a six-axle semitrailer truck was presented. The results demonstrate that the failure probabilities of skidding and rollover decrease considerably with increasing horizontal curve radii. Under the condition of a general minimum horizontal curve radius of 400 m, the failure probabilities of skidding and rollover are approximately 0, and the probabilities of skidding and rollover increase linearly with an increase in the longitudinal grade. Moreover, the effect of speed is particularly marked on the running security system of a semitrailer truck. When the mean speed increases from 60 km·h~(-1) to 90 km·h~(-1), the probabilities of skidding and rollover increase by 634 and 336 times, respectively. The gross vehicle weight also has a considerable effect on the rollover of a semitrailer truck. On low-adhesion roads, the main types of accidents that the semitrailer truck experiences are skidding and jackknifing, whereas on high-adhesion roads, the main accident type is rollover. This indicates that the combined alignments of a limited minimum radius and steep downgrade should be avoided in road design. Finally, strict limits on speed and gross vehicle weight should be adopted to guarantee the safe performance of vehicles.
引文
[1] 长安大学运输科学研究院.2016中国高速公路运输量统计调查分析报告[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2017. Research Institute of Transportation Science of Chang'an University. Statistics Analysis Report of China's Expressway Freight Volume of 2016 [M]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2017.
[2] 国家安全生产监督管理总局事故查询系统[DB/OL].(2015-01-04)[2016-01-04].http://media.chinasafety.gov.cn:8090/iSystem/shigumain.jsp. Accident Inquiry System of State Administration of Work Safety [DB/OL]. (2015-01-04) [2016-01-04]. http://media.chinasafety.gov.cn:8090/iSystem/shigumain.jsp.
[3] KORDANI A A, MOLAN A M. The Effect of Combined Horizontal Curve and Longitudinal Grade on Side Friction Factors [J]. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2015, 19 (1): 303-310.
[4] WANG X S, WANG T, TARKO A, et al. The Influence of Combined Alignments on Lateral Acceleration on Mountainous Freeways: A Driving Simulator Study [J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2015, 76: 110-117.
[5] FURTADO G. Vehicle Stability on Combined Horizontal and Vertical Alignments [D]. Ottawa: Carleton University, 2002.
[6] EASA S M, DABBOUR E. Design Radius Requirements for Simple Horizontal Curves on Three-dimensional Alignments [J]. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2003, 30 (6): 1022-1033.
[7] TORBIC D, DONNELL E, BRENNAN S, et al. Superelevation Design for Sharp Horizontal Curves on Steep Grades [J]. Transportation Research Record, 2014 (2436): 81-91.
[8] 徐进,邵毅明,杨奎,等.基于人-车-路协同仿真的山区道路大型车辆行驶适应性分析[J].中国公路学报,2015,28(2):14-25. XU Jin, SHAO Yi-ming, YANG Kui, et al. Analysis of Adaptability of Large Vehicles on Mountainous Highways Based on Driver-vehicle-road Collaborative Simulation [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2015, 28 (2): 14-25.
[9] 姜康,张梦雅,陈一锴.山区圆曲线路段半挂汽车列车行驶安全性分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2015,15(3):109-117. JIANG Kang, ZHANG Meng-ya, CHEN Yi-kai. Driving Safety Analysis of Semi-trailer Train at Circular Curve Section in Mountain Area [J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2015,15 (3): 109-117.
[10] 徐敏,黄星,张驰,等.山区急弯路段行车安全性模糊综合评判分析方法[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(6):186-197. XU Min, HUANG Xing, ZHANG Chi, et al. Application of Fuzzy Synthesis Evaluation to Driving Safety Analysis [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2016, 29 (6): 186-197.
[11] 孙璐,游克思.基于多失效模式可靠度的曲线路段行车风险分析[J].中国公路学报,2013,26(4):36-42. SUN Lu, YOU Ke-si. Reliability-based Risk Analysis of Vehicle Moving on Curved Sections Considering Multiple Failure Modes [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2013, 26 (4): 36-42.
[12] ECHAVEGUREN T, BUSTOS M, SOLMINIHAC H D. Assessment of Horizontal Curves of an Existing Road Using Reliability [J]. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2008, 32 (6): 1030-1038.
[13] YOU K S, SUN L. Reliability Analysis of Vehicle Stability on Combined Horizontal and Vertical Alignments: Driving Safety Perspective [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2013, 139 (8): 804-813.
[14] 王雪力.基于可靠度理论的公路线形安全性分析[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2012. WANG Xue-li. Safety Analysis of Highway Alignment Based on Reliability Theory [D]. Huainan: Anhui University of Science and Technology, 2012.
[15] RICHL L, SAYED T. Evaluating the Safety Risk of Narrow Medians Using Reliability Analysis [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2006, 132 (5): 366-375.
[16] SARHAN M, HASSAN Y. Three-dimensional, Probabilistic Highway Design: Sight Distance Application [J]. Transportation Research Record, 2008 (2060): 10-18.
[17] CHEN F, CHEN S. Reliability-based Assessment of Vehicle Safety in Adverse Driving Conditions [J]. Transportation Research Part C, 2011, 19 (1): 156-168.
[18] SHIN J, LEE I. Reliability Analysis and Reliability-based Design Optimization of Roadway Horizontal Curves Using a First-order Reliability Method [J]. Engineering Optimization, 2015, 47 (5): 622-641.
[19] HUSSAIN A, EASA S M. Reliability Analysis of Left-turn Sight Distance at Signalized Intersections [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2015, 142 (3): 1-12.
[20] ESSA M, SAYED T, HUSSEIN M. Multi-mode Reliability-based Design of Horizontal Curves [J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2016, 93: 124-134.
[21] SANTOS-BERBEL C D, ESSA M, SAYED T, et al. Reliability-based Analysis of Sight Distance Modelling for Traffic Safety [J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2017 (1): 1-12.
[22] 吕震宙.结构机构可靠性及可靠性灵敏度分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2009. LV Zhen-zhou. Structural Mechanism Reliability and Reliability Sensitivity Analysis [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2009.
[23] HARWOOD D W. Review of Truck Characteristics as Factors in Roadway Design [R]. Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, 2003.
[24] 交通运输部.超限运输车辆行驶公路管理规定(中华人民共和国交通运输部令2016年第62号)[EB/OL].(2016-08-30)[2016-12-10].http://zizhan.mot.gov.cn/zfxxgk/bnssj/zcfgs/201608/t20160830_2082239.html. Ministry of Transport. Management Regulations of Over-limit Transport Vehicles on Highway (Decree of the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China, No.62 in 2016) [DB/OL]. (2016-08-30) [2016-12-10].http://zizhan.mot.gov.cn/zfxxgk/bnssj/zcfgs/201608/t20160830_2082239.html.
[25] SN?BJ?RNSSON J T, BAKER C J, SIGBJ?RNSSON R. Probabilistic Assessment of Road Vehicle Safety in Windy Environments [J]. Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics, 2007, 95 (9/10/11): 1445-1462.
[2] 国家安全生产监督管理总局事故查询系统[DB/OL].(2015-01-04)[2016-01-04].http://media.chinasafety.gov.cn:8090/iSystem/shigumain.jsp. Accident Inquiry System of State Administration of Work Safety [DB/OL]. (2015-01-04) [2016-01-04]. http://media.chinasafety.gov.cn:8090/iSystem/shigumain.jsp.
[3] KORDANI A A, MOLAN A M. The Effect of Combined Horizontal Curve and Longitudinal Grade on Side Friction Factors [J]. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2015, 19 (1): 303-310.
[4] WANG X S, WANG T, TARKO A, et al. The Influence of Combined Alignments on Lateral Acceleration on Mountainous Freeways: A Driving Simulator Study [J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2015, 76: 110-117.
[5] FURTADO G. Vehicle Stability on Combined Horizontal and Vertical Alignments [D]. Ottawa: Carleton University, 2002.
[6] EASA S M, DABBOUR E. Design Radius Requirements for Simple Horizontal Curves on Three-dimensional Alignments [J]. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2003, 30 (6): 1022-1033.
[7] TORBIC D, DONNELL E, BRENNAN S, et al. Superelevation Design for Sharp Horizontal Curves on Steep Grades [J]. Transportation Research Record, 2014 (2436): 81-91.
[8] 徐进,邵毅明,杨奎,等.基于人-车-路协同仿真的山区道路大型车辆行驶适应性分析[J].中国公路学报,2015,28(2):14-25. XU Jin, SHAO Yi-ming, YANG Kui, et al. Analysis of Adaptability of Large Vehicles on Mountainous Highways Based on Driver-vehicle-road Collaborative Simulation [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2015, 28 (2): 14-25.
[9] 姜康,张梦雅,陈一锴.山区圆曲线路段半挂汽车列车行驶安全性分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2015,15(3):109-117. JIANG Kang, ZHANG Meng-ya, CHEN Yi-kai. Driving Safety Analysis of Semi-trailer Train at Circular Curve Section in Mountain Area [J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, 2015,15 (3): 109-117.
[10] 徐敏,黄星,张驰,等.山区急弯路段行车安全性模糊综合评判分析方法[J].中国公路学报,2016,29(6):186-197. XU Min, HUANG Xing, ZHANG Chi, et al. Application of Fuzzy Synthesis Evaluation to Driving Safety Analysis [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2016, 29 (6): 186-197.
[11] 孙璐,游克思.基于多失效模式可靠度的曲线路段行车风险分析[J].中国公路学报,2013,26(4):36-42. SUN Lu, YOU Ke-si. Reliability-based Risk Analysis of Vehicle Moving on Curved Sections Considering Multiple Failure Modes [J]. China Journal of Highway and Transport, 2013, 26 (4): 36-42.
[12] ECHAVEGUREN T, BUSTOS M, SOLMINIHAC H D. Assessment of Horizontal Curves of an Existing Road Using Reliability [J]. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2008, 32 (6): 1030-1038.
[13] YOU K S, SUN L. Reliability Analysis of Vehicle Stability on Combined Horizontal and Vertical Alignments: Driving Safety Perspective [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2013, 139 (8): 804-813.
[14] 王雪力.基于可靠度理论的公路线形安全性分析[D].淮南:安徽理工大学,2012. WANG Xue-li. Safety Analysis of Highway Alignment Based on Reliability Theory [D]. Huainan: Anhui University of Science and Technology, 2012.
[15] RICHL L, SAYED T. Evaluating the Safety Risk of Narrow Medians Using Reliability Analysis [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2006, 132 (5): 366-375.
[16] SARHAN M, HASSAN Y. Three-dimensional, Probabilistic Highway Design: Sight Distance Application [J]. Transportation Research Record, 2008 (2060): 10-18.
[17] CHEN F, CHEN S. Reliability-based Assessment of Vehicle Safety in Adverse Driving Conditions [J]. Transportation Research Part C, 2011, 19 (1): 156-168.
[18] SHIN J, LEE I. Reliability Analysis and Reliability-based Design Optimization of Roadway Horizontal Curves Using a First-order Reliability Method [J]. Engineering Optimization, 2015, 47 (5): 622-641.
[19] HUSSAIN A, EASA S M. Reliability Analysis of Left-turn Sight Distance at Signalized Intersections [J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 2015, 142 (3): 1-12.
[20] ESSA M, SAYED T, HUSSEIN M. Multi-mode Reliability-based Design of Horizontal Curves [J]. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 2016, 93: 124-134.
[21] SANTOS-BERBEL C D, ESSA M, SAYED T, et al. Reliability-based Analysis of Sight Distance Modelling for Traffic Safety [J]. Journal of Advanced Transportation, 2017 (1): 1-12.
[22] 吕震宙.结构机构可靠性及可靠性灵敏度分析[M].北京:科学出版社,2009. LV Zhen-zhou. Structural Mechanism Reliability and Reliability Sensitivity Analysis [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2009.
[23] HARWOOD D W. Review of Truck Characteristics as Factors in Roadway Design [R]. Washington DC: Transportation Research Board, 2003.
[24] 交通运输部.超限运输车辆行驶公路管理规定(中华人民共和国交通运输部令2016年第62号)[EB/OL].(2016-08-30)[2016-12-10].http://zizhan.mot.gov.cn/zfxxgk/bnssj/zcfgs/201608/t20160830_2082239.html. Ministry of Transport. Management Regulations of Over-limit Transport Vehicles on Highway (Decree of the Ministry of Transport of the People's Republic of China, No.62 in 2016) [DB/OL]. (2016-08-30) [2016-12-10].http://zizhan.mot.gov.cn/zfxxgk/bnssj/zcfgs/201608/t20160830_2082239.html.
[25] SN?BJ?RNSSON J T, BAKER C J, SIGBJ?RNSSON R. Probabilistic Assessment of Road Vehicle Safety in Windy Environments [J]. Journal of Wind Engineering & Industrial Aerodynamics, 2007, 95 (9/10/11): 1445-1462.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |