播种期对两个工业大麻品种生长发育、农艺性状和产量的影响
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摘要
为确定工业大麻的最佳播种期,在黑龙江省大庆市进行播种期(4月25日、5月5日、5月15日、5月25日)和品种(火麻一号、金刀15)二因素随机区组试验。结果表明:播种期改变工业大麻生育时期长短,对其物候期产生影响;火麻一号的原茎产量与分枝高、株高和雌雄比呈极显著正相关,金刀15的原茎产量与生育日数、保苗率和株高呈极显著正相关。火麻一号在5月5日播种时纤维产量最高,金刀15在4月25日播种时纤维产量最高,因此认为火麻一号的最佳播种时期在5月上旬,金刀15的最佳播种时期在4月下旬。株高是影响工业大麻原茎产量的主要农艺性状。
To optimize the sowing date,a field experiment with randomized block design was conducted at Daqing of Heilongjiang Province. The sowing dates were April 25,May 5,May 15 and May25. The two varieties were Huo Ma NO. 1 and Jin Dao NO. 15. Sowing dates should change growth stages and phenophases of industrial hemp. The stem yield of Huo Ma NO. 1 had a significant positive correlation with the branch height,plant height and female-male proportion. The stem yield of Jin Dao NO. 15 had a significant positive correlation with the plant height,growing period and survival rate of seedlings. The fiber yield of Huo Ma NO. 1 sowed on May 5 was the highest among different sowing dates. The fiber yield of Jin Dao NO. 15 sowed on April 25 was the highest among different sowing dates. Therefore,the beginning of May was suitable sowing period for Huo Ma NO. 1 and the end April was suitable sowing period for Jin Dao NO. 15. The plant height was the main agronomic trait that affected the stem yield of industrial hemp.
To optimize the sowing date,a field experiment with randomized block design was conducted at Daqing of Heilongjiang Province. The sowing dates were April 25,May 5,May 15 and May25. The two varieties were Huo Ma NO. 1 and Jin Dao NO. 15. Sowing dates should change growth stages and phenophases of industrial hemp. The stem yield of Huo Ma NO. 1 had a significant positive correlation with the branch height,plant height and female-male proportion. The stem yield of Jin Dao NO. 15 had a significant positive correlation with the plant height,growing period and survival rate of seedlings. The fiber yield of Huo Ma NO. 1 sowed on May 5 was the highest among different sowing dates. The fiber yield of Jin Dao NO. 15 sowed on April 25 was the highest among different sowing dates. Therefore,the beginning of May was suitable sowing period for Huo Ma NO. 1 and the end April was suitable sowing period for Jin Dao NO. 15. The plant height was the main agronomic trait that affected the stem yield of industrial hemp.
引文
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[2]郭鸿彦,许艳萍,郭孟璧,等.早熟工业大麻杂交新品种云麻3号选育[J].中国麻业科学,2014,36(6):270-274.
[3]郭丽,王明泽,车野,等.工业大麻新品种庆大麻1号的选育[J].中国麻业科学,2017,39(2):61-63.
[4]王殿奎.乌克兰大麻遗传育种研究[J].中国麻业,2005,27(5):231-234.
[5]康红梅,赵铭森,孔佳茜,等.工业大麻新品种汾麻3号的选育[J].种子,2017,36(6):114-116.
[6]德坎多尔,俞德浚,蔡希陶,等.农艺植物考源[M].北京:商务印书馆,1936:90-92.
[7]唐慧娟,臧巩固,程超华,等.工业大麻产量和品质性状的对应分析[J].作物杂志,2018(2):52-55.
[8]魏国江,郭梦桥,王晓飞,等.盐渍化土壤汉麻高产,优质,高效栽培技术模式研究[J].中国麻业科学,2017,39(3):136-141.
[9]郝冬梅,龙松华,杨龙,等.工业大麻新品种中大麻1号及高产栽培技术[J].中国种业,2017(11):73-74.
[10]魏国江,潘冬梅,赵越,等.浅析大麻生产中存在的问题及解决途径[J].中国麻业科学,2014,36(6):308-312.
[11]宋宪友,张利国,房郁妍,等.黑龙江省发展大麻的优势与主要栽培技术[J].中国麻业科学,2011,33(1):27-30.
[12]张东旗,高小丽,赵涛,等.不同播期糜子抽穗后干物质积累及转运特性[J].西北农业学报,2016,25(6):849-856.
[13]张林,杨洋,罗友明,等.播期对春大豆种子品质形成及产量的影响[J].作物杂志,2015(2):118-123.
[14]武路广,霍梅俊,刘思奇,等.白羊草干草产量与主要农艺性状的多元回归及通径分析[J].草地学报,2013,21(4):697-701.
[15]康红梅,赵铭森,孔佳茜,等.工业大麻隔离制种技术研究[J].山西农业科学,2014,42(7):708-710.
[16]金铃.大麻品种比较鉴定试验[J].黑龙江农业科学,2009(4):42-43.
[17]王萍,李廷全,闫平,等.近年黑龙江省春旱频繁发生的研究分析[J].自然灾害学报,2005,14(3):95-98.
[18]杨海生.江苏水稻安全生育与产量形成的温光生态特性及其应用的研究[D].扬州:扬州大学,2003.
[19]程小英,袁彬,方宝华.水稻亲本0901和湘早籼32号的光敏感性研究[J].湖南农业科学,2018(4):8-12.
[20]De PMA,Vidmar JJ,Collins JA,et al.Microarray analysis of bast fibre producing tissues of Cannabis sativa identifies transcripts associated with conserved and specialised processes of secondary wall development[J].Functional Plant Biology,2007,34(8):737-749.
[21]黄敬芳,陶维海,陈丽英,等.大麻纤维发育规律的研究[J].农业科学研究,1990(1):1-9.
[22]何嵩山.大麻茎的构造与纤维发育[J].中国麻业,1984(2):30-34.