初中生人际关系与学校适应的关系:多重中介模型检验
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摘要
为探讨亲子关系、师生关系、同伴关系对初中生学校适应的影响大小及作用机制,采用亲子关系问卷、师生关系问卷、同伴关系问卷以及初中生学校适应问卷为研究工具,从济南市两所初中共抽取555名学生进行问卷调查。结果表明:(1)师生关系对初中生学校适应的影响大于亲子关系和同伴关系。(2)亲子关系既能够分别通过师生关系、同伴关系间接影响初中生的学校适应,也能通过师生关系影响同伴关系,进而影响其学校适应。改善亲子关系,建立良好的学校人际关系,能有效促进初中生的学校适应。
This study aims to explore how the parent-child relationship, the teacher-student relationship and the peer relationship affect the adjustment of junior high school students, based on a survey of 555 students from 2 junior high schools in Ji'nan. The results show the following:(1) The teacher-student relationship has a greater effect on the junior high school students' school adjustment than the parent-child relationship and the peer relationship do; and(2) the parent-child relationship can indirectly affect the students' school adjustment through the teacher-student relationship and the peer relationship, and can affect the peer relationship through the teacher-student relationship, thus affecting their school adjustment. The study concludes that improving the parent-child relationship and establishing a good interpersonal relationship at school can help junior high school students promote their school adjustment.
This study aims to explore how the parent-child relationship, the teacher-student relationship and the peer relationship affect the adjustment of junior high school students, based on a survey of 555 students from 2 junior high schools in Ji'nan. The results show the following:(1) The teacher-student relationship has a greater effect on the junior high school students' school adjustment than the parent-child relationship and the peer relationship do; and(2) the parent-child relationship can indirectly affect the students' school adjustment through the teacher-student relationship and the peer relationship, and can affect the peer relationship through the teacher-student relationship, thus affecting their school adjustment. The study concludes that improving the parent-child relationship and establishing a good interpersonal relationship at school can help junior high school students promote their school adjustment.
引文
1 陈君.《大学新生学校适应自评量表》的编制及信度和效度检验.湖北科技学院学报,2006,26(1):94-97
2 Bronfenbrenner U.Ecological Systems Theory.R Vasta Annals of Child Development,1992,(6):187-249
3 Lerner R M.Concepts and theories of human development.London:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,2002
4 Trentacosta C J ,Criss M M ,Shaw D S ,et al.Antecedents and outcomes of joint trajectories of mother-son conflict and warmth during middle childhood and adolescence.Child Development,2011,82(5):1676-1690
5 Bardack S,Herbers J E,Obradovic J.Unique contributions of dynamic versus global measures of parent-child interaction quality in predicting school adjustment.Journal of Family Psychology,2017,31(6):649-659
6 33 黄时华,蔡枫霞,刘佩玲,等.初中生亲子关系和学校适应:情绪调节自我效能感的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(1):171-177
7 Yuan S,Weiser D A,Fischer J L.Self-efficacy,parent—child relationships,and academic performance:A comparison of European American and Asian American college students.Social Psychology of Education,2016,19(2):261-280
8 24 燕良轼,王小凤,李桃,等.中学生人际关系对学习投入的影响机制研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2018,26(1):123-128
9 袁晓娇,方晓义.亲子身份认同代沟与流动儿童孤独感:亲子关系的中介作用.中国特殊教育,2018,(7):85-91
10 赵宝宝,金灿灿,邹泓.青少年亲子关系、消极社会适应和网络成瘾的关系:一个有中介的调节作用.心理发展与教育,2018,34(3):353-360
11 梁丽婵,边玉芳,陈欣银,等.父母冲突的稳定性及对初中生心理健康影响的时间效应:一个追踪研究.心理科学,2015,38(1):27-34
12 Ladd,G W.Friendship patterns and peer status during early and middle childhood.Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics,1988,9(4):229-237
13 刘万伦,沃建中.师生关系与中小学学校适应性的关系.心理发展与教育,2005,(1):87-89
14 Bosman R J,Roorda D L,Veen I V D,et al.Teacher-student relationship quality from kindergarten to sixth grade and students' school adjustment:A person-centered approach.Journal of School Psychology,2018,68:177-194
15 黄彦,谢晓琳,周晖.亲子依恋与儿童问题行为的相关:师生关系的调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2016,24(6):1074-1078
16 Aldrup K,Klusmann U,Lüdtke O,et al.Social support and classroom management are related to secondary students' general school adjustment:A multilevel structural equation model using student and teacher ratings.Journal of Educational Psychology,2018,110(8):1066-1083
17 Birch S H,Ladd G W.The teacher-child relationship and children's early school adjustment.Journal of School Psychology,1997,35(1):61-79
18 Coplan R J,Liu J S,Cao J,et al.Shyness and school adjustment in Chinese children:The roles of teachers and peers.School Psychology Quarterly,2018,32(1):134-142
19 张静,田录梅,张文新.同伴拒绝与早期青少年学业成绩的关系:同伴接纳、友谊支持的调节作用.心理发展与教育,2013,(4):53-60
20 Kamper K E,Ostrov J M.Relational Aggression in middle childhood predicting adolescent social-psychological adjustment:The role of friendship quality.Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology,2013,42(6):855-862
21 25 聂瑞虹,周楠,张宇驰,等.人际关系与高中生内外化问题的关系:自尊的中介及性别的调节作用.心理发展与教育,2017,33(6):708-718
22 Zhang S Y,Baams L,Bongardt D V D,et al.Intra- and inter-individual differences in adolescent depressive mood:The role of relationships with parents and friends.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,2018,46(4):811-824
23 Herres J,Kobak R.The role of parent,teacher,and peer events in maintaining depressive symptoms during early adolescence.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,2015,43(2):325-337
26 39 Bowlby J.Attachment and loss:Vol.2.Separation:Anxiety and anger.New York,NY:Basic Books,1973
27 田菲菲,田录梅.亲子关系、朋友关系影响问题行为的3种模型.心理科学进展,2014,22(6):968-976
28 崔娜.初中生学校适应与自我概念的相关研究.硕士论文.重庆:西南大学,2008
29 邹泓,屈智勇,叶苑.中小学生的师生关系与其学校适应.心理发展与教育,2007,(4):77-82
30 琚晓燕,刘宣文,方晓义.青少年父母、同伴依恋与社会适应性的关系.心理发展与教育,2011,(2):174-180
31 张文新,王美萍,Fuligni A.青少年的自主期望 、对父母权威的态度与亲子冲突和亲合.心理学报,2006,38(6):868-876
32 周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法.心理科学进展,2004,12(6):942-950
34 李勉,张平平,张兴慧,等.初中寄宿生亲子依恋与学校适应的关系:分离-个体化的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(4):718-721
35 曾荣,张冲,邹泓.中学生的学校人际关系特点及其与社会适应的关系.中国特殊教育,2010,(12):72-77
36 王佳宁,于璐,熊韦锐,等.初中生亲子、同伴、师生关系对学业的影响.心理科学,2009,(6):1439-1441
37 Borbely C J,Graber J A,Nichols T,et al.Sixth graders' conflict resolution in role plays with a peer,parent,and teacher.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,2005,34(4):279-291
38 左占伟,王文静.初中生的亲子关系与其同伴关系、师生关系的相关性研究.石家庄学院学报,2009,11(3):86-89
40 柏文娜.初中生学校人际关系对心理适应的影响:领悟社会支持的中介作用.硕士论文.西安:陕西师范大学,2014
2 Bronfenbrenner U.Ecological Systems Theory.R Vasta Annals of Child Development,1992,(6):187-249
3 Lerner R M.Concepts and theories of human development.London:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,2002
4 Trentacosta C J ,Criss M M ,Shaw D S ,et al.Antecedents and outcomes of joint trajectories of mother-son conflict and warmth during middle childhood and adolescence.Child Development,2011,82(5):1676-1690
5 Bardack S,Herbers J E,Obradovic J.Unique contributions of dynamic versus global measures of parent-child interaction quality in predicting school adjustment.Journal of Family Psychology,2017,31(6):649-659
6 33 黄时华,蔡枫霞,刘佩玲,等.初中生亲子关系和学校适应:情绪调节自我效能感的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(1):171-177
7 Yuan S,Weiser D A,Fischer J L.Self-efficacy,parent—child relationships,and academic performance:A comparison of European American and Asian American college students.Social Psychology of Education,2016,19(2):261-280
8 24 燕良轼,王小凤,李桃,等.中学生人际关系对学习投入的影响机制研究.中国临床心理学杂志,2018,26(1):123-128
9 袁晓娇,方晓义.亲子身份认同代沟与流动儿童孤独感:亲子关系的中介作用.中国特殊教育,2018,(7):85-91
10 赵宝宝,金灿灿,邹泓.青少年亲子关系、消极社会适应和网络成瘾的关系:一个有中介的调节作用.心理发展与教育,2018,34(3):353-360
11 梁丽婵,边玉芳,陈欣银,等.父母冲突的稳定性及对初中生心理健康影响的时间效应:一个追踪研究.心理科学,2015,38(1):27-34
12 Ladd,G W.Friendship patterns and peer status during early and middle childhood.Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics,1988,9(4):229-237
13 刘万伦,沃建中.师生关系与中小学学校适应性的关系.心理发展与教育,2005,(1):87-89
14 Bosman R J,Roorda D L,Veen I V D,et al.Teacher-student relationship quality from kindergarten to sixth grade and students' school adjustment:A person-centered approach.Journal of School Psychology,2018,68:177-194
15 黄彦,谢晓琳,周晖.亲子依恋与儿童问题行为的相关:师生关系的调节作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2016,24(6):1074-1078
16 Aldrup K,Klusmann U,Lüdtke O,et al.Social support and classroom management are related to secondary students' general school adjustment:A multilevel structural equation model using student and teacher ratings.Journal of Educational Psychology,2018,110(8):1066-1083
17 Birch S H,Ladd G W.The teacher-child relationship and children's early school adjustment.Journal of School Psychology,1997,35(1):61-79
18 Coplan R J,Liu J S,Cao J,et al.Shyness and school adjustment in Chinese children:The roles of teachers and peers.School Psychology Quarterly,2018,32(1):134-142
19 张静,田录梅,张文新.同伴拒绝与早期青少年学业成绩的关系:同伴接纳、友谊支持的调节作用.心理发展与教育,2013,(4):53-60
20 Kamper K E,Ostrov J M.Relational Aggression in middle childhood predicting adolescent social-psychological adjustment:The role of friendship quality.Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology,2013,42(6):855-862
21 25 聂瑞虹,周楠,张宇驰,等.人际关系与高中生内外化问题的关系:自尊的中介及性别的调节作用.心理发展与教育,2017,33(6):708-718
22 Zhang S Y,Baams L,Bongardt D V D,et al.Intra- and inter-individual differences in adolescent depressive mood:The role of relationships with parents and friends.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,2018,46(4):811-824
23 Herres J,Kobak R.The role of parent,teacher,and peer events in maintaining depressive symptoms during early adolescence.Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology,2015,43(2):325-337
26 39 Bowlby J.Attachment and loss:Vol.2.Separation:Anxiety and anger.New York,NY:Basic Books,1973
27 田菲菲,田录梅.亲子关系、朋友关系影响问题行为的3种模型.心理科学进展,2014,22(6):968-976
28 崔娜.初中生学校适应与自我概念的相关研究.硕士论文.重庆:西南大学,2008
29 邹泓,屈智勇,叶苑.中小学生的师生关系与其学校适应.心理发展与教育,2007,(4):77-82
30 琚晓燕,刘宣文,方晓义.青少年父母、同伴依恋与社会适应性的关系.心理发展与教育,2011,(2):174-180
31 张文新,王美萍,Fuligni A.青少年的自主期望 、对父母权威的态度与亲子冲突和亲合.心理学报,2006,38(6):868-876
32 周浩,龙立荣.共同方法偏差的统计检验与控制方法.心理科学进展,2004,12(6):942-950
34 李勉,张平平,张兴慧,等.初中寄宿生亲子依恋与学校适应的关系:分离-个体化的中介作用.中国临床心理学杂志,2015,23(4):718-721
35 曾荣,张冲,邹泓.中学生的学校人际关系特点及其与社会适应的关系.中国特殊教育,2010,(12):72-77
36 王佳宁,于璐,熊韦锐,等.初中生亲子、同伴、师生关系对学业的影响.心理科学,2009,(6):1439-1441
37 Borbely C J,Graber J A,Nichols T,et al.Sixth graders' conflict resolution in role plays with a peer,parent,and teacher.Journal of Youth and Adolescence,2005,34(4):279-291
38 左占伟,王文静.初中生的亲子关系与其同伴关系、师生关系的相关性研究.石家庄学院学报,2009,11(3):86-89
40 柏文娜.初中生学校人际关系对心理适应的影响:领悟社会支持的中介作用.硕士论文.西安:陕西师范大学,2014