热处理对木材化学组分及物理力学性能的影响
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摘要
从热处理工艺参数对木材的化学组分、密度、尺寸稳定性、颜色及力学性能影响等方面综述木材热处理研究进展。总体来看,热处理方式和时间,以及热处理温度是影响木材微观结构与宏观性能的最重要因子。不同树种的化学组分类别及含量存在一定的差异性,温度对木材化学组分影响大小应该结合树种进行考虑。随着热处理温度升高与时间延长,特别是温度高于200℃时,木材力学强度损失严重;低于200℃时,木材力学性能主要受半纤维素发生热解和水解反应影响。木材低温(≤200℃)热处理技术将是今后研究的方向之一,尤其应重视该温度范围木材半纤维素的量化研究工作。
The research progress in wood heat treatment was reviewed from the effect of heat treatment process parameters on the chemical composition,density,dimensional stability,color and mechanical properties of wood. In general,the heat treatment method,time,and heat treatment temperature are the most important factors affecting the microstructure and macroscopic properties of wood. Different tree species have certain differences in terms of chemical composition types and contents. The influence of temperature on the chemical composition of wood should be considered in combination with tree species. With rise in heat treatment temperature and the extension of time,especially at a temperature above 200 ℃,the mechanical strength loss of wood is serious; at a temperature below 200 ℃,the mechanical properties of wood are mainly affected by pyrolysis and hydrolysis of hemicellulose. Wood low temperature( ≤200 ℃) heat treatment technology will be one of the research directions in future and particular attention should be paid to the quantitative research work of wood hemicellulose in this temperature range.
The research progress in wood heat treatment was reviewed from the effect of heat treatment process parameters on the chemical composition,density,dimensional stability,color and mechanical properties of wood. In general,the heat treatment method,time,and heat treatment temperature are the most important factors affecting the microstructure and macroscopic properties of wood. Different tree species have certain differences in terms of chemical composition types and contents. The influence of temperature on the chemical composition of wood should be considered in combination with tree species. With rise in heat treatment temperature and the extension of time,especially at a temperature above 200 ℃,the mechanical strength loss of wood is serious; at a temperature below 200 ℃,the mechanical properties of wood are mainly affected by pyrolysis and hydrolysis of hemicellulose. Wood low temperature( ≤200 ℃) heat treatment technology will be one of the research directions in future and particular attention should be paid to the quantitative research work of wood hemicellulose in this temperature range.
引文
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[15] RAMIAH M V. Some dilatomeric measurements of the thermal decomposition of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin[J]. Cell Chem Technol,1967(1):277-285.
[16] TJEERDSMA B F,MILITZ H. Chemical changes in hydrothermal treated wood:FTIR analysis of combined hydrothermal and dry heat-treated wood[J]. Holz als roh-und Werkstoff,2005,63(2):102-111.
[17] MITCHELL P H. Irreversible property changes of small loblolly pine specimens heated in air,nitrogen,or oxygen[J]. Wood and Fiber Science,2007,20(3):320-335.
[18] TJEERDSMA B F,BOONSTRA M,PIZZI A,et al. Characterisation of thermally modified wood:molecular reasons for wood performance improvement[J]. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,1998,56(3):149-153.
[19] KAMDEM D P,PIZZI A,TRIBOULOT M C. Heat-treated timber:potentially toxic byproducts presence and extent of wood cell wall degradation[J]. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,2000,58(4):253-257.
[20] KAMDEM D P,PIZZI A,Jermannaud A. Durability of heat-treated wood[J]. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff,2002,60(1):1-6.
[21] SCHEIDING W,KRUSE K,PLASCHKIES K,et al. Thermally Modified Wood for Playground Toys:Investigations on 13 Industrially Manufactured Products[J]. 2005.
[22]阳财喜,阎昊鹏,刘君良.桉树真空热处理材表面性能分析[J].林业科学,2010,46(10):130-134.
[23]李贤军,刘元,高建民,等.高温热处理木材的FTIR和XRD分析[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(S1):104-107.
[24]孙伟伦,李坚.高温热处理落叶松木材尺寸稳定性及结晶度分析表征[J].林业科学,2010,46(12):114-118.
[25]王沈南,王方,黄安民.热处理柚木的红外光谱和二维相关红外光谱分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2016,36(S1):205-207.
[26] LI M Y,CHENG S C,LI D,et al. Structural characterization of steam-heat treated Tectona grandis wood analyzed by FT-IR and2D-IR correlation spectroscopy[J]. Chinese Chemical Letters,2015,26(2):221-225.
[27]ZGEN,DURMAZ S,BOYACI I H,et al. Determination of chemical changes in heat-treated wood using ATR-FTIR and FT Raman spectrometry[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part A:Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy,2017,171:395-400.
[28] REPELLIN V,GUYONNET R. Evaluation of heat-treated wood swelling by differential scanning calorimetry in relation to chemical composition[J]. Holzforschung,2005,59(1):28-34.
[29]成俊卿.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1985.
[30]李延军,唐荣强,鲍滨福,等.高温热处理杉木力学性能与尺寸稳定性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2010,32(4):232-236.
[31]高建民.木材干燥学[M].北京:科学出版社,2008.
[32]周建斌,邓丛静,蒋身学,等.炭化木物理力学性能的研究[J].林产工业,2008(6):28-31+41.
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