石油污染物在滨海盐渍土中的迁移规律
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摘要
土中石油污染物具有不稳定性,随环境改变易向周边发生二次迁移,危及周围土体和水体。本文以滨海地区石油污染盐渍土为研究背景,考虑污染强度、石油污染物在土中的存留时间、土体密度为变量参数,探索即时淋滤和过时淋滤条件下土中石油污染物的二维向迁移规律。研究结果表明:即时淋滤条件下,石油污染物强度越大,其在盐渍土中迁移的越深,最大迁移深度为6 cm。干密度(1. 2～1. 4 g·cm-3)对盐渍土中石油污染物迁移深度的影响较小,但干密度越大,土体对石油污染物的截留能力越强,相同深度处石油污染物的浓度越低。在水平方向,污染强度越大,密度越大,石油污染物在土体中沿半径方向浓度递减幅度越大;过时淋滤条件下,石油污染物在竖直方向的迁移规律与即时条件下相似,但表层盐渍土对石油的截留能力更强,其在盐渍土中迁移的最大深度为4 cm,土体对石油类污染物的最大截留率为99. 98%。在水平方向,污染强度越大,密度越小,石油污染物在土体中沿半径方向浓度递减幅度越大;盐渍土对石油污染物具有一定的吸附性,增大密度有利于提高吸附的稳定性。
Oil contamination in soil is instability and easy to migrate again under the action of environment. It then contaminates surrounding soil and even water. Experiments are undertaken on saline soil in inshore area. Variable parameters of pollution intensity,residual time of oil contamination in soil,and soil density are considered.Migration law of two-dimensional space under immediate filter and outdated filter condition are studied. Results indicate the following feature.(i) In the case of immediate filter condition,the migration depth of oil in saline soil is deeper with the increasing of oil contaminated lever,and the maximum migration depth is 6 cm. Dry density(1. 2 g·cm-3-1. 4 g·cm-3) has little effect on migration depth,but oil entrapment increases as dry density intensifies.The concentration of oil contamination on same depth is lower with the increasing dry density. As to horizontal direction,the concentration distribution of oil contamination decreases steeply with the increasing of oil contaminated lever and soil density.(ii) In the case of outdated filter condition,the migration law of oilcontamination in vertical direction is similar to that of immediate condition,but oil entrapment of soil surface enhances,and the maximum migration depth in saline soil is 4 cm. The maximum oil entrapment rate(0 ～ 2 cm) is99. 98%. In the horizontal direction,the concentration distribution of oil contamination decreases largely with the increasing of oil contaminated lever and the decreasing of soil density. Saline soil has good ability to adsorb oil contamination and can be improved by increasing soil density.
Oil contamination in soil is instability and easy to migrate again under the action of environment. It then contaminates surrounding soil and even water. Experiments are undertaken on saline soil in inshore area. Variable parameters of pollution intensity,residual time of oil contamination in soil,and soil density are considered.Migration law of two-dimensional space under immediate filter and outdated filter condition are studied. Results indicate the following feature.(i) In the case of immediate filter condition,the migration depth of oil in saline soil is deeper with the increasing of oil contaminated lever,and the maximum migration depth is 6 cm. Dry density(1. 2 g·cm-3-1. 4 g·cm-3) has little effect on migration depth,but oil entrapment increases as dry density intensifies.The concentration of oil contamination on same depth is lower with the increasing dry density. As to horizontal direction,the concentration distribution of oil contamination decreases steeply with the increasing of oil contaminated lever and soil density.(ii) In the case of outdated filter condition,the migration law of oilcontamination in vertical direction is similar to that of immediate condition,but oil entrapment of soil surface enhances,and the maximum migration depth in saline soil is 4 cm. The maximum oil entrapment rate(0 ～ 2 cm) is99. 98%. In the horizontal direction,the concentration distribution of oil contamination decreases largely with the increasing of oil contaminated lever and the decreasing of soil density. Saline soil has good ability to adsorb oil contamination and can be improved by increasing soil density.
引文
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Li H W,Bai B,Wang M S,et al.2015.Researches on miscible contaminant transport in unsaturated multi-layered soils[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,48(S1):206-211.
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Li X B.2012.Experimental study on migration of oil contaminants in permafrost regions[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology.
Pone J D N,Hein K A A,Stracher G B,et al.2007.The spontaneous combustion of coal and its by-products in the Witbank and Sasolburg coalfields of South Africa[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,72:124-140.
Singh S K,Srivastava R K,John S.2008.Settlement characteristics of clayey soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons[J].Soil and Sediment Contamination,17(3):290-300.
Su L N,Ma X L,Wu H Y,et al.2016.Progress on migration and transformation of petroleum pollutants in soil and its analytical methods[J].Chemical Reagents,38(11):1071-1076.
Zhang L P,Zhang X C,Sun Q.2009.Effects of SSA soil stabilizer on compaction,shear strength and permeability characteristics of loess[J].Transactions of the CSAE,25(7):45-49.
Zhang X J,Li W,Kang Z J,et al.2009.Environmental behavior of petroleum pollutants in soil[J].Environmental Protection of Oil&Gas Fields,19(3):12-16.
程东幸,刘志伟,柯学.2013.粗颗粒盐渍土溶陷性影响因素研究[J].工程地质学报,21(1):109-114.
程建安.2012.紫外分光法测定土壤中的石油污染物[D].济南:山东大学.
楚伟华.2006.石油污染物在土壤中迁移及转化研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院.
邓韬.2010.石油类污染物在包气带中迁移转化研究[D].西安:长安大学.
高翀.2008.石油类污染物在土壤中的吸附和解吸研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
郭林坪,杨爱武,闫澎旺,等.2016.天津港地区土层剖面随机场特征参数的估计[J].工程地质学报,24(1):130-135.
洪勃,李喜安,陈广东,等.2016.重塑马兰黄土渗透性试验研究[J].工程地质学报,24(2):276-283.
胡继华,宋勇超,杨球玉,等.2015.地应力对低渗透性岩体的渗透率影响分析[J].工程地质学报,23(4):641-645.
黄延林,史红星,任磊.2001.石油类污染物在黄土地区土壤中竖向迁移特性试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,33(2):108-111.
李华伟,白冰,王梦恕,等.2015.可溶性污染物在非饱和成层土中的迁移规律研究[J].土木工程学报,48(S1):206-211.
李龙媛,罗泽娇,彭辉.2014.石油类污染物在黏性土壤中的垂直分布规律[J].安全与环境工程,21(2):57-62.
李兴柏.2012.多年冻土区石油污染物迁移试验研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学.
苏丽娜,马晓利,武海英,等.2016.土壤中石油类污染物迁移转化及分析方法研究进展[J].化学试剂,38(11):1071-1076.
张丽萍,张兴昌,孙强.2009.SSA土壤固化剂对黄土击实、抗剪及渗透特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,25(7):45-49.
张学佳,纪巍,康志军,等.2009.石油类污染物在土壤中的环境行为[J].油气田环境保护,19(3):12-16.
Cheng J A.2012.Ultraviolet spectrophotometry for the determination o petroleum contaminants in soil[D].Jinan:Shandong University.
Chiu H Y,Verpoort F,Liu J K,et al.2017.Using intrinsic bioremediation for petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater cleanup and migration containment:Effectiveness and mechanism evaluation[J]Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,72:53-61.
Chu W H.2006.Study on the migration and transformation of oilcontaminants in the soil[D].Daqing:Daqing Petroleum Institute.
Deng T.2010.Study on the migration and transformation of Oilcontaminants in vadose zone[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University.
Dror I,Gerstl Z,Prost R,et al.2002.Abiotic behavior of entrapped petroleum products in the subsurface during leaching[J]Chemosphere,49(10):1375-1388.
Gao C.2008.Study on the petroleum contamination adsorption and desorption on the soil[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology.
Guo L P,Yang A W,Yan P W,et al.2016.Estimation of random field characteristic parameters of soil layers at Tianjin port[J].Journal o Engineering Geology,24(1):130-135.
Hong B,Li X A,Chen G D,et al.2016.Experimental study o permeability of remolded malan loess[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,24(2):276-283.
Hu J H,Song Y C,Yang Q Y,et al.2015.Effects of geo-stresses to permeability rate of low permeable rock at different depths[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,23(4):641-645.
Huang Y L,Shi H X,Ren L,et al.2001.An experimental study on transferring process of petroleum pollutants in solls of loess plateau[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,33(2):108-111.
Li H W,Bai B,Wang M S,et al.2015.Researches on miscible contaminant transport in unsaturated multi-layered soils[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,48(S1):206-211.
Li L Y,Luo Z J,Peng H.2014.Research on the vertical distribution of petroleum pollutants in clayed soil[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,21(2):57-62.
Li X B.2012.Experimental study on migration of oil contaminants in permafrost regions[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University of Technology.
Pone J D N,Hein K A A,Stracher G B,et al.2007.The spontaneous combustion of coal and its by-products in the Witbank and Sasolburg coalfields of South Africa[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,72:124-140.
Singh S K,Srivastava R K,John S.2008.Settlement characteristics of clayey soils contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons[J].Soil and Sediment Contamination,17(3):290-300.
Su L N,Ma X L,Wu H Y,et al.2016.Progress on migration and transformation of petroleum pollutants in soil and its analytical methods[J].Chemical Reagents,38(11):1071-1076.
Zhang L P,Zhang X C,Sun Q.2009.Effects of SSA soil stabilizer on compaction,shear strength and permeability characteristics of loess[J].Transactions of the CSAE,25(7):45-49.
Zhang X J,Li W,Kang Z J,et al.2009.Environmental behavior of petroleum pollutants in soil[J].Environmental Protection of Oil&Gas Fields,19(3):12-16.
程东幸,刘志伟,柯学.2013.粗颗粒盐渍土溶陷性影响因素研究[J].工程地质学报,21(1):109-114.
程建安.2012.紫外分光法测定土壤中的石油污染物[D].济南:山东大学.
楚伟华.2006.石油污染物在土壤中迁移及转化研究[D].大庆:大庆石油学院.
邓韬.2010.石油类污染物在包气带中迁移转化研究[D].西安:长安大学.
高翀.2008.石油类污染物在土壤中的吸附和解吸研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
郭林坪,杨爱武,闫澎旺,等.2016.天津港地区土层剖面随机场特征参数的估计[J].工程地质学报,24(1):130-135.
洪勃,李喜安,陈广东,等.2016.重塑马兰黄土渗透性试验研究[J].工程地质学报,24(2):276-283.
胡继华,宋勇超,杨球玉,等.2015.地应力对低渗透性岩体的渗透率影响分析[J].工程地质学报,23(4):641-645.
黄延林,史红星,任磊.2001.石油类污染物在黄土地区土壤中竖向迁移特性试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报,33(2):108-111.
李华伟,白冰,王梦恕,等.2015.可溶性污染物在非饱和成层土中的迁移规律研究[J].土木工程学报,48(S1):206-211.
李龙媛,罗泽娇,彭辉.2014.石油类污染物在黏性土壤中的垂直分布规律[J].安全与环境工程,21(2):57-62.
李兴柏.2012.多年冻土区石油污染物迁移试验研究[D].兰州:兰州理工大学.
苏丽娜,马晓利,武海英,等.2016.土壤中石油类污染物迁移转化及分析方法研究进展[J].化学试剂,38(11):1071-1076.
张丽萍,张兴昌,孙强.2009.SSA土壤固化剂对黄土击实、抗剪及渗透特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,25(7):45-49.
张学佳,纪巍,康志军,等.2009.石油类污染物在土壤中的环境行为[J].油气田环境保护,19(3):12-16.