不同饲粮能量结构对后备母猪初情日龄、血清代谢产物和激素浓度的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在探讨不同饲粮能量结构对后备母猪初情日龄、血清代谢产物和激素浓度的影响。选用90头体况相近、平均体重为(61.97±4.37) kg的长白×大白杂交后备母猪,根据体重相近的原则均衡分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复6头。3组母猪饲喂3种不同能量结构的等能等氮饲粮,其中组1饲粮含有49. 70%淀粉、2. 81%粗脂肪(EE)和8. 95%中性洗涤纤维(NDF),组2饲粮含有43.52%淀粉、5.68%EE和12.53%NDF,组3饲粮含有37.13%淀粉、8.73%EE和16.02%NDF。预饲5 d后开始试验,在猪群第1个个体出现发情后的1个月结束试验,试验期68 d。结果表明:随着饲粮淀粉水平的降低和EE、NDF水平的增加,后备母猪背膘厚呈下降趋势,但组间差异不显著(P>0.05);初情日龄以组1最小,但3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);发情率组1和组2比组3均提高10百分点,但组间差异不显著(P> 0.05)。不同饲粮能量结构对后备母猪血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和葡萄糖(GLU)浓度无显著影响(P>0.05)。血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)、瘦素(Leptin)、促黄体素(LH)浓度组1显著高于组3(P<0.05),血清促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)浓度组1显著高于组2和组3(P<0.05)。血清胰岛素(INS)、雌二醇(E2)和促卵泡素(FSH)浓度各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上可知,过多降低后备母猪饲粮淀粉水平并增加EE、NDF水平,会影响血清中代谢激素IGF-Ⅰ、Leptin和生殖激素GnRH、LH的分泌,不利于初情期启动。
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary energy structures on age of puberty,serum metabolite and hormone concentrations of replacement gilts. Ninety Landrace×Large White replacement gilts with an initial body weight of( 61.97±4.37) kg and similar body condition were allocated to3 groups with 5 replicates per group and 6 gilts per replicate. Gilts in the 3 groups were fed three different energy structure diets of iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous. The diet of group 1 contained 49. 70% starch,2.81%ether extract( EE) and 8.95% neutral detergent fiber( NDF),the diet of group 2 contained 43.52% starch,5.68% EE and 12.53% NDF,and the diet of group 3 contained 37.13% starch,8.73% EE and 16.02% NDF.The results showed that with the decrease of starch and the increase of EE and NDF in diets,backfat thickness of gilts had trended down,but the difference was not significant among groups( P>0.05); the age of puberty in group 1 was the least,but the difference was not significant among groups( P > 0. 05); the estrus ratio in groups 1 and 2 was 10 percentage points higher than that in group 3,but the difference was not significant among groups( P>0.05). The serum triglyceride,total cholesterol and glucose concentrations were not significantly affected by different dietary energy structures( P>0.05). The serum insulin growth factor-Ⅰ,leptin and luteinizing hormone concentrations in group 1 were significantly higher than those in group 3( P < 0.05),and the serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone concentration in group 1 was significantly higher than that in groups2 and 3( P < 0. 05). There were no significant differences in serum insulin,estradiol and follicle-stimulating concentrations among groups( P>0.05). The results indicate that excessively decreasing the starch level and increasing the levels of EE and NDF in diets have effects on the secretion of serum metabolic hormones insulin growth factor-Ⅰ,leptin and serum reproductive hormone luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone,and go against the onset of puberty of gilts.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) :2891-2897]
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary energy structures on age of puberty,serum metabolite and hormone concentrations of replacement gilts. Ninety Landrace×Large White replacement gilts with an initial body weight of( 61.97±4.37) kg and similar body condition were allocated to3 groups with 5 replicates per group and 6 gilts per replicate. Gilts in the 3 groups were fed three different energy structure diets of iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenous. The diet of group 1 contained 49. 70% starch,2.81%ether extract( EE) and 8.95% neutral detergent fiber( NDF),the diet of group 2 contained 43.52% starch,5.68% EE and 12.53% NDF,and the diet of group 3 contained 37.13% starch,8.73% EE and 16.02% NDF.The results showed that with the decrease of starch and the increase of EE and NDF in diets,backfat thickness of gilts had trended down,but the difference was not significant among groups( P>0.05); the age of puberty in group 1 was the least,but the difference was not significant among groups( P > 0. 05); the estrus ratio in groups 1 and 2 was 10 percentage points higher than that in group 3,but the difference was not significant among groups( P>0.05). The serum triglyceride,total cholesterol and glucose concentrations were not significantly affected by different dietary energy structures( P>0.05). The serum insulin growth factor-Ⅰ,leptin and luteinizing hormone concentrations in group 1 were significantly higher than those in group 3( P < 0.05),and the serum gonadotropin-releasing hormone concentration in group 1 was significantly higher than that in groups2 and 3( P < 0. 05). There were no significant differences in serum insulin,estradiol and follicle-stimulating concentrations among groups( P>0.05). The results indicate that excessively decreasing the starch level and increasing the levels of EE and NDF in diets have effects on the secretion of serum metabolic hormones insulin growth factor-Ⅰ,leptin and serum reproductive hormone luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone,and go against the onset of puberty of gilts.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) :2891-2897]
引文
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[3]宋琼莉,邹志恒,陈国良.影响后备母猪初情期的因素[J].江西畜牧兽医杂志,2002(4):18-19.
[4]周平.不同能量水平和来源对后备母猪体成分、初情日龄和发情率的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[5]周东胜,吴德,卓勇,等.能量水平和来源对后备母猪血液代谢产物、激素分泌及卵泡液成分的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,40(5):683-690.
[6]PATTERSON J L,BALL R O,WILLIS H J,et al.The effect of lean grow th rate on puberty attainment in gilts[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(5):1299-1310.
[7]VEUM T L,CRENSHAW J D,CRENSHAW T D,et al.The addition of ground w heat straw as a fiber source in the gestation diet of sow s and the effect on sow and litter performance for three successive parities[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(3):1003-1012.
[8]冯冬冬.日粮纤维水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[9]NRC.Nutrient requirements of swine[S].10th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1998.
[10]MOORE R J,KORNEGAY E T,GRAYSON R L.Grow th,nutrient utilization and intestinal morphology of pigs fed high-fiber diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,1988,66(6):1570-1579.
[11]张金枝.日粮能量结构对母猪繁殖和泌乳性能的影响研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2009.
[12]周虚,于淼瑛,刘立文,等.能量对初情期前母猪卵巢LHR和FSHR mRNA表达的影响(英文)[J].中国兽医学报,2009,29(1):97-105.
[13]STERNING M,RYDHMER L,ELIASSON-SELLINGL.Relationships betw een age at puberty and interval from w eaning to estrus and betw een estrus signs at puberty and after the first w eaning in pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1998,76(2):353-359.
[14]HE D Q,FUNABASHI T,SANO A,et al.Effects of glucose and related substrates on the recovery of the electrical activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator w hich is decreased by insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the estrogen-primed ovariectomized rat[J].Brain Research,1999,820(1/2):71-76.
[15]WISEMAN J.Variations in starch digestibility in nonruminants[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2006,130(1/2):66-77.
[16]于长宁,李艳娇,张柏林,等.不同供能物质组成饲粮对育肥猪养分表观消化率、血清生化指标和激素水平的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):902-909.
[17]FERGUSON E M,ASHWORTH C J,EDWARDS SA.Effect of different nutritional regimens before ovulation on plasma concentrations of metabolic and reproductive hormones and oocyte maturation in gilts[J].Reproduction,2003,126(1):61-71.
[18]QUESNEL H,MEUNIER-SALAN M C,HAMARDA,et al.Dietary fiber for pregnant sow s:influence on sow physiology and performance during lactation[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(2):532-543.
[19]LONGO K M,SUN Y H,GORE A C.Insulin-like grow th factor-Ⅰeffects on gonadotropin-releasing hormone biosynthesis in GT1-7 cells[J].Endocrinology,1998,139(3):1125-1132.
[20]GAMBA M,PRALONG F P.Control of GnRH neuronal activity by metabolic factors:the role of leptin and insulin[J].M olecular and Cellular Endocrinology,2006,254-255:133-139.
[21]周虚,董伟.北京黑猪性成熟过程中外周血清促黄体素浓度变化[J].兽医大学学报,1993,13(3):261-264.
[2]张守全.如何通过影响母猪的初情期来提高繁殖性能[J].中国猪业,2013(8):65-66.
[3]宋琼莉,邹志恒,陈国良.影响后备母猪初情期的因素[J].江西畜牧兽医杂志,2002(4):18-19.
[4]周平.不同能量水平和来源对后备母猪体成分、初情日龄和发情率的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[5]周东胜,吴德,卓勇,等.能量水平和来源对后备母猪血液代谢产物、激素分泌及卵泡液成分的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2009,40(5):683-690.
[6]PATTERSON J L,BALL R O,WILLIS H J,et al.The effect of lean grow th rate on puberty attainment in gilts[J].Journal of Animal Science,2002,80(5):1299-1310.
[7]VEUM T L,CRENSHAW J D,CRENSHAW T D,et al.The addition of ground w heat straw as a fiber source in the gestation diet of sow s and the effect on sow and litter performance for three successive parities[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(3):1003-1012.
[8]冯冬冬.日粮纤维水平对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2010.
[9]NRC.Nutrient requirements of swine[S].10th ed.Washington,D.C.:National Academy Press,1998.
[10]MOORE R J,KORNEGAY E T,GRAYSON R L.Grow th,nutrient utilization and intestinal morphology of pigs fed high-fiber diets[J].Journal of Animal Science,1988,66(6):1570-1579.
[11]张金枝.日粮能量结构对母猪繁殖和泌乳性能的影响研究[D].博士学位论文.杭州:浙江大学,2009.
[12]周虚,于淼瑛,刘立文,等.能量对初情期前母猪卵巢LHR和FSHR mRNA表达的影响(英文)[J].中国兽医学报,2009,29(1):97-105.
[13]STERNING M,RYDHMER L,ELIASSON-SELLINGL.Relationships betw een age at puberty and interval from w eaning to estrus and betw een estrus signs at puberty and after the first w eaning in pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science,1998,76(2):353-359.
[14]HE D Q,FUNABASHI T,SANO A,et al.Effects of glucose and related substrates on the recovery of the electrical activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator w hich is decreased by insulin-induced hypoglycemia in the estrogen-primed ovariectomized rat[J].Brain Research,1999,820(1/2):71-76.
[15]WISEMAN J.Variations in starch digestibility in nonruminants[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2006,130(1/2):66-77.
[16]于长宁,李艳娇,张柏林,等.不同供能物质组成饲粮对育肥猪养分表观消化率、血清生化指标和激素水平的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):902-909.
[17]FERGUSON E M,ASHWORTH C J,EDWARDS SA.Effect of different nutritional regimens before ovulation on plasma concentrations of metabolic and reproductive hormones and oocyte maturation in gilts[J].Reproduction,2003,126(1):61-71.
[18]QUESNEL H,MEUNIER-SALAN M C,HAMARDA,et al.Dietary fiber for pregnant sow s:influence on sow physiology and performance during lactation[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(2):532-543.
[19]LONGO K M,SUN Y H,GORE A C.Insulin-like grow th factor-Ⅰeffects on gonadotropin-releasing hormone biosynthesis in GT1-7 cells[J].Endocrinology,1998,139(3):1125-1132.
[20]GAMBA M,PRALONG F P.Control of GnRH neuronal activity by metabolic factors:the role of leptin and insulin[J].M olecular and Cellular Endocrinology,2006,254-255:133-139.
[21]周虚,董伟.北京黑猪性成熟过程中外周血清促黄体素浓度变化[J].兽医大学学报,1993,13(3):261-264.