地铁再生制动系统仿真及节能优化研究
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摘要
将列车简化为受控电流源,建立逆变回馈式牵引供电系统模型,在Simulink软件中将该模型串联建立地铁列车全线系统模型,以计算各牵引变电所的电压变化曲线及列车通过再生制动逆变回馈的能量。以地铁列车全线对向开行时供电臂和走行轨等效电阻的损耗功率最小作为优化目标,对牵引变电所设置策略进行优化;为延长相邻列车牵引和制动的总重叠时间,采用引力搜索算法对列车运行图进行优化。以某在建地铁为例,为减少电网能耗和提高再生能量的利用,仿真研究牵引变电所的优化设置和列车运行图的优化调整。结果表明:牵引变电所位置应尽量均布设置;采用引力搜索算法优化列车运行图,可最大化相邻列车牵引和制动的叠加时间,改善节能效率。
The model of the inverter-feedback type traction power supply system was established by simplifying a train into a controlled current source. By using Simulink software, a full-line system model of the subway train in series was built, the voltage variation curve of each traction substation as well as the energy via the regenerative braking inverter feedback was calculated. With the optimization target of minimizing the power loss of the equivalent resistance of power supply arm and the running rail when full line subway trains running in opposite directions, the setting strategy of traction substations was optimized. In order to prolong the total overlap time of the traction and braking of adjacent trains, train working diagram was optimized by gravitational search algorithm. Taking a subway under construction as an example, in order to reduce the energy consumption of power grid and improve the utilization of regenerative energy, the optimized setting of traction substations and the optimized adjustment of train working diagram were studied by simulation. It is found that the locations of traction substations should be set as evenly as possible. By using the gravitational search algorithm to optimize train working diagram, the overlap time of the traction and braking of adjacent trains can be maximized and the energy saving efficiency can be improved at the same time.
The model of the inverter-feedback type traction power supply system was established by simplifying a train into a controlled current source. By using Simulink software, a full-line system model of the subway train in series was built, the voltage variation curve of each traction substation as well as the energy via the regenerative braking inverter feedback was calculated. With the optimization target of minimizing the power loss of the equivalent resistance of power supply arm and the running rail when full line subway trains running in opposite directions, the setting strategy of traction substations was optimized. In order to prolong the total overlap time of the traction and braking of adjacent trains, train working diagram was optimized by gravitational search algorithm. Taking a subway under construction as an example, in order to reduce the energy consumption of power grid and improve the utilization of regenerative energy, the optimized setting of traction substations and the optimized adjustment of train working diagram were studied by simulation. It is found that the locations of traction substations should be set as evenly as possible. By using the gravitational search algorithm to optimize train working diagram, the overlap time of the traction and braking of adjacent trains can be maximized and the energy saving efficiency can be improved at the same time.
引文
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[2] 荀径,唐涛,宋晓美,等.再生制动条件下的城轨列车节能驾驶综合模型[J].中国铁道科学,2015,36(1):104-110.(XUN Jing,TANG Tao,SONG Xiaomei,et al.Comprehensive Model for Energy-Saving Train Operation of Urban Mass Transit under Regenerative Brake[J].China Railway Science,2015,36(1):104-110.in Chinese)
[3] 霍长龙.城市轨道交通逆变型再生制动能量利用装置容量的分析与计算[J].自动化技术与应用,2016,35(9):75-78.(HUO Changlong.Inverter Type of Regenerative Braking Energy Utilization Device of Urban Rail Transit Capacity Analysis and Calculation[J].Techniques of Automation and Applications,2016,35(9):75-78.in Chinese)
[4] 王青元,冯晓云,朱金陵,等.考虑再生制动能量利用的高速列车节能最优控制仿真研究[J].中国铁道科学,2015,36(1):96-103.(WANG Qingyuan,FENG Xiaoyun,ZHU Jinling,et al.Simulation Study on Optimal Energy-Efficient Control of High Speed Train Considering Regenerative Brake Energy[J].China Railway Science,2015,36(1):96-103.in Chinese)
[5] LIU J,GUO H,YU Y.Research on the Cooperative Train Control Strategy to Reduce Energy Consumption[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2017,18(5):1134-1142.
[6] SUN Xubin,LU Hong,DONG Hairong.Energy-Efficient Train Control by Multi-Train Dynamic Cooperation[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2017,18(11):3114-3121.
[7] 王斌,胡海涛,高仕斌,等.考虑再生制动时高速铁路牵引网潮流计算与分析[J].中国铁道科学,2014,35(1):86-93.(WANG Bin,HU Haitao,GAO Shibin,et al.Power Flow Calculation and Analysis for High-Speed Railway Traction Network under Regenerative Braking[J].China Railway Science,2014,35(1):86-93.in Chinese)
[8] GUPTA Shuvomoy Das,PAVEL Lacra,Tobin J Kevin.An Optimization Model to Utilize Regenerative Braking Energy in a Railway Network[C]//2015 American Control Coference(ACC).Chicago:IEEE,2015:5919-5924.
[9] TORRE A J,AGUADO J A,et al.Optimal Sizing of Energy Storage for Regenerative Braking in Electric Railway Systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2015,30(3):1492-1500.
[10] YIN J,CHEN D,ZHAO W,et al.Online Adjusting Subway Timetable by Q-Learning to Save Energy Consumption in Uncertain Passenger Demand[C]//IEEE,International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems.Chicago:IEEE,2014:2743-2748.
[11] SU S,LI X,TANG T,et al.A Subway Train Timetable Optimization Approach Based on Energy-Efficient Operation Strategy[J].IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2013,14(2):883-893.
[12] 赵宇刚,毛保华,蒋玉琨.基于列车运行时间偏离的地铁列车运行图缓冲时间研究[J].中国铁道科学,2011,32(1):118-121.(ZHAO Yugang,MAO Baohua,JIANG Yukun.Study on the Buffer Time of Metro Train Diagram Based on Train Running Time Deviation[J].China Railway Science,2011,32(1):118-121.in Chinese)
[13] HAO Feng.Train Regulation of URT Based on Max-Plus Algebraic Theory[C]//Proceedings of the Inaugural World Transport Convention.Beijing:China Association for Science and Technology,2017:1-12.
[14] 罗培,杨维民,张敏.高铁再生制动工况下公用电网负序电流优化[J].中国铁道学,2018,39(6):126-132.(LUO Pei,YANG Weimin,ZHANG Min.Optimization of Negative Sequence Current in Public Power Grid under Regenerative Braking Condition of High Speed Railway[J].China Railway Science,2018,39(6):126-132.in Chinese)
[15] 陈哲明,曾京,关庆华.高速列车再生制动防滑控制及仿真研究[J].中国铁道科学,2010,31(1):93-98.(CHEN Zheming,ZENG Jing,GUAN Qinghua.Simulation Research on the Anti-Skid Control under the Regenerative Braking of High-Speed Train[J].China Railway Science,2010,31(1):93-98.in Chinese)
[16] 王青元,冯晓云.列车准点节能运行的控制工况最优切换研究[J].中国铁道科学,2016,37(2):91-98.(WANG Qingyuan,FENG Xiaoyun.Optimal Switching for Control Conditions of Punctual and Energy Efficient Operation of Train[J].China Railway Science,2016,37(2):91-98.in Chinese)