CO_2浓度升高条件下不同程度豌豆蚜危害对紫花苜蓿叶片营养物质和次生代谢物质的影响
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摘要
由于人类大量开采使用石油、煤炭、天然气等化石燃料,使大气CO_2浓度升高,这不但加速全球变暖,还将影响地球上动植物的生存和分布,从而对整个生态系统产生深远影响。为探明CO_2浓度升高与豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)虫口密度对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)叶片内化学物质的影响,明确CO_2浓度升高和蚜虫密度在紫花苜蓿生理生化中的作用,试验在CO_2光照培养箱内设置380μL·L~(-1)(对照)、550μL·L~(-1)和750μL·L~(-1) 3个CO_2浓度培育苜蓿幼苗并接入10日龄成蚜10头·株~(-1)、20头·株~(-1)、30头·株~(-1),并以0头·株~(-1)作为空白对照,1周后测定植物体内营养物质和次生代谢物质含量。结果表明,随CO_2浓度升高,蚜虫密度为30头·株~(-1)时紫花苜蓿可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖以及淀粉含量均上升,在750μL·L~(-1 )CO_2浓度下分别比CK上升11.62倍、0.49倍和0.24倍;黄酮、总酚和简单酚含量也显著上升。随蚜虫危害程度加重,同一CO_2浓度下紫花苜蓿淀粉、简单酚含量先上升后下降,高CO_2浓度蚜虫密度为30头·株~(-1)时比0头·株~(-1)时可溶性糖、总酚以及单宁含量上升1.66倍、1.49 mg·g~(-1)和1.09 mg·g~(-1),差异均显著(P<0.05)。说明具有固氮作用的豆科植物更易于适应CO_2浓度升高的变化,从而在受到刺吸胁迫后增强自身诱导抗虫性以抵御害虫为害。
Due to massive exploitation and use of fossil fuel such as petroleum,coal and natural gas,atmospheric CO_2 concentration has been increasing,which not only accelerated global warming,but also affected the survival and distribution of animals and plants on the earth with far-reaching impacts on the ecosystem.This research was carried out to explore the effects of elevated CO_2 concentration and pest population density of Acyrthosiphon pisum on chemical substances in the leaves of Medicago sativa.The objective was assessed the effects of elevated CO_2 concentration and pea aphid density on the physiology and biochemistry of M.sativa.The nutrients and secondary metabolites in M.sativa leaves were determined by cultivating M.sativa seedlings attacked by 10-day old pea aphids of 10 head·plant~(-1),20 head·plant~(-1),30 head·plant~(-1) and 0 head·plant~(-1)(CK)for one week under three CO_2 concentrations[380μL·L~(-1)(CK),550μL·L~(-1) and 750μL·L~(-1)]in CO_2 gradient chamber.The results indicated that the contents of soluble protein,soluble carbohydrate and starch increased after aphid sucking of 30 head·plant~(-1) with increasing CO_2 concentration.At 750μL·L~(-1)CO_2 concentration,they were respectively 11.62 times,0.49 times and 0.24 times higher than those under CK,respectively.Also the contents of flavone,total polyphenols and simple phenols increased significantly.Furthermore,the contents of starch and simple phenols increased and then decreased with increasing degree of damage under the same CO_2 concentration.Comparatively,contents of soluble carbohydrate,total polyphenols and tannin were significant differences between aphid densities of 30 head·plant~(-1) and 0head·plant~(-1),which increased by 1.66 times,1.49 mg·g~(-1) and 1.09 mg·g~(-1)(P<0.05)compared with those of CK under the highest level of CO_2 concentration.The results indicated that nitrogen fixing legume plants were more likely to adapt to increased CO_2 concentration and thereby enhanced self-induced resistance to insect pests.
Due to massive exploitation and use of fossil fuel such as petroleum,coal and natural gas,atmospheric CO_2 concentration has been increasing,which not only accelerated global warming,but also affected the survival and distribution of animals and plants on the earth with far-reaching impacts on the ecosystem.This research was carried out to explore the effects of elevated CO_2 concentration and pest population density of Acyrthosiphon pisum on chemical substances in the leaves of Medicago sativa.The objective was assessed the effects of elevated CO_2 concentration and pea aphid density on the physiology and biochemistry of M.sativa.The nutrients and secondary metabolites in M.sativa leaves were determined by cultivating M.sativa seedlings attacked by 10-day old pea aphids of 10 head·plant~(-1),20 head·plant~(-1),30 head·plant~(-1) and 0 head·plant~(-1)(CK)for one week under three CO_2 concentrations[380μL·L~(-1)(CK),550μL·L~(-1) and 750μL·L~(-1)]in CO_2 gradient chamber.The results indicated that the contents of soluble protein,soluble carbohydrate and starch increased after aphid sucking of 30 head·plant~(-1) with increasing CO_2 concentration.At 750μL·L~(-1)CO_2 concentration,they were respectively 11.62 times,0.49 times and 0.24 times higher than those under CK,respectively.Also the contents of flavone,total polyphenols and simple phenols increased significantly.Furthermore,the contents of starch and simple phenols increased and then decreased with increasing degree of damage under the same CO_2 concentration.Comparatively,contents of soluble carbohydrate,total polyphenols and tannin were significant differences between aphid densities of 30 head·plant~(-1) and 0head·plant~(-1),which increased by 1.66 times,1.49 mg·g~(-1) and 1.09 mg·g~(-1)(P<0.05)compared with those of CK under the highest level of CO_2 concentration.The results indicated that nitrogen fixing legume plants were more likely to adapt to increased CO_2 concentration and thereby enhanced self-induced resistance to insect pests.
引文
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[10]陈法军,戈峰,刘向辉.棉花对大气CO2浓度升高的响应及其对棉蚜种群发生的作用[J].生态学报,2004,24(5):991-996CHEN F J,GE F,LIU X H.Responses of cotton to elevated CO2 and the effects on cotton aphid occurrences[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(5):991-996
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[13]孙倩,张廷伟,吕雨晴,等.CO2浓度升高对红色型豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响[J].昆虫学报,2018,61(8):968-975SUN Q,ZHANG T W,LYU Y Q,et al.Effects of CO2 enrichment on the biological characteristics of the red morph of the pea aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisum(Hemiptera:Aphididae)[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2018,61(8):968-975
[14]刘兴平,戈峰,陈春平,等.我国松树诱导抗虫性研究进展[J].林业科学,2003,39(5):119-128LIU X P,GE F,CHEN C P,et al.Progress in induced resistance of pines[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2003,39(5):119-128
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