纳米Al_2O_3增强金属基复合材料的研究进展
|
摘要
纳米Al_2O_3颗粒具有优异的力学性能,加入金属中可以大幅提高材料的拉伸强度、屈服强度、硬度等常温力学性能及高温性能。在目前的实验室及工业生产中,制备纳米Al_2O_3应用最广泛的是液相法,包括沉淀法、溶胶-凝胶法、水解法、微乳液法等。纳米Al_2O_3增强金属基复合材料可以通过外加法或原位法制备。外加法是在制备复合材料之前单独合成纳米Al_2O_3颗粒,结合粉末冶金、熔铸等方法引入金属基体,但往往容易出现纳米增强体团聚及增强体与基体界面结合不好。适当的加工工艺,如机械合金化、摩擦搅拌工艺,能在一定程度上弥补这些缺点。原位法是使金属Al发生氧化反应,或基体中其他元素的氧化物与金属Al发生铝热反应生成Al_2O_3,再通过热压、挤出等致密化手段来制备纳米Al_2O_3增强金属基复合材料。原位法制备的复合材料往往增强相与基体界面结合更好,且纳米Al_2O_3在基体中分布更均匀、分散。纳米Al_2O_3在金属基复合材料中增强机制主要有两方面,一是Orowan机制,弥散在金属晶粒内部的纳米Al_2O_3颗粒起到阻碍位错通过的作用;二是部分纳米Al_2O_3分布在金属晶界附近,阻止晶界移动,从而阻止晶粒长大。最后展望了纳米Al_2O_3增强金属基复合材料的发展前景,指出显微组织结构的构型设计是进一步提高这类材料综合力学性能的有效途径。
Nano-alumina particles have excellent mechanical properties. When they are incorporated into metals,they can greatly improve the tensile strength,yield strength,hardness at room temperature and high-temperature properties of the matrix metals. At present,the most widely-used preparation method of nano-alumina in laboratory and industry are liquid phase methods,including precipitation method,sol-gel method,hydrolysis method,micro-emulsion method. Metal matrix composites( MMCs) reinforced by nano-alumina can be produced by ex-situ methods or in-situ methods. Ex-situ method is to add as-existing nano-alumina particles into the metal matrix by powder metallurgy or casting. Ex-situ method is prone to generate agglomeration of the nano-particles and the interface adhesion between the reinforcement and the matrix may not be very strong. Appropriate processing techniques,such as mechanical alloying and friction stir processing,can mitigate these shortcomings. In-situ method is to synthesize the nano alumina particles during the process through the chemical reaction between oxygen-containing contents with the aluminum matrix,followed by subsequent densification steps such as hot pressing and hot extrusion. MMCs prepared by in-situ methods tend to have better adhesion between the reinforcement phase and the matrix,and the nano-alumina is more uniformly distributed in the matrix. There are two main enhancement mechanisms of nano-alumina in MMCs,one is the Orowan mechanism,the other is some nano-alumina particles are distributed near grain boundaries,which can prevent grain boundary to move. At last,we provide some outlook on the future development of nano-alumina reinforced MMCs and suggest that careful architecture design on the microstructure of the composites may lead to the attainment of composites with superior mechanical properties.
Nano-alumina particles have excellent mechanical properties. When they are incorporated into metals,they can greatly improve the tensile strength,yield strength,hardness at room temperature and high-temperature properties of the matrix metals. At present,the most widely-used preparation method of nano-alumina in laboratory and industry are liquid phase methods,including precipitation method,sol-gel method,hydrolysis method,micro-emulsion method. Metal matrix composites( MMCs) reinforced by nano-alumina can be produced by ex-situ methods or in-situ methods. Ex-situ method is to add as-existing nano-alumina particles into the metal matrix by powder metallurgy or casting. Ex-situ method is prone to generate agglomeration of the nano-particles and the interface adhesion between the reinforcement and the matrix may not be very strong. Appropriate processing techniques,such as mechanical alloying and friction stir processing,can mitigate these shortcomings. In-situ method is to synthesize the nano alumina particles during the process through the chemical reaction between oxygen-containing contents with the aluminum matrix,followed by subsequent densification steps such as hot pressing and hot extrusion. MMCs prepared by in-situ methods tend to have better adhesion between the reinforcement phase and the matrix,and the nano-alumina is more uniformly distributed in the matrix. There are two main enhancement mechanisms of nano-alumina in MMCs,one is the Orowan mechanism,the other is some nano-alumina particles are distributed near grain boundaries,which can prevent grain boundary to move. At last,we provide some outlook on the future development of nano-alumina reinforced MMCs and suggest that careful architecture design on the microstructure of the composites may lead to the attainment of composites with superior mechanical properties.
引文
[1]郭强,李志强,赵蕾,等.中国材料进展[J],2016,35(9):641-650.GUO Q,LI Z Q,ZHAO L,et al.Materials China[J],2016,35(9):641-650.
[2]张荻,张国定,李志强.中国材料进展[J],2010,29(4):1-7.ZHANG D,ZHANG G D,LI Z Q.Materials China[J],2010,29(4):1-7.
[3]CHAWLA N,CHAWLA K K.Journal of Metals[J],2006,58(11):67-70.
[4]YOSHIDA K,MORIGAMI H.Microelectronics Reliability[J],2004,44(2):303-308.
[5]ALLISON J E,COLE G S.Journal of Metals[J],1993,45(1):19-24.
[6]RAWAL S P.Journal of Metals[J],2001,53(4):14-17.
[7]SONG J,GUO Q,OUYANG Q,et al.Materials Science and Engineering:A[J],2015,644:79-84.
[8]GUO X,GUO Q,LI Z,et al.Scripta Materialia[J],2016,114:56-59.
[9]DENG K K,WU K,WU Y W,et al.Journal of Alloys and Compounds[J],2010,504(2):542-547.
[10]YANG Y,LAN J,LI X.Materials Science and Engineering:A[J],2004,380(1-2):378-383.
[11]YANG B,WANG F,ZHANG J S.Acta Materialia[J],2003,51(17):4977-4989.
[12]WANG H Y,JIANG Q C,LI X L,et al.Scripta Materialia[J],2003,48(9):1349-1354.
[13]LIU W,DUPONT J N.Scripta Materialia[J],2003,48(9):1337-1342.
[14]GU D,MENG G,LI C,et al.Scripta Materialia[J],2012,67(2):185-188.
[15]GUO J,GOUGEON P,CHEN X.Materials Science and Engineering:A[J],2012,553:149-156.
[16]GUO J,GOUGEON P,CHEN X.Composites Part B:Engineering[J],2012,43(5):2400-2408.
[17]KAI X,LI Z,FAN G,et al.Scripta Materialia[J],2013,68(8):555-558.
[18]潘浩,范根莲,谭占秋,等.材料导报[J],2015(01):36-42.PAN H,FAN G L,TAN Z Q,et al.Materials Review[J],2015(01):36-42.
[19]PARK B G,CROSKY A G,HELLIER A K.Journal of Materials Science[J],2001,36(10):2417-2426.
[20]CHAWLA N,SHEN Y L.Advanced Engineering Materials[J],2001,3(6):357-370.
[21]KANG Y C,CHAN L I.Materials Chemistry&Physics[J],2004,85(2):438-443.
[22]SU H,GAO W,FENG Z,et al.Materials&Design[J],2012,36:590-596.
[23]MALLAKPOUR S,KHADEM E.Progress in Polymer Science[J],2015,51:74-93.
[24]AKTAS C,LEE J,MIRO M M,et al.Applied Surface Science[J],2013,278:82-85.
[25]MA J,WU B.Advanced Powder Technology[J],2013,24(1):354-358.
[26]CAVA S,TEBCHERANI S M,SOUZA I A,et al.Materials Chemistry and Physics[J],2007,103(2-3):394-399.
[27]CHOU T C,ADAMSON D,MARDINLY J,et al.Thin Solid Films[J],1991,205(2):131-139.
[28]LI Z,GUO Q,LI Z,et al.Nano Letters[J],2015,15(12):8077-8083.
[29]DIRRAS G.Materials Letters[J],2010,64(10):1163-1165.
[30]BILLARD S,FONDERE J P,BACROIX B,et al.Acta Materialia[J],2006,54(2):411-421.
[31]NIEH T G,LUO P,NELLIS W,et al.Acta Materialia[J],1996,44(9):3781-3788.
[32]CHOU T C,NIEH T G,MCADAMS S D,et al.Scripta Metallurgica Et Materialia[J],1991,25(10):2203-2208.
[33]BLETA R,ALPHONSE P,PIN L,et al.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science[J],2012,367(1):120-128.
[34]WANG W,ZHANG K,YANG Y,et al.Microporous and Mesoporous Materials[J],2014,193:47-53.
[35]AL-BAYER R,ZIHLIF A,LAHLOUH B,et al.Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics[J],2013,24(8):2866-2872.
[36]AKARMAZYAN S S,PANAGIOTOPOULOU P,KAMBOLIS A,et al.Applied Catalysis B Environmental[J],2014,145(1):136-148.
[37]KATHIRVEL P,CHANDRASEKARAN J,MANOHARAN D,et al.Journal of Alloys and Compounds[J],2014,590:341-345.
[38]IANO R,LAZ U I,P CURARIU C.Journal of Materials Science[J],2009,44(4):1016-1023.
[39]ZHANG Z,LEI H.Microelectronic Engineering[J],2008,85(4):714-720.
[40]KASPRZYK-HORDERN B.Advances in Colloid and Interface Science[J],2004,110(1-2):19-48.
[41]YE R,ISHIGAKI T,JUREWICZ J,et al.Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing[J],2004,24(4):555-571.
[42]孙跃军,荀冬雪,刘民.中国材料进展[J],2017,36(06):455-460.SUN Y J,XUN D X,Liu M.Materials China[J],2017,36(06):455-460.
[43]ANANTHAPADMANABHAN P V,THIYAGARAJAN T K,SREEKU-MAR K P,et al.Scripta Materialia[J],2004,50(1):143-147.
[44]路富亮.机械化学合成超细α-Al_2O_3颗粒[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012:24.LU F L.Mechanochemical Synthesis of Ultrafineα-Al_2O_3Particles[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2012:24.
[45]WU J M.Materials Letters[J],2001,48(6):324-330.
[46]LYAMKINA N,CHIGANOVA G,SLABKO V,et al.Inorganic Materials[J],2005,41(8):830-835.
[47]CHIGANOVA G.Inorganic Materials[J],2005,41(5):468-475.
[48]顾峰,沈悦,徐超,等.功能材料[J],2005,6(2):318-320.GU Fe,SHEN Y,XU C,et al.Journal of Functional Materials[J],2005,6(2):318-320.
[49]LI Z,FENG X,YAO H,et al.Journal of Materials Science[J],2004,39(6):2267-2269.
[50]申小清,李中军,要红昌,等.无机化学学报[J],2003,19(6):650-654.SHEN X Q,LI Z J,YAO H C,et al.Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry[J],2003,19(6):650-654.
[51]DU X,ZHAO S,LIU Y,et al.Applied Physics A[J],2014,116(4):1963-1969.
[52]FARAHMANDJOU M,GOLABIYAN N.Transport Phenomena Nano Micro Scales[J],2015,3(2):100-105.
[53]MACEDO M I F,OSAWA C C,BERTRAN C A.Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology[J],2004,30(3):135-140.
[54]YAN T,GUO X,Zhang X,et al.Materials Research Bulletin[J],2016,73:21-28.
[55]常玉芬,沈国良,宁桂玲,等.材料科学与工程学报[J],2004,22(2):172-174.CHANG Y F,SHEN G L,NING G L,et al.Journal of Materials Science and Engineering[J],2004,22(2):172-174.
[56]SCHULMAN J H,HOAR T P.Nature[J],1943,152(3847):102-103.
[57]朴玲钰,刘祥志,毛立娟,等.物理化学学报[J],2009,25(11):2232-2236.PIAO L Y,LIU X Z,MAO L J,et al.Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica[J],2009,25(11):2232-2236.
[58]PATHAK L C,SINGH T B,DAS S,et al.Materials Letters[J],2002,57(2):380-385.
[59]HINKLIN T,TOURY B,GERVAIS C,et al.Chemistry of Materials[J],2004,16(1):21-30.
[60]ZHOU T Q,Chen T,Jiang W H,et al.Advanced Materials Research[J],2015,1104:3-8.
[61]刘祥志,朴玲钰,毛立娟,等.物理化学学报[J],2010,26(4):1171-1176.LIU X Z,PIAO L Y,MAO L J,et al.Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica[J],2010,26(4):1171-1176.
[62]TJONG S C.Advanced Engineering Materials[J],2007,9(8):639-652.
[63]JIA D C.Materials Science&Engineering A[J],2000,289(1):83-90.
[64]TANG F,HAGIWARA M,SCHOENUNG J.Scripta Materialia[J],2005,53(6):619-624.
[65]ALEXANDRESCU R,BORSELLA E,BOTTI S,et al.Journal of Materials Science[J],1997,32(21):5629-5635.
[66]MOBASHERPOUR I,TOFIGH A A,EBRAHIMI M.Materials Chemistry and Physics[J],2013,138(2-3):535-541.
[67]RAZAVI TOUSI S S,YAZDANI RAD R,SALAHI E,et al.Powder Technology[J],2009,192(3):346-351.
[68]PRABHU B,SURYANARAYANA C,AN L,et al.Materials Science and Engineering:A[J],2006,425(1-2):192-200.
[69]TJONG S C,MA Z Y.Materials Science&Engineering R Reports[J],2000,29(3):49-113.
[70]JIANG L,LI Z,FAN G,et al.Scripta Materialia[J],2011,65(5):412-415.
[71]MISHRA R S,MA Z Y,CHARIT I.Materials Science&Engineering A[J],2003,341(1):307-310.
[72]KOCKS U F.Acta Metallurgica[J],1966,14(11):1629-1631.
[73]国秀花,宋克兴,郜建新,等.材料开发与应用[J],2006,21(4):41-46.GUO X H,SONG K X,GAO J X,et al.Development and Application of Materials[J],2006,21(4):41-46.
[74]符学龙,丁红燕,戴起勋,等.机械工程材料[J],2007,31(5):30-32.FU X L,DING H Y,DAI Q X,et al.Materials for Mechanical Engineering[J],2007,31(5):30-32.
[75]YI J,XUEBIN Z,YAJUN Z,et al.Rare Metal Materials and Engineering[J],2013(S2):414-417.
[76]LEE D W,HA G H,KIM B K.Scripta Materialia[J],2001,44(8/9):2137-2140.
[77]LEE D W,KIM B K.Materials Letters[J],2004,58(3/4):378-383.
[78]李美霞,罗骥,郭志猛,等.北京科技大学学报[J],2010,32(2):230-233.LI M X,LUO J,GUO Z M,et al.Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing[J],2010,32(2):230-233.
[79]SONG K,XING J,DONG Q,et al.Materials Science and Engineering:A[J],2004,380(1-2):117-122.
[80]王开东.搅拌摩擦加工制备Al_2O_3、Ti颗粒增强AZ31镁基复合材料及其力学性能[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009:44.WANG K D.Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Processed Mg-AZ31Based Composites with Al_2O_3Particles and Ti Particles[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2009:44.
[81]HASSAN S F,GUPTA M.Materials Science and Technology[J],2004,20(11):1383-1388.
[82]ZHANG Z,CHEN D.Scripta Materialia[J],2006,54(7):1321-1326.
[83]TRAVITZKY N,KUMAR P,SANDHAGE K H,et al.Advanced Engineering Materials[J],2003,5(4):256-259.
[84]TRAVITZKY N,KUMAR P,SANDHAGE K H,et al.Materials Science&Engineering A[J],2003,344(1-2):245-252.
[85]杨眉,刘清才,黄志强,等.煤炭学报[J],2010,35(3):494-497.YANG M,LIU Q C,HUANG Z Q,et al.Journal of China Coal Society[J],2010,35(3):494-497.
[2]张荻,张国定,李志强.中国材料进展[J],2010,29(4):1-7.ZHANG D,ZHANG G D,LI Z Q.Materials China[J],2010,29(4):1-7.
[3]CHAWLA N,CHAWLA K K.Journal of Metals[J],2006,58(11):67-70.
[4]YOSHIDA K,MORIGAMI H.Microelectronics Reliability[J],2004,44(2):303-308.
[5]ALLISON J E,COLE G S.Journal of Metals[J],1993,45(1):19-24.
[6]RAWAL S P.Journal of Metals[J],2001,53(4):14-17.
[7]SONG J,GUO Q,OUYANG Q,et al.Materials Science and Engineering:A[J],2015,644:79-84.
[8]GUO X,GUO Q,LI Z,et al.Scripta Materialia[J],2016,114:56-59.
[9]DENG K K,WU K,WU Y W,et al.Journal of Alloys and Compounds[J],2010,504(2):542-547.
[10]YANG Y,LAN J,LI X.Materials Science and Engineering:A[J],2004,380(1-2):378-383.
[11]YANG B,WANG F,ZHANG J S.Acta Materialia[J],2003,51(17):4977-4989.
[12]WANG H Y,JIANG Q C,LI X L,et al.Scripta Materialia[J],2003,48(9):1349-1354.
[13]LIU W,DUPONT J N.Scripta Materialia[J],2003,48(9):1337-1342.
[14]GU D,MENG G,LI C,et al.Scripta Materialia[J],2012,67(2):185-188.
[15]GUO J,GOUGEON P,CHEN X.Materials Science and Engineering:A[J],2012,553:149-156.
[16]GUO J,GOUGEON P,CHEN X.Composites Part B:Engineering[J],2012,43(5):2400-2408.
[17]KAI X,LI Z,FAN G,et al.Scripta Materialia[J],2013,68(8):555-558.
[18]潘浩,范根莲,谭占秋,等.材料导报[J],2015(01):36-42.PAN H,FAN G L,TAN Z Q,et al.Materials Review[J],2015(01):36-42.
[19]PARK B G,CROSKY A G,HELLIER A K.Journal of Materials Science[J],2001,36(10):2417-2426.
[20]CHAWLA N,SHEN Y L.Advanced Engineering Materials[J],2001,3(6):357-370.
[21]KANG Y C,CHAN L I.Materials Chemistry&Physics[J],2004,85(2):438-443.
[22]SU H,GAO W,FENG Z,et al.Materials&Design[J],2012,36:590-596.
[23]MALLAKPOUR S,KHADEM E.Progress in Polymer Science[J],2015,51:74-93.
[24]AKTAS C,LEE J,MIRO M M,et al.Applied Surface Science[J],2013,278:82-85.
[25]MA J,WU B.Advanced Powder Technology[J],2013,24(1):354-358.
[26]CAVA S,TEBCHERANI S M,SOUZA I A,et al.Materials Chemistry and Physics[J],2007,103(2-3):394-399.
[27]CHOU T C,ADAMSON D,MARDINLY J,et al.Thin Solid Films[J],1991,205(2):131-139.
[28]LI Z,GUO Q,LI Z,et al.Nano Letters[J],2015,15(12):8077-8083.
[29]DIRRAS G.Materials Letters[J],2010,64(10):1163-1165.
[30]BILLARD S,FONDERE J P,BACROIX B,et al.Acta Materialia[J],2006,54(2):411-421.
[31]NIEH T G,LUO P,NELLIS W,et al.Acta Materialia[J],1996,44(9):3781-3788.
[32]CHOU T C,NIEH T G,MCADAMS S D,et al.Scripta Metallurgica Et Materialia[J],1991,25(10):2203-2208.
[33]BLETA R,ALPHONSE P,PIN L,et al.Journal of Colloid and Interface Science[J],2012,367(1):120-128.
[34]WANG W,ZHANG K,YANG Y,et al.Microporous and Mesoporous Materials[J],2014,193:47-53.
[35]AL-BAYER R,ZIHLIF A,LAHLOUH B,et al.Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics[J],2013,24(8):2866-2872.
[36]AKARMAZYAN S S,PANAGIOTOPOULOU P,KAMBOLIS A,et al.Applied Catalysis B Environmental[J],2014,145(1):136-148.
[37]KATHIRVEL P,CHANDRASEKARAN J,MANOHARAN D,et al.Journal of Alloys and Compounds[J],2014,590:341-345.
[38]IANO R,LAZ U I,P CURARIU C.Journal of Materials Science[J],2009,44(4):1016-1023.
[39]ZHANG Z,LEI H.Microelectronic Engineering[J],2008,85(4):714-720.
[40]KASPRZYK-HORDERN B.Advances in Colloid and Interface Science[J],2004,110(1-2):19-48.
[41]YE R,ISHIGAKI T,JUREWICZ J,et al.Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing[J],2004,24(4):555-571.
[42]孙跃军,荀冬雪,刘民.中国材料进展[J],2017,36(06):455-460.SUN Y J,XUN D X,Liu M.Materials China[J],2017,36(06):455-460.
[43]ANANTHAPADMANABHAN P V,THIYAGARAJAN T K,SREEKU-MAR K P,et al.Scripta Materialia[J],2004,50(1):143-147.
[44]路富亮.机械化学合成超细α-Al_2O_3颗粒[D].兰州:兰州大学,2012:24.LU F L.Mechanochemical Synthesis of Ultrafineα-Al_2O_3Particles[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2012:24.
[45]WU J M.Materials Letters[J],2001,48(6):324-330.
[46]LYAMKINA N,CHIGANOVA G,SLABKO V,et al.Inorganic Materials[J],2005,41(8):830-835.
[47]CHIGANOVA G.Inorganic Materials[J],2005,41(5):468-475.
[48]顾峰,沈悦,徐超,等.功能材料[J],2005,6(2):318-320.GU Fe,SHEN Y,XU C,et al.Journal of Functional Materials[J],2005,6(2):318-320.
[49]LI Z,FENG X,YAO H,et al.Journal of Materials Science[J],2004,39(6):2267-2269.
[50]申小清,李中军,要红昌,等.无机化学学报[J],2003,19(6):650-654.SHEN X Q,LI Z J,YAO H C,et al.Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry[J],2003,19(6):650-654.
[51]DU X,ZHAO S,LIU Y,et al.Applied Physics A[J],2014,116(4):1963-1969.
[52]FARAHMANDJOU M,GOLABIYAN N.Transport Phenomena Nano Micro Scales[J],2015,3(2):100-105.
[53]MACEDO M I F,OSAWA C C,BERTRAN C A.Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology[J],2004,30(3):135-140.
[54]YAN T,GUO X,Zhang X,et al.Materials Research Bulletin[J],2016,73:21-28.
[55]常玉芬,沈国良,宁桂玲,等.材料科学与工程学报[J],2004,22(2):172-174.CHANG Y F,SHEN G L,NING G L,et al.Journal of Materials Science and Engineering[J],2004,22(2):172-174.
[56]SCHULMAN J H,HOAR T P.Nature[J],1943,152(3847):102-103.
[57]朴玲钰,刘祥志,毛立娟,等.物理化学学报[J],2009,25(11):2232-2236.PIAO L Y,LIU X Z,MAO L J,et al.Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica[J],2009,25(11):2232-2236.
[58]PATHAK L C,SINGH T B,DAS S,et al.Materials Letters[J],2002,57(2):380-385.
[59]HINKLIN T,TOURY B,GERVAIS C,et al.Chemistry of Materials[J],2004,16(1):21-30.
[60]ZHOU T Q,Chen T,Jiang W H,et al.Advanced Materials Research[J],2015,1104:3-8.
[61]刘祥志,朴玲钰,毛立娟,等.物理化学学报[J],2010,26(4):1171-1176.LIU X Z,PIAO L Y,MAO L J,et al.Acta Physico-Chimica Sinica[J],2010,26(4):1171-1176.
[62]TJONG S C.Advanced Engineering Materials[J],2007,9(8):639-652.
[63]JIA D C.Materials Science&Engineering A[J],2000,289(1):83-90.
[64]TANG F,HAGIWARA M,SCHOENUNG J.Scripta Materialia[J],2005,53(6):619-624.
[65]ALEXANDRESCU R,BORSELLA E,BOTTI S,et al.Journal of Materials Science[J],1997,32(21):5629-5635.
[66]MOBASHERPOUR I,TOFIGH A A,EBRAHIMI M.Materials Chemistry and Physics[J],2013,138(2-3):535-541.
[67]RAZAVI TOUSI S S,YAZDANI RAD R,SALAHI E,et al.Powder Technology[J],2009,192(3):346-351.
[68]PRABHU B,SURYANARAYANA C,AN L,et al.Materials Science and Engineering:A[J],2006,425(1-2):192-200.
[69]TJONG S C,MA Z Y.Materials Science&Engineering R Reports[J],2000,29(3):49-113.
[70]JIANG L,LI Z,FAN G,et al.Scripta Materialia[J],2011,65(5):412-415.
[71]MISHRA R S,MA Z Y,CHARIT I.Materials Science&Engineering A[J],2003,341(1):307-310.
[72]KOCKS U F.Acta Metallurgica[J],1966,14(11):1629-1631.
[73]国秀花,宋克兴,郜建新,等.材料开发与应用[J],2006,21(4):41-46.GUO X H,SONG K X,GAO J X,et al.Development and Application of Materials[J],2006,21(4):41-46.
[74]符学龙,丁红燕,戴起勋,等.机械工程材料[J],2007,31(5):30-32.FU X L,DING H Y,DAI Q X,et al.Materials for Mechanical Engineering[J],2007,31(5):30-32.
[75]YI J,XUEBIN Z,YAJUN Z,et al.Rare Metal Materials and Engineering[J],2013(S2):414-417.
[76]LEE D W,HA G H,KIM B K.Scripta Materialia[J],2001,44(8/9):2137-2140.
[77]LEE D W,KIM B K.Materials Letters[J],2004,58(3/4):378-383.
[78]李美霞,罗骥,郭志猛,等.北京科技大学学报[J],2010,32(2):230-233.LI M X,LUO J,GUO Z M,et al.Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing[J],2010,32(2):230-233.
[79]SONG K,XING J,DONG Q,et al.Materials Science and Engineering:A[J],2004,380(1-2):117-122.
[80]王开东.搅拌摩擦加工制备Al_2O_3、Ti颗粒增强AZ31镁基复合材料及其力学性能[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009:44.WANG K D.Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Processed Mg-AZ31Based Composites with Al_2O_3Particles and Ti Particles[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2009:44.
[81]HASSAN S F,GUPTA M.Materials Science and Technology[J],2004,20(11):1383-1388.
[82]ZHANG Z,CHEN D.Scripta Materialia[J],2006,54(7):1321-1326.
[83]TRAVITZKY N,KUMAR P,SANDHAGE K H,et al.Advanced Engineering Materials[J],2003,5(4):256-259.
[84]TRAVITZKY N,KUMAR P,SANDHAGE K H,et al.Materials Science&Engineering A[J],2003,344(1-2):245-252.
[85]杨眉,刘清才,黄志强,等.煤炭学报[J],2010,35(3):494-497.YANG M,LIU Q C,HUANG Z Q,et al.Journal of China Coal Society[J],2010,35(3):494-497.