面向大数据应用的区块链解决方案综述
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摘要
信息时代背景下,各行各业产生的数据量成倍增加,这些数据具有总量庞大、结构复杂、难于管理等特点。区块链作为一门新的技术,与传统的数据管理方式相比具有去中心化、去信任化和数据加密等优势,能够较好地解决大数据应用中存在的数据管理问题。文章重点介绍了区块链技术在个人数据管理、数字财产保护、物联网通信和医疗数据共享4个大数据场景下的应用情况,讨论了每种大数据应用场景中存在的一些难以解决的问题,并对基于区块链技术解决这些问题的一些新颖方案进行了简要综述,最后指出未来区块链在大数据应用中的重要发展方向。
In the information age,data generated from all walks of life has multiplied.These data have the characteristics of enormous quantity,complicated structure and difficulty to manage.Blockchain,as a new emerging technology,compared with traditional data management methods,owns the advantages of decentralization,trustlessand data encryption.Also,it can solve the data management issues smoothly in big data application.This paper focused on situation of application blockchain technology in four parts of personal data management,digital property protection,IoT communication and medical data sharing.Moreover,some difficult problems in each big data application were discussed and some novel solutions for above problems based on blockchain technology were summarized.Finally,this paper pointed out some important development directions of future blockchain applications in big data field.
In the information age,data generated from all walks of life has multiplied.These data have the characteristics of enormous quantity,complicated structure and difficulty to manage.Blockchain,as a new emerging technology,compared with traditional data management methods,owns the advantages of decentralization,trustlessand data encryption.Also,it can solve the data management issues smoothly in big data application.This paper focused on situation of application blockchain technology in four parts of personal data management,digital property protection,IoT communication and medical data sharing.Moreover,some difficult problems in each big data application were discussed and some novel solutions for above problems based on blockchain technology were summarized.Finally,this paper pointed out some important development directions of future blockchain applications in big data field.
引文
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[2] 武锋.加快大数据发展是大势所趋[J].全球化,2016(4):91-102.
[3] 桑永婷,邓志锋.基于大数据的政府决策发展趋势研究[J].东华大学学报(社会科学),2015,15(4):194-197.
[4] NAKAMOTO S.Bitcoin:A peer-to-peer electronic cash system[M].Consulted,2008:24-26.
[5] 袁勇,王飞跃.区块链技术发展现状与展望 [J].自动化学报,2016(4):481-494.
[6] ANDROULAKI E,MANEVICH Y,MURALIDHARAN S,et al.Hyperledger fabric:a distributed operating system for permissioned blockchains[C]//the Thirteenth EuroSys Confe-rence.2018:1-15.
[7] NIRANJANAMURTHY M,NITHYA B N,JAGANNATHA S.Analysis of Blockchain technology:pros,cons and SWOT[J].Cluster Computing,2018(5):1-15.
[8] ZYSKIND G,NATHAN O,PENTLAND A S.Decentralizing privacy:using blockchain to protect personal data[C]//The IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops(SPW 2015).2015:180-184.
[9] BUTERIN V.A next-generation smart contract and decentra- lized application platform[J].White Paper,2014(9):1-36.
[10] 周丽娜.大数据背景下的网络隐私法律保护:搜索引擎、社交媒体与被遗忘权[J].国际新闻界,2015,37(8):136-153.
[11] LEE R,MAEVE D.Privacy and Information Sharing[J].Pew Research Center,2016,16:47.
[12] ZYSKIND G,NATHAN O,PENTLAND A.Decentralizing Privacy:Using Blockchain to Protect Personal Data[C]//IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops.IEEE Computer Society,2015:180-184.
[13] CHAKRAVORTY A,RONG C.Ushare:user controlled social media based on blockchain[C]//International Conference on Ubiquitous Information Management and Communication.ACM,2017:99.
[14] MCCONAGHY T,HOLTZMAN D.Towards An Ownership Layer for the Internet[J].ascribe GmbH,2015(6):1-32.
[15] DE JONGHE D.SPOOL Protocol[OL].https://github.com/ascribe/spool.
[16] MCCONAGHY T,MARQUES R,MüLLER A,et al.BigchainDB:a scalable blockchain database[J].BigChainDB,2016(2):1-65.
[17] SWAN M.Blockchain:Blueprint for a New Economy[M].O’Reilly Media,Inc.2015.
[18] 孙其博,刘杰,黎羴,等.物联网:概念、架构与关键技术研究综述[J].北京邮电大学学报,2010,33(3):1-9.
[19] Federal Trade Commission.Internet of Things:Privacy & secu- rity in a connected world[J].Washington,DC:Federal Trade Commission,2015(11):1-6.
[20] PURESWARAN V,BRODY P.Device democracy:Saving the future of the Internet of Things[J].IBM Corporation,2015(9):1.
[21] JENTZSCH C.Decentralized autonomous organization to automate governance[Z].White paper,2016:1-31.
[22] DORRI A,KANHERE S S,JURDAK R.Blockchain in internet of things:challenges and solutions[J].arXiv:1608.05187,2016.
[23] 周光华,辛英,张雅洁,等.医疗卫生领域大数据应用探讨[J].中国卫生信息管理杂志,2013(4):296-300.
[24] RANDALL D,GOEL P,ABUJAMRA R.Blockchain applica- tions and use cases in health information technology[J].J.Health.Med.Informat.,2017,8(276):2.
[25] EKBLAW A,AZARIA A,HALAMKA J D,et al.A Case Study for Blockchain in Healthcare:MedRec prototype for electronic health records and medical research data[C]//Proceedings of IEEE Open & Big Data Conference.2016:13.