施磷对宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量、氮磷吸收利用及氮素残留的影响
|
摘要
针对宁夏引黄灌区水稻磷肥施用不合理的问题,确定宁夏引黄灌区水稻生产适宜施磷量,以"节3号"水稻为试验材料,采用单因素随机区组试验设计研究了不同施P_2O_5量(0,75,150,225 kg/hm~2)对水稻产量、土壤矿质氮累积量以及水稻氮、磷吸收与利用效率的影响。结果表明:与不施磷肥相比,施磷肥显著(p<0.05)提高了水稻穗数、每穗粒数和结实率,进而提高了水稻籽粒产量;以施磷150 kg/hm~2处理下水稻籽粒产量最高,最高值为7 593.11 kg/hm~2(增产率为36.12%)。施磷肥显著降低了水稻0—100 cm土层土壤硝态氮和铵态氮的累积,施磷150 kg/hm~2显著提高了各生育期水稻氮素和磷素的吸收量。随着施磷量增加,水稻磷素生产效率和磷素吸收效率显著降低,氮素吸收效率、氮素收获指数和磷素收获指数的最大值出现在施磷150 kg/hm~2处理,而水稻氮素生产效率受施磷量影响不显著。施磷肥显著提高了宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量及氮、磷吸收量和利用效率,施磷量150 kg/hm~2为本地区适宜施肥量。
With respect to the unreasonable application of phosphorus fertilizer in Yellow Irrigation Area of Ningxia, we set up field trials in the irrigation area in order to determine suitable application of phosphorus in rice production in Yellow Irrigation Area of Ningxia. The rice variety ‘Jie No.3' was used as the test material, and a single factor random group test design experiment was conducted to examine the impact of P application rates(0, 75, 150, 225 kg/hm~2) on grain yield, the accumulation of NO~-_3-N and NH~+_4-N, as well as N and P uptake and utilization of rice. The results showed that, compared with the no application of P, all treatments with P application increased the spike number, kernels per spike and seed setting rate of rice, which significantly increased the grain yield of rice. The grain yield under treatment of 150 kg/hm~2 P application rate was higher than that of other P application treatments, which had the highest rice yield of 7 593.11 kg/hm~2, and production increase rate of 36.12%. P fertilization reduced the total accumulation of NO~-_3-N and NH~+_4-N in 0-100 cm soil layers. In addition, P application increased N and P uptake of rice at different growth stages, especially for 150 kg/hm~2 P application treatment. With the P application of 150 kg/hm~2, the N uptake efficiencies and N harvest indices of rice were relatively higher. P application decreased the P grain production efficiencies and P uptake efficiencies, while the maximum of P harvest index was observed at the P application of 150 kg/hm~2. In conclusion, phosphorus fertilizer significantly improved the yield, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency of rice in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia. The suitable phosphorus application was 150 kg/hm~2 in the region.
With respect to the unreasonable application of phosphorus fertilizer in Yellow Irrigation Area of Ningxia, we set up field trials in the irrigation area in order to determine suitable application of phosphorus in rice production in Yellow Irrigation Area of Ningxia. The rice variety ‘Jie No.3' was used as the test material, and a single factor random group test design experiment was conducted to examine the impact of P application rates(0, 75, 150, 225 kg/hm~2) on grain yield, the accumulation of NO~-_3-N and NH~+_4-N, as well as N and P uptake and utilization of rice. The results showed that, compared with the no application of P, all treatments with P application increased the spike number, kernels per spike and seed setting rate of rice, which significantly increased the grain yield of rice. The grain yield under treatment of 150 kg/hm~2 P application rate was higher than that of other P application treatments, which had the highest rice yield of 7 593.11 kg/hm~2, and production increase rate of 36.12%. P fertilization reduced the total accumulation of NO~-_3-N and NH~+_4-N in 0-100 cm soil layers. In addition, P application increased N and P uptake of rice at different growth stages, especially for 150 kg/hm~2 P application treatment. With the P application of 150 kg/hm~2, the N uptake efficiencies and N harvest indices of rice were relatively higher. P application decreased the P grain production efficiencies and P uptake efficiencies, while the maximum of P harvest index was observed at the P application of 150 kg/hm~2. In conclusion, phosphorus fertilizer significantly improved the yield, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and utilization efficiency of rice in the Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia. The suitable phosphorus application was 150 kg/hm~2 in the region.
引文
[1]张爱平,刘汝亮,高霁,等.生物炭对宁夏引黄灌区水稻产量及氮素利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(5):1352-1360.
[2]张亚洁,华晶晶,李亚超,等.种植方式和磷素水平互作对陆稻和水稻产量及磷素利用的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(8):1423-1431.
[3]习斌,翟丽梅,刘申,等.有机无机肥配施对玉米产量及土壤氮磷淋溶的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):326-335.
[4]张晴雯,张惠,易军,等.青铜峡灌区水稻田化肥氮去向研究[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(8):1707-1714.
[5]赵营,同延安,张树兰,等.氮磷钾施用量对灌淤土水稻产量及肥料利用率的影响[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(2):118-121.
[6]高菊生,黄晶,董春华,等.长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤有效养分影响[J].土壤学报,2014(2):314-324.
[7]王伟妮,鲁剑巍,何予卿,等.氮、磷、钾肥对水稻产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(6):645-653.
[8]袁新民,同延安,杨学云,等.施用磷肥对土壤NO2-N累积的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(4):397-403.
[9]张爱平,刘汝亮,李友宏,等.施用磷肥对春小麦产量与吸氮特性及土体中硝态氮累积的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(5):30-34.
[10]李鹏,张敬智,魏亚,等.配方施肥及磷肥后移对单季稻磷素利用效率、产量和经济效益的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(1):85-92.
[11]邢丹,李淑文,夏博,等.磷肥施用对冬小麦产量及土壤氮素利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):437-442.
[12]刘根红,许强,乔娜,等.宁夏自流灌区农作物氮磷低污染种植结构优化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):140-146.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[14]赵浩淳,周志峰,秦子娴,等.施磷处理对中性紫色土土壤硝化作用的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):271-275.
[15]李廷亮,谢英荷,洪坚平,等.施磷水平对晋南旱地冬小麦产量及磷素利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(6):658-665.
[16]区惠平,周柳强,黄美福,等.不同施磷量下稻田土壤磷素平衡及其潜在环境风险评估[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):40-47.
[17]陈波浪,吴海华,罗佳,等.施磷对立架甜瓜干物质累积及磷肥利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):511-518.
[18]王兵,刘文兆,党廷辉,等.黄土高原氮磷肥水平对旱作冬小麦产量与氮素利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(8):101-107.
[19]陈梦楠,高志强,孙敏,等.休闲期耕作配施磷肥对旱地小麦氮素吸收与转运的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(11):1569-1575.
[20]王帅,孙敏,高志强,等.旱地小麦休闲期覆盖保水与磷肥对植株氮素吸收,利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):231-236.
[21]陈远学,周涛,王科,等.施磷对麦/玉/豆套作体系氮素利用效率及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):191-196.
[22]张立花,张辉,黄玉芳,等.施磷对玉米吸磷量、产量和土壤磷含量的影响及其相关性[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(7):801-809.
[23]何园球,李成亮,王兴祥,等.土壤水分含量和施磷量对旱作水稻磷素吸收的影响[J].土壤学报,2005,42(4):628-634.
[24]李鹏,张敬智,魏亚,等.配方施肥及磷肥后移对单季稻磷素利用效率,产量和经济效益的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(1):85-92.
[25]徐晓明,张迎信,王会民,等.水稻氮,磷,钾吸收利用遗传特征研究进展[J].核农学报,2016,30(4):0685-0694.
[26]陈波浪,吴海华,罗佳,等.施磷对立架甜瓜干物质累积及磷肥利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):511-518.
[27]张亚洁,杨建昌,杜斌.种植方式对陆稻和水稻磷素吸收利用的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(1):126-132.
[28]隽英华,孙文涛,韩晓日,等.春玉米土壤矿质氮累积及酶活性对施氮的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1368-1377.
[29]Smiciklas K D, Below F E. Role of nitrogen form in determining yield of field-grown maize[J]. Crop Science, 1992,32(5):1220-1225.
[30]薛晓辉,郝明德.小麦氮磷肥长期配施对土壤硝态氮淋溶的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(3):918-925.
[31]王婷,李利利,周海燕,等.长期不同施肥措施对雨养条件下陇东旱塬土壤氮素的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):177-188.
[2]张亚洁,华晶晶,李亚超,等.种植方式和磷素水平互作对陆稻和水稻产量及磷素利用的影响[J].作物学报,2011,37(8):1423-1431.
[3]习斌,翟丽梅,刘申,等.有机无机肥配施对玉米产量及土壤氮磷淋溶的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(2):326-335.
[4]张晴雯,张惠,易军,等.青铜峡灌区水稻田化肥氮去向研究[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(8):1707-1714.
[5]赵营,同延安,张树兰,等.氮磷钾施用量对灌淤土水稻产量及肥料利用率的影响[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(2):118-121.
[6]高菊生,黄晶,董春华,等.长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤有效养分影响[J].土壤学报,2014(2):314-324.
[7]王伟妮,鲁剑巍,何予卿,等.氮、磷、钾肥对水稻产量、品质及养分吸收利用的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2011,25(6):645-653.
[8]袁新民,同延安,杨学云,等.施用磷肥对土壤NO2-N累积的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(4):397-403.
[9]张爱平,刘汝亮,李友宏,等.施用磷肥对春小麦产量与吸氮特性及土体中硝态氮累积的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(5):30-34.
[10]李鹏,张敬智,魏亚,等.配方施肥及磷肥后移对单季稻磷素利用效率、产量和经济效益的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(1):85-92.
[11]邢丹,李淑文,夏博,等.磷肥施用对冬小麦产量及土壤氮素利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2015,26(2):437-442.
[12]刘根红,许强,乔娜,等.宁夏自流灌区农作物氮磷低污染种植结构优化[J].干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(1):140-146.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[14]赵浩淳,周志峰,秦子娴,等.施磷处理对中性紫色土土壤硝化作用的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):271-275.
[15]李廷亮,谢英荷,洪坚平,等.施磷水平对晋南旱地冬小麦产量及磷素利用的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(6):658-665.
[16]区惠平,周柳强,黄美福,等.不同施磷量下稻田土壤磷素平衡及其潜在环境风险评估[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):40-47.
[17]陈波浪,吴海华,罗佳,等.施磷对立架甜瓜干物质累积及磷肥利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):511-518.
[18]王兵,刘文兆,党廷辉,等.黄土高原氮磷肥水平对旱作冬小麦产量与氮素利用的影响[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(8):101-107.
[19]陈梦楠,高志强,孙敏,等.休闲期耕作配施磷肥对旱地小麦氮素吸收与转运的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(11):1569-1575.
[20]王帅,孙敏,高志强,等.旱地小麦休闲期覆盖保水与磷肥对植株氮素吸收,利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):231-236.
[21]陈远学,周涛,王科,等.施磷对麦/玉/豆套作体系氮素利用效率及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(3):191-196.
[22]张立花,张辉,黄玉芳,等.施磷对玉米吸磷量、产量和土壤磷含量的影响及其相关性[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(7):801-809.
[23]何园球,李成亮,王兴祥,等.土壤水分含量和施磷量对旱作水稻磷素吸收的影响[J].土壤学报,2005,42(4):628-634.
[24]李鹏,张敬智,魏亚,等.配方施肥及磷肥后移对单季稻磷素利用效率,产量和经济效益的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2016,30(1):85-92.
[25]徐晓明,张迎信,王会民,等.水稻氮,磷,钾吸收利用遗传特征研究进展[J].核农学报,2016,30(4):0685-0694.
[26]陈波浪,吴海华,罗佳,等.施磷对立架甜瓜干物质累积及磷肥利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(2):511-518.
[27]张亚洁,杨建昌,杜斌.种植方式对陆稻和水稻磷素吸收利用的影响[J].作物学报,2008,34(1):126-132.
[28]隽英华,孙文涛,韩晓日,等.春玉米土壤矿质氮累积及酶活性对施氮的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(6):1368-1377.
[29]Smiciklas K D, Below F E. Role of nitrogen form in determining yield of field-grown maize[J]. Crop Science, 1992,32(5):1220-1225.
[30]薛晓辉,郝明德.小麦氮磷肥长期配施对土壤硝态氮淋溶的影响[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(3):918-925.
[31]王婷,李利利,周海燕,等.长期不同施肥措施对雨养条件下陇东旱塬土壤氮素的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):177-188.