中美贸易争端对中国农业的影响及启示
|
摘要
近些年来中美之间贸易摩擦不断,2018年3月,美国又根据"301调查"结果正式宣布对中国进口的600亿美元商品征收关税,从而引发了中美贸易战。美国掀起贸易战的表面成因是中美之间长期存在的贸易不平衡和巨额的贸易逆差问题,实则贸易逆差并不是中美贸易战的真正成因,在愈演愈烈的中美贸易战背后,是美国对中国崛起的忌惮和遏制,是美国在全球战略上针对中国的一种竞争,核心目的在于打压"中国制造2025"强国计划,以此维护美国在高新技术产业方面的优势地位。在中美贸易结构中,农产品贸易是美国对中国具有出口优势的重要双边贸易领域,故中国则主要以对美国进口农产品征税作为博弈筹码,这对中国的农产品贸易和农业生产也造成了一定影响,但影响程度有限。贸易摩擦也暴露出中国农业的一些问题,即作为农业大国的中国,某些农产品国内供给不足,依赖进口程度高,为此,中国应积极推动农业产业结构调整和农业科技创新,进一步扩大农业对外开放的水平,同时健全中国的农业贸易政策体系,并抓住本次贸易战后重新谈判的契机,争取参与制定出更加公平合理的国际农业贸易投资新规则。
In recent years,trade frictions between China and the United States have been frequent.In March2018,the United States officially announced the imposition of tariffs on Chinese imports of 60 billion US dollars based on the results of the"301 investigation",which triggered the Sino-US trade war.The surface inducement of the US trade war is a long-standing trade imbalance between China and the United States and a huge trade deficit.However,through analysis,the trade deficit is not the real cause of the Sino-US trade war.In fact,behind the growing Sino-US trade war,it is the fear and suppress from the United States against China's rise and development,it is a kind of competition that the United States targets China in the global strategy.The core purpose is to suppress the"Made in China 2025"plan.China's countermeasure is mainly the taxation of imported agricultural products from the United States.This has also had a certain impact on China's agricultural trade,but the impact is limited.At the same time,the trade war has also exposed certain problems in China's agriculture,that as a large agricultural country,China has faced the problem of insufficient domestic supply on certain agricultural products and relies heavily on imports.For that,China should actively promote structural reform on agriculture,promote scientific and technological innovation and expand agricultural opening up in the future,at the same time,China should also improve its agricultural trade policy system,and seize the opportunity of this trade war to renegotiate new fair and reasonable rules of international agricultural trade and investment to solve these problems.
In recent years,trade frictions between China and the United States have been frequent.In March2018,the United States officially announced the imposition of tariffs on Chinese imports of 60 billion US dollars based on the results of the"301 investigation",which triggered the Sino-US trade war.The surface inducement of the US trade war is a long-standing trade imbalance between China and the United States and a huge trade deficit.However,through analysis,the trade deficit is not the real cause of the Sino-US trade war.In fact,behind the growing Sino-US trade war,it is the fear and suppress from the United States against China's rise and development,it is a kind of competition that the United States targets China in the global strategy.The core purpose is to suppress the"Made in China 2025"plan.China's countermeasure is mainly the taxation of imported agricultural products from the United States.This has also had a certain impact on China's agricultural trade,but the impact is limited.At the same time,the trade war has also exposed certain problems in China's agriculture,that as a large agricultural country,China has faced the problem of insufficient domestic supply on certain agricultural products and relies heavily on imports.For that,China should actively promote structural reform on agriculture,promote scientific and technological innovation and expand agricultural opening up in the future,at the same time,China should also improve its agricultural trade policy system,and seize the opportunity of this trade war to renegotiate new fair and reasonable rules of international agricultural trade and investment to solve these problems.
引文
[1]新华网.国务院关税税则委员会发布公告决定对原产于美国的500亿美元进口商品加征关税[EB/OL].(2018-6-16)[2018-08-25].http://www.xinhuanet.com/2018-06/16/c_1122993809.htm.
[2]方行明,熊江尧,张炎.中美经贸深层次博弈及中国的策略选择[J].社会科学研究,2018(4):1-10.
[3]原瑞玲,张雯丽,王慧敏.中国与美国农业投资合作及发展方向研究[J].经济研究参考,2017(31):59-65.
[4]国务院新闻办公室.《关于中美经贸摩擦的事实与中方立场》白皮书[Z].2018-09-24.
[5]姚博.美国“301调查”和中美“贸易战”[J].亚太经济,2018(3):47-52.
[6]陈继勇,陈大波.特朗普经贸保护政策对中美经贸关系的影响[J].经济学家,2017(10):96-104.
[7]郭可为.中美贸易战:动机分析与情景推演[J].国际经济合作,2018(5):18-24.
[8]刘英.美国对华贸易战:背景、影响与应对[J].国际经济合作,2018(5):4-11.
[9]王孝松,刘元春.出口管制与贸易逆差---以美国高新技术产品对华出口管制为例[J].国际经贸探索,2017(1):91-104.
[10]夏先良.美国总统特朗普对华贸易指控不实[J].国际贸易,2018(5):8-13.
[11]陈继勇.中美贸易战的背景、原因、本质及中国对策[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(5):72-81.
[12]熊丽.“聚焦‘一带一路’五周年:已有100余个国家和国际组织同中国签署了共建‘一带一路合作协议’”[N].经济日报,2018-09-07(08).
[13]龚婷.美国对华经贸政策新发展与中美经贸关系前景[J].国际问题研究,2018(3):94-126.
[14]唐小菁.美国的焦虑与国际多边体系的困局---中美贸易摩擦的国际舆论纵览[J].发展改革理论与实践,2018(7):51-54.
[15]彭波.中美贸易摩擦、关税保护与贸易对等[J].济南大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):56-65.
[16]高云才.怎么看中美经贸摩擦中的农业问题---访中央农办副主任、农业农村部副部长韩俊[J].现代农业装备,2018(4):6-8.
[17]胡冰川.中国农产品进口增长:原因与结果[J].清华金融评论,2018(7):48-50.
[18]钱镇.中美贸易战中谈粮食问题[J].中国投资,2018(9):117-119.
[19]李国祥.中美贸易战对中国农业的影响分析[J].农经评论,2018(8):14-16.
[20]中美贸易战农业攻伐[N].中国经营报,2018-04-02(02).
[21]黄昕.把贸易战的挑战化为机遇助推中国农业加快发[J].现代农业装备,2018(4):74-75.
[22]陈溯.中国全方位扩大农业对外开放[EB/OL].(2018-08-13)[2018-09-25].http://www.cnr.cn/chanjing/gundong/20180813/t20180813_524330250.shtml.
[23]李瑶函.浅谈2018中美贸易战对农产品的影响及对策[J].河北企业,2018(9):73-74.
[2]方行明,熊江尧,张炎.中美经贸深层次博弈及中国的策略选择[J].社会科学研究,2018(4):1-10.
[3]原瑞玲,张雯丽,王慧敏.中国与美国农业投资合作及发展方向研究[J].经济研究参考,2017(31):59-65.
[4]国务院新闻办公室.《关于中美经贸摩擦的事实与中方立场》白皮书[Z].2018-09-24.
[5]姚博.美国“301调查”和中美“贸易战”[J].亚太经济,2018(3):47-52.
[6]陈继勇,陈大波.特朗普经贸保护政策对中美经贸关系的影响[J].经济学家,2017(10):96-104.
[7]郭可为.中美贸易战:动机分析与情景推演[J].国际经济合作,2018(5):18-24.
[8]刘英.美国对华贸易战:背景、影响与应对[J].国际经济合作,2018(5):4-11.
[9]王孝松,刘元春.出口管制与贸易逆差---以美国高新技术产品对华出口管制为例[J].国际经贸探索,2017(1):91-104.
[10]夏先良.美国总统特朗普对华贸易指控不实[J].国际贸易,2018(5):8-13.
[11]陈继勇.中美贸易战的背景、原因、本质及中国对策[J].武汉大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018(5):72-81.
[12]熊丽.“聚焦‘一带一路’五周年:已有100余个国家和国际组织同中国签署了共建‘一带一路合作协议’”[N].经济日报,2018-09-07(08).
[13]龚婷.美国对华经贸政策新发展与中美经贸关系前景[J].国际问题研究,2018(3):94-126.
[14]唐小菁.美国的焦虑与国际多边体系的困局---中美贸易摩擦的国际舆论纵览[J].发展改革理论与实践,2018(7):51-54.
[15]彭波.中美贸易摩擦、关税保护与贸易对等[J].济南大学学报(社会科学版),2018(3):56-65.
[16]高云才.怎么看中美经贸摩擦中的农业问题---访中央农办副主任、农业农村部副部长韩俊[J].现代农业装备,2018(4):6-8.
[17]胡冰川.中国农产品进口增长:原因与结果[J].清华金融评论,2018(7):48-50.
[18]钱镇.中美贸易战中谈粮食问题[J].中国投资,2018(9):117-119.
[19]李国祥.中美贸易战对中国农业的影响分析[J].农经评论,2018(8):14-16.
[20]中美贸易战农业攻伐[N].中国经营报,2018-04-02(02).
[21]黄昕.把贸易战的挑战化为机遇助推中国农业加快发[J].现代农业装备,2018(4):74-75.
[22]陈溯.中国全方位扩大农业对外开放[EB/OL].(2018-08-13)[2018-09-25].http://www.cnr.cn/chanjing/gundong/20180813/t20180813_524330250.shtml.
[23]李瑶函.浅谈2018中美贸易战对农产品的影响及对策[J].河北企业,2018(9):73-74.