黔北煤田长岗向斜煤储层特征与压裂可改造性研究
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摘要
为指导黔北煤田长岗向斜煤层气的勘探开发和选区,基于钻探、试井资料及煤样测试数据,分析研究了黔北煤田长岗向斜煤储层特征,结合煤层气井试采效果,从煤体结构和煤层及其围岩特征研究了煤储层压裂可改造性。研究结果表明:长岗向斜煤层多而薄,主要为低灰~中灰、高硫分的贫煤~无烟煤,煤层埋深适中;煤的比表面积大,吸附性强,含气量高,资源储量较好。而煤层气解吸难度大,孔隙度低,孔裂隙系统不发育,为低孔、低渗、欠压储层,给开发造成一定困难;向斜北部受断层破坏,煤体结构破碎,以碎粒煤和粉煤为主,不利于压裂;向斜南部煤体结构较完整,各煤层岩石力学性质强,顶底板以较薄的泥岩为主,与煤岩力学性质差异较明显。仅采煤层气,优先压裂3号和7号煤层;若实施煤系气共采,则多数煤层都是合适的压裂选层。
In order to guide the exploration,development and block selection of coalbed methane in Changgang Syncline of Qianbei Coalfield,based on the exploration,test well information and coal sample test data,the paper had an analysis and study on the coal reservoir features in Changgang Syncline of Qianbei Coalfield. In combination with the trial drainage effect of coalbed methane wells,from the coal structure and the seam as well as the surrounding rock features,a study was conducted on the fracturing reconstruction of the coal reservoir. The study results showed that Changgang Syncline seam was many and thin,mainly the lean coal-anthracite coal with a low ash content-medium ash content,high sulfur content and the seam depth was moderate. The coal specific surface area was large,the adsorption was strong and the gas content was high and the resource base was good. Also the coalbed methane desorption difficulty was high,the porosity was low and the borehole crack system was not developed. The seam was a low porosity,low permeability and over pressure reservoir and would cause a certain difficulty to coal seam development. In the north area of the syncline,due to the failure by faults,the coal structure was broken and mainly the broken partical coal and fine coal were not be favorably fractured. In the south syncline,the coal structure was relatively completed,the mechanics property of rock in each seam was strong,the roof and floor were mainly thin mudstone and were obviously different to coal and rock mechanics property.Only coalbed methane would be mined,the fracturing of No. 3 seam and No. 7 seam would be optimally selected. If the co-mining of the coal measure gas,thus most seams could be the fractured seams suitably.
In order to guide the exploration,development and block selection of coalbed methane in Changgang Syncline of Qianbei Coalfield,based on the exploration,test well information and coal sample test data,the paper had an analysis and study on the coal reservoir features in Changgang Syncline of Qianbei Coalfield. In combination with the trial drainage effect of coalbed methane wells,from the coal structure and the seam as well as the surrounding rock features,a study was conducted on the fracturing reconstruction of the coal reservoir. The study results showed that Changgang Syncline seam was many and thin,mainly the lean coal-anthracite coal with a low ash content-medium ash content,high sulfur content and the seam depth was moderate. The coal specific surface area was large,the adsorption was strong and the gas content was high and the resource base was good. Also the coalbed methane desorption difficulty was high,the porosity was low and the borehole crack system was not developed. The seam was a low porosity,low permeability and over pressure reservoir and would cause a certain difficulty to coal seam development. In the north area of the syncline,due to the failure by faults,the coal structure was broken and mainly the broken partical coal and fine coal were not be favorably fractured. In the south syncline,the coal structure was relatively completed,the mechanics property of rock in each seam was strong,the roof and floor were mainly thin mudstone and were obviously different to coal and rock mechanics property.Only coalbed methane would be mined,the fracturing of No. 3 seam and No. 7 seam would be optimally selected. If the co-mining of the coal measure gas,thus most seams could be the fractured seams suitably.
引文
[1]徐彬彬,何明德.贵州煤田地质[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[2]徐宏杰,桑树勋,杨景芬,等.贵州省煤层气勘探开发现状与展望[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(2):1-7.XU Hongjie,SANG Shuxun,YANG Jingfen,et al.Status and expectation on coalbed methane exploration and development in Guizhou Province[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(2):1-7.
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[6]钱招军.浅析仁怀长岗向斜矿区断裂构造对煤层的破坏作用[J].西部探矿工程,2015,3(8):165-167.QIAN Zhaojun.Analysis on the destructive effect of fault structure on coal seam in Changgnag syncline,Renhuai[J].Western Exploration Project,2015,3(8):165-167.
[7]龙世勇.长岗向斜核查矿区煤炭资源储量估算研究[J].低碳世界,2014(7):121-122.LONG Shiyong.Study on estimation of coal resources in mining area of Changgang syncline[J].Low Carbon World,2014(7):121-122.
[8]刘贻军,曾祥洲,胡刚,等.贵州煤层气储层特征及勘探开发技术对策:以比德-三塘盆地为例[J].煤田地质与勘探,2017,45(1):71-74.LIU Yijun,ZENG Xiangzhou,HU Gang,et al.Characteristics and technical measures of exploration and development of coalbed methane reservoir in Guizhou Province:a case of Bide-Santang Area[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2017,45(1):71-74.
[9]贵州省地质矿产局.贵州省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1987.
[10]刘贝,黄文辉,敖卫华,等.沁水盆地晚古生代煤中硫的地球化学特征及其对有害微量元素富集的影响[J].地学前缘,2016,23(3):59-67.LIU Bei,HUANG Wenhui,AO Weihua,et al.Geochemistry characteristicsof sulfur and its effect on hazardous elements in the Late Paleozoic coal from the Qinshui Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(3):59-67.
[11]姚艳斌,刘大锰,黄文辉,等.两淮煤田煤储层孔-裂隙系统与煤层气产出性能研究[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(2):163-168.YAO Yanbin,LIU Dameng,HUANG Wenhui.et al.Research on the pore-fractures system properties of Coalbedmethanereservoirs and recovery in Huainan and Huaibei coalfields[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(2):163-168.
[12]姜玮,吴财芳,赵凯,等.多煤层区煤储层孔隙特征及煤层气可采性研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(8):135-139.JIANG Wei,WU Caifang,ZHAO Kai,et al.Study on pore characteristics of coal reservoir and CBM recoverability in multiple coal seam blocks[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(8):135-139.
[13]陈贞龙,王烽,汤达祯,等.贵州格目底向斜煤层气成藏地质特征及勘探潜力[C]//2009亚太煤层气会议论文集.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2009:292-297.
[14]陈刚,秦勇,杨青,等.不同煤阶煤储层应力敏感性差异及其对煤层气产出的影响[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(3):504-509.CHEN Gang,QIN Yong,YANG Qing,et al.Different stress sensitivity of different coal rank reservoir permeability and its effect on the coalbed methane output[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(3):504-509.
[15]邓泽,康永尚,刘洪林,等.开发过程中煤储层渗透率动态变化特征[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(7):947-951.DENG Ze,KANG Yongshang,LIU Honglin,et al.Dynamic variation character of coalbed methane reservoir permeability during depletion[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(7):947-951.
[16]MOORE T A.Coalbed methane:a review[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,101:36-81.
[17]蔺亚兵,宋一民,蒋同昌,等.黄陇煤田永陇矿区煤层气成藏条件及主控因素研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(3):168-175.LIN Yabing,SONG Yimin,JIANG Tongchang,et al.Study on forming conditions and main controlling factors of CBM reservoirs in Yonglong Mining Area of Huanglong Coalfield[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(3):168-175.
[18]李安启,姜海,陈彩虹.我国煤层气井水力压裂的实践及煤层裂缝模型选择分析[J].天然气工业,2004,24(5):91-94.LI Anqi,JIANG Hai,CHEN Caihong.Hydraulic fracturing practice and coalbed fracture model selecting for coalbed gas wells in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(5):91-94.
[19]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[20]孟召平.煤层气开发地质学理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[21]倪小明,苏现波,张小东.煤层气开发地质学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[22]陈跃,汤达祯,许浩,等.基于测井信息的韩城地区煤体结构的分布规律[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(8):1435-1442.CHEN Yue,TANG Dazhen,XU Hao,et al.The distribution of coal structure in Hancheng Block based on well logging data[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(8):1435-1442.
[23]胡奇,王生维,张晨,等.沁南地区煤体结构对煤层气开发的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(8):65-68.HU Qi,WANG Shengwei,ZHANG Chen,et al.Coal structure affected to coalbed methane development in Qinnan Region[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(8):65-68.
[24]颜青.比德—三塘盆地煤与岩石力学性质及煤层压裂可改造性[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.
[25]WU C,ZHANG X,WANG M,et al.Physical simulation study on the hydraulic fracture propagation of coalbed methane well[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2018,150(3):244-253.
[26]倪小明,苏现波,李广生.樊庄地区3号和15号煤层合层排采的可行性研究[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(1):144-149.NI Xiaoming,SU Xianbo,LI Guangsheng.Feasibility ofmulti-layer drainage for No.3 and No.15 coal seams in the Fanzhuang Area[J].Nature Gas Geoscience,2010,21(1):144-149.
[2]徐宏杰,桑树勋,杨景芬,等.贵州省煤层气勘探开发现状与展望[J].煤炭科学技术,2016,44(2):1-7.XU Hongjie,SANG Shuxun,YANG Jingfen,et al.Status and expectation on coalbed methane exploration and development in Guizhou Province[J].Coal Science and Technology,2016,44(2):1-7.
[3]唐代学.贵州长岗向斜煤炭勘查区南部煤层气资源分布特征[J].内蒙古煤炭经济,2016,9(5):157-158.TANG Daixue.Distribution characteristics of coalbed methane resources in South Changgang syncline in Guizhou[J].Coal Economy in Inner Mongolia,2016,9(5):157-158.
[4]唐代学,陈川,钱招军.贵州省遵义地区长岗向斜煤层气有利储层综合评价报告[R].贵阳:贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局117地质大队,2014.
[5]高弟,秦勇,易同生.论贵州煤层气地质特点与勘探开发战略[J].中国煤炭地质,2009,21(3):20-23.GAO Di,QIN Yong,YI Tongsheng.Geological condition,exploration and exploitation strategy of coal bed methane resources in guizhou,china[J].Coal Geology of China,2009,21(3):20-23.
[6]钱招军.浅析仁怀长岗向斜矿区断裂构造对煤层的破坏作用[J].西部探矿工程,2015,3(8):165-167.QIAN Zhaojun.Analysis on the destructive effect of fault structure on coal seam in Changgnag syncline,Renhuai[J].Western Exploration Project,2015,3(8):165-167.
[7]龙世勇.长岗向斜核查矿区煤炭资源储量估算研究[J].低碳世界,2014(7):121-122.LONG Shiyong.Study on estimation of coal resources in mining area of Changgang syncline[J].Low Carbon World,2014(7):121-122.
[8]刘贻军,曾祥洲,胡刚,等.贵州煤层气储层特征及勘探开发技术对策:以比德-三塘盆地为例[J].煤田地质与勘探,2017,45(1):71-74.LIU Yijun,ZENG Xiangzhou,HU Gang,et al.Characteristics and technical measures of exploration and development of coalbed methane reservoir in Guizhou Province:a case of Bide-Santang Area[J].Coal Geology&Exploration,2017,45(1):71-74.
[9]贵州省地质矿产局.贵州省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1987.
[10]刘贝,黄文辉,敖卫华,等.沁水盆地晚古生代煤中硫的地球化学特征及其对有害微量元素富集的影响[J].地学前缘,2016,23(3):59-67.LIU Bei,HUANG Wenhui,AO Weihua,et al.Geochemistry characteristicsof sulfur and its effect on hazardous elements in the Late Paleozoic coal from the Qinshui Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2016,23(3):59-67.
[11]姚艳斌,刘大锰,黄文辉,等.两淮煤田煤储层孔-裂隙系统与煤层气产出性能研究[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(2):163-168.YAO Yanbin,LIU Dameng,HUANG Wenhui.et al.Research on the pore-fractures system properties of Coalbedmethanereservoirs and recovery in Huainan and Huaibei coalfields[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(2):163-168.
[12]姜玮,吴财芳,赵凯,等.多煤层区煤储层孔隙特征及煤层气可采性研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(8):135-139.JIANG Wei,WU Caifang,ZHAO Kai,et al.Study on pore characteristics of coal reservoir and CBM recoverability in multiple coal seam blocks[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(8):135-139.
[13]陈贞龙,王烽,汤达祯,等.贵州格目底向斜煤层气成藏地质特征及勘探潜力[C]//2009亚太煤层气会议论文集.徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2009:292-297.
[14]陈刚,秦勇,杨青,等.不同煤阶煤储层应力敏感性差异及其对煤层气产出的影响[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(3):504-509.CHEN Gang,QIN Yong,YANG Qing,et al.Different stress sensitivity of different coal rank reservoir permeability and its effect on the coalbed methane output[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(3):504-509.
[15]邓泽,康永尚,刘洪林,等.开发过程中煤储层渗透率动态变化特征[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(7):947-951.DENG Ze,KANG Yongshang,LIU Honglin,et al.Dynamic variation character of coalbed methane reservoir permeability during depletion[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(7):947-951.
[16]MOORE T A.Coalbed methane:a review[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2012,101:36-81.
[17]蔺亚兵,宋一民,蒋同昌,等.黄陇煤田永陇矿区煤层气成藏条件及主控因素研究[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(3):168-175.LIN Yabing,SONG Yimin,JIANG Tongchang,et al.Study on forming conditions and main controlling factors of CBM reservoirs in Yonglong Mining Area of Huanglong Coalfield[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(3):168-175.
[18]李安启,姜海,陈彩虹.我国煤层气井水力压裂的实践及煤层裂缝模型选择分析[J].天然气工业,2004,24(5):91-94.LI Anqi,JIANG Hai,CHEN Caihong.Hydraulic fracturing practice and coalbed fracture model selecting for coalbed gas wells in China[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(5):91-94.
[19]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[20]孟召平.煤层气开发地质学理论与方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[21]倪小明,苏现波,张小东.煤层气开发地质学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[22]陈跃,汤达祯,许浩,等.基于测井信息的韩城地区煤体结构的分布规律[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(8):1435-1442.CHEN Yue,TANG Dazhen,XU Hao,et al.The distribution of coal structure in Hancheng Block based on well logging data[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(8):1435-1442.
[23]胡奇,王生维,张晨,等.沁南地区煤体结构对煤层气开发的影响[J].煤炭科学技术,2014,42(8):65-68.HU Qi,WANG Shengwei,ZHANG Chen,et al.Coal structure affected to coalbed methane development in Qinnan Region[J].Coal Science and Technology,2014,42(8):65-68.
[24]颜青.比德—三塘盆地煤与岩石力学性质及煤层压裂可改造性[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2014.
[25]WU C,ZHANG X,WANG M,et al.Physical simulation study on the hydraulic fracture propagation of coalbed methane well[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2018,150(3):244-253.
[26]倪小明,苏现波,李广生.樊庄地区3号和15号煤层合层排采的可行性研究[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(1):144-149.NI Xiaoming,SU Xianbo,LI Guangsheng.Feasibility ofmulti-layer drainage for No.3 and No.15 coal seams in the Fanzhuang Area[J].Nature Gas Geoscience,2010,21(1):144-149.