钢结硬质合金/中铬钢复合材料的磨料磨损性能
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摘要
为了解决严苛工况下的磨损问题,利用WC颗粒和中铬钢粉末,采用热压烧结法制备了局域化增强的钢结硬质合金/中铬钢复合材料,观察分析了复合材料界面,研究了试验载荷对复合材料相对耐磨性的影响规律及其磨损机理。结果表明:采用热压烧结法制备的局域化增强复合材料界面结合良好,增强区域组织致密,WC颗粒分布均匀;复合材料的耐磨性远高于中铬钢的,且其相对耐磨性随着试验载荷的增加而增大;在较高试验载荷下,复合材料的耐磨性优势更为显著,加载30 N时复合材料的相对耐磨性达到中铬钢的3.7倍;在磨损过程中,凸出磨损面的增强区域对基体区域的有效保护作用和基体区域对增强区域的有效支撑作用,两者相互配合是复合材料具有优异耐磨性的主要原因;复合材料的磨损失效机理主要是显微切削和多次塑变疲劳断裂。
In order to solve the wear problems in harsh conditions,zoning reinforcement steel bonded carbide/medium Cr steel composite was fabricated with WC particles and medium Cr steel powders by hot pressing sintering. The composite interface was observed and analyzed to study the influence of test load on the relative wear resistance of composite and the wear mechanism of composite. Results showed that the zoning reinforcement composite was successfully prepared by hot pressing sintering,and the composite interface between enhanced region and matrix region was well bonded. In addition,the texture of enhanced area was compact and the WC particles were evenly distributed in enhanced area.The wear resistance of composite was much higher than that of medium Cr steel,and the relative wear resistance of composite increased with the increase of test load. The wear resistance advantage of composite was more obvious under higher test load. In addition,the relative wear resistance of composite under load of 30 N reached 3.7 times that of medium Cr steel. During the wear process,the protective effects of the enhanced region on the substrate region and the support effects of the substrate region to the enhanced regions were the main reason to endow the composite with excellent wear resistance by their synergistic effect. Moreover,the main wear mechanisms of composite were micro-plowing and fatigue fracture induced by plastic deformation.
In order to solve the wear problems in harsh conditions,zoning reinforcement steel bonded carbide/medium Cr steel composite was fabricated with WC particles and medium Cr steel powders by hot pressing sintering. The composite interface was observed and analyzed to study the influence of test load on the relative wear resistance of composite and the wear mechanism of composite. Results showed that the zoning reinforcement composite was successfully prepared by hot pressing sintering,and the composite interface between enhanced region and matrix region was well bonded. In addition,the texture of enhanced area was compact and the WC particles were evenly distributed in enhanced area.The wear resistance of composite was much higher than that of medium Cr steel,and the relative wear resistance of composite increased with the increase of test load. The wear resistance advantage of composite was more obvious under higher test load. In addition,the relative wear resistance of composite under load of 30 N reached 3.7 times that of medium Cr steel. During the wear process,the protective effects of the enhanced region on the substrate region and the support effects of the substrate region to the enhanced regions were the main reason to endow the composite with excellent wear resistance by their synergistic effect. Moreover,the main wear mechanisms of composite were micro-plowing and fatigue fracture induced by plastic deformation.
引文
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[2]ZHENG K H,GAO Y M,LI Y F.Three-body abrasive wear resistance of iron matrix composites reinforced with ceramic particles[J].Journal of Engineering Tribology,2014,228(1):3-10.
[3]LI Z L,JIANG Y H,ZHOU R,et al.Effect of Cr addition on the microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of WC-reinforced iron matrix surface composites[J].Journal of Materials Research,2014,29(6):778-785.
[4]LI Y F,GAO Y M.Three-body abrasive wear behavior of CC/high-Cr WCI composite and its interfacial characteristics[J].Wear,2010,268(3/4):511-518.
[5]LI J,ZONG Y P,WANG Y M,et al.Experiment and modeling of mechanical properties on iron matrix composites reinforced by different types of ceramic particles[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2010,527(29):7 545-7 551.
[6]李烨飞,高义民,王必辉,等.颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料界面及摩擦学特性[J].粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2009,14(5):331-336.
[7]尹宏飞.氧化铝颗粒增强高铬铸铁基复合材料的制备及磨损性能研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2011:5.
[8]史芳杰.碳化钨颗粒增强铁基表层复合材料的制备与性能研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2011:9.
[9]于童童.硬质合金增强铁基表层复合材料的制备与性能研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2012:6.
[10]ZHENG K H,GAO Y M,TANG S L,et al.Interface structure and wear behavior of Cr26 ferrous matrix surface composites reinforced with CTCP[J].Tribology Letters,2014,54(1):15-23.
[11]秦蜀懿,张国定.如何韧化颗粒增强金属基复合材料[J].机械工程材料,1998,22(3):1-4.
[12]秦蜀懿,张国定.改善颗粒增强金属基复合材料塑性和韧性的途径与机制[J].中国有色金属学报,2000,10(5):621-629.
[13]张荻,张国定,李志强.金属基复合材料的现状与发展趋势[J].中国材料进展,2010,29(4):1-7.
[14]JAMALI M,FAROKHZADEH K,BAGHERI R,et al.Architecturally modified Al-DRA composites:the effect of size and shape of the DRA rods on fracture behavior[J].Journal of Materials Science,2010,45(11):2 852-2 861.
[15]FRANCOIS H.Composite wear component:6520241B2[P].2003-02-18.
[16]鲍崇高,侯书增,邢建东,等.一种硬质合金/高铬合金基耐磨复合材料的制备方法:ZL201110321241.2[P].2013-02-27.
[17]李固成.Cr26MoWVTiRE合金铸铁溜槽衬板的开发与应用[J].铸造,2013(7):653-657.
[18]盛光英.硬质合金耐磨衬板在炼铁高炉中的应用[J].装备制造技术,2009(2):49-51.
[19]侯书增,付鸽,廖映华,等.一种局域化增强复合材料的粉末冶金制备方法:ZL201710227835.4[P].2018-09-05.
[20]ELOU D,HELLMAN J,LUHULIMA D,et al.Interactions between tungsten carbide(WC)particulates and metal matrix in WC-reinforced composites[J].Materials Science and Engineering:A,2003,340(1/2):155-162.
[21]GONZALEZ R,ECHEBERRIA J,SANCHEZ J M,et al.WC-(Fe,Ni,C)hardmetals with improved toughness through isothermal heat treatments[J].Journal of Material Science,1995,30(13):3 435-3 439.
[22]FERNANDES C M,SENOS A M R,VIEIRA M T.Control of eta carbide formation in tungsten carbide powders sputtercoated with(Fe/Ni/Cr)[J].International Journal of Refractory Metals&Hard Materials,2006,25(4):310-317.
[23]蔡美,王双成,许云华,等.硬质合金/钢双金属复合材料的组织与性能研究[J].硬质合金,2008,25(4):203-207.
[24]RICHARDSON R C D.The wear of metals by hard abrasives[J].Wear,1967,10(4):291-309.