镜泊湖春、夏两季浮游生物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
本研究于2015年在黑龙江省镜泊湖选取7个典型采样点,对镜泊湖春、夏两季间浮游生物群落结构的演替及其与环境因子关系进行分析。在调查期间共鉴定浮游植物152个分类单位,浮游动物38个分类单位,种类组成上浮游植物主要以绿藻门和硅藻门藻类为主,浮游动物以轮虫和原生动物为主。研究期间浮游生物优势种主要包括:河生集星藻(Actinastrumfluviatile(Schroed.)Fott)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz.)、谷皮菱形藻(Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) W.Smith)、前节晶囊轮虫(Asplanchna priodonta)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)和瓶砂壳虫(Difflugia urceolata)。在研究期间水温、pH、电导率、和总氮在春、夏两季之间变化明显(P<0.05或P<0.01)。春、夏两季的浮游生物丰度呈现明显下降趋势(P<0.05)。Spearman相关分析揭示镜泊湖水体浮游生物丰度与水温和电导率极其显著相关(P<0.01)。冗余分析(RDA)表明,水温和电导率是驱动镜泊湖水体浮游生物群落生态分布的主要环境因子。与近10余年间镜泊湖相关研究对比发现,镜泊湖水体浮游植物群落结构较为稳定,浮游动物优势类群略有改变。综合营养状态指数评价表明镜泊湖水体为中营养状态,与前期研究结果相似,说明水体目前无进一步恶化的趋势。
Jingpo Lake is a freshwater located in the southernmost part of Northeast China(43°45′—44°03′N,128°48′—129°03′E).The lake is a drinking water source at the headwaters of the Mudan River.Although studies of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the lake increased in recent years,the relationship between plankton and environmental factors,and the ability to indicate the nutrient status of the water mass remain to be understood deeply.Therefore,studies of the plankton community in different seasons are necessary.We scrutinized the plankton composition,diversity,and eight environmental factors in spring(May) and summer(July),in which 152 phytoplankton taxa and 38 zooplankton taxa were identified.Plankton community mainly consisted of Chlorophyta,Diatom,Rotifera,and Protozoa.The dominated species were Actinastrum fluviatile(Schroed.) Fott,Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz.,Nitzschia palea(Kütz.) W.Smith,Asplanchna priodonta,Keratella cochlearis,and Difflugia urceolata.Quantitative analysis revealed that the plankton abundance has been descended(P<0.05) in recent years.The water temperature(WT),pH,SpCond(specific conductance),and TN(total nitrogen) presented significant seasonal differences(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The relationship between plankton community and eight environmental factors were calculated in the Spearman correlation analysis and redundancy analysis.Multivariable statistics analysis showed that the plankton community structure was clearly affected by WT and SpCond.SpCond was a key factor on phytoplankton community composition in most of the sampling sties in spring,while WT mainly affected the zooplankton community composition in summer.The results highlight the importance of plankton community as an indicator to the environmental change in temperate zone lakes.In addition,the phytoplankton composition remained quite stable in the past 10 years but a slight change in the zooplankton community.The lake was in mesotrophic status as indicated by the comprehensive trophic state index(TLI).Therefore,no deterioration trend of water quality was found at present.
Jingpo Lake is a freshwater located in the southernmost part of Northeast China(43°45′—44°03′N,128°48′—129°03′E).The lake is a drinking water source at the headwaters of the Mudan River.Although studies of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the lake increased in recent years,the relationship between plankton and environmental factors,and the ability to indicate the nutrient status of the water mass remain to be understood deeply.Therefore,studies of the plankton community in different seasons are necessary.We scrutinized the plankton composition,diversity,and eight environmental factors in spring(May) and summer(July),in which 152 phytoplankton taxa and 38 zooplankton taxa were identified.Plankton community mainly consisted of Chlorophyta,Diatom,Rotifera,and Protozoa.The dominated species were Actinastrum fluviatile(Schroed.) Fott,Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz.,Nitzschia palea(Kütz.) W.Smith,Asplanchna priodonta,Keratella cochlearis,and Difflugia urceolata.Quantitative analysis revealed that the plankton abundance has been descended(P<0.05) in recent years.The water temperature(WT),pH,SpCond(specific conductance),and TN(total nitrogen) presented significant seasonal differences(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The relationship between plankton community and eight environmental factors were calculated in the Spearman correlation analysis and redundancy analysis.Multivariable statistics analysis showed that the plankton community structure was clearly affected by WT and SpCond.SpCond was a key factor on phytoplankton community composition in most of the sampling sties in spring,while WT mainly affected the zooplankton community composition in summer.The results highlight the importance of plankton community as an indicator to the environmental change in temperate zone lakes.In addition,the phytoplankton composition remained quite stable in the past 10 years but a slight change in the zooplankton community.The lake was in mesotrophic status as indicated by the comprehensive trophic state index(TLI).Therefore,no deterioration trend of water quality was found at present.
引文
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王伟,2013.强降雨对胶州湾生源要素的补充作用及浮游植物丰度和种群结构的影响.青岛:中国海洋大学硕士学位论文
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庄道阔,2015.镜泊湖流域浮游植物群落和功能类群特征及水质评价.保定:河北大学硕士学位论文
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巴秋爽,李雪,刘妍等,2016.扎龙湿地藻类植物群落结构特征及水质初步评价.海洋与湖沼,47(5):924-934
庄道阔,2015.镜泊湖流域浮游植物群落和功能类群特征及水质评价.保定:河北大学硕士学位论文
刘建康,1999.高级水生生物学.北京:科学出版社
刘鸿雁,徐云麟,1996.镜泊湖藻类生长和湖泊富营养化预测初探.生态学报,16(2):195-201
江成,2014.水体扰动对藻生长机制与QCS水库富营养化控制的影响研究.上海:上海交通大学博士学位论文
孙辉,汪岷,汪俭等,2014.养殖活动对超微型浮游生物分布影响的研究.海洋与湖沼,45(6):1272-1279
李喆,王念民,孙大江等,2016.五大连池浮游动物群落结构的时空分布特征.生态学报,36(4):961-970
李共国,屠霄霞,王佩儿等,2013.杭州湾滩涂湿地浮游生物群落特征及与环境因子的关系.生态学杂志,32(10):2764-2771
杨宇峰,王庆,陈菊芳等,2006.河口浮游动物生态学研究进展.生态学报,26(2):576-585
杨亮杰,吕光汉,竺俊全等,2014.横山水库浮游动物群落结构特征及水质评价.水生生物学报,38(4):720-728
吴利,冯伟松,陈小娟等,2008.新疆伊犁地区夏季浮游动物群落结构特征.应用生态学报,19(1):163-172
吴锋,战金艳,邓祥征等,2012.中国湖泊富营养化影响因素研究--基于中国22个湖泊实证分析.生态环境学报,21(1):94-100
何勇凤,李昊成,朱永久等,2015.湖北长湖富营养化状况及时空变化(2012-2013年).湖泊科学,27(5):853-864
汪星,刘录三,李黎等,2015a.镜泊湖浮游藻类组成及其与环境因子的相关分析.中国环境科学,35(11):3403-3413
汪星,刘录三,李黎等,2015b.镜泊湖浮游动物组成及其与环境因子的相关分析.中国科技成果,(16):22-27
沈韫芬,顾曼如,龚循矩等,1990.微型生物监测新技术.北京:建筑工业出版社
沈嘉瑞,1979.中国动物志-节肢动物门甲壳纲:淡水桡足类.北京:科学出版社
张达娟,闫启仑,王真良,2008.典型河口浮游动物种类数及生物量变化趋势的研究.海洋与湖沼,39(5):536-540
张新刚,冷雪莲,于洪贤,2007.镜泊湖水环境质量综合评价及保护对策探讨.水利渔业,27(4):55-56,74
陈立群,王友联,王全喜等,1994.镜泊湖的浮游藻类及水质评价.哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报,10(1):80-84
林青,由文辉,徐凤洁等,2014.滴水湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.生态学报,34(23):6918-6929
金相灿,屠清瑛,1990.湖泊富营养化调查规范.2版.北京:中国环境科学出版社
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金琼贝,盛连喜,张然,1991.温度对浮游动物群落的影响.东北师大学报自然科学版,(4):103-111
赵光楠,吴德东,潘宝源,2017.镜泊湖富营养化评价及防治对策研究.环境科学与管理,42(5):106-109
胡鸿钧,魏印心,2006.中国淡水藻类--系统、分类及生态.北京:科学出版社
秦伯强,高光,胡维平等,2005.浅水湖泊生态系统恢复的理论与实践思考.湖泊科学,17(1):9-16
郭坤,彭婷,罗静波等,2017.长湖浮游动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.海洋与湖沼,48(1):40-49
章宗涉,黄祥飞,1991.淡水浮游生物研究方法.北京:科学出版社
蒋燮治,堵南山,1979.中国动物志-节肢动物门甲壳纲:淡水枝角类.北京:科学出版社,153-155
谢进金,许友勤,陈寅山等,2005.晋江流域水质污染与浮游动物四季群落结构的关系.动物学杂志,40(5):8-13
黎尚豪,毕列爵,1998.中国淡水藻志-第五卷:绿藻门丝藻目石莼目胶手藻目橘色藻目环藻目.北京:科学出版社
Chang G,Dickey T,2008.Interdisciplinary sampling strategies for detection and characterization of harmful algal blooms.In:Babin M,Roesler C S,Cullen J J eds.Real-Time Coastal Observing Systems for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics and Harmful Algal Blooms:Theory,Instrumentation and Modelling.Paris,France:UNESCO,503-503
Cloern J E,2001.Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem.Marine Ecology Progress Series,210:223-253
Dagg M J,1995.Ingestion of phytoplankton by the micro-and mesozooplankton communities in a productive subtropical estuary.Journal of Plankton Research,17(4):845-857
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