渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷西部东营组三段—沙河街组一段砂质碎屑流沉积特征及油气勘探意义
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摘要
通过对岩心系统观测、岩心薄片观察和粒度分析,结合单井沉积相及地震相的综合分析,对南堡凹陷西部东营组三段—沙河街组一段沉积微相类型及特征进行精细的研究,认为研究区扇三角洲前端发育大规模的砂质碎屑流沉积。结合区域古地貌特征、沉积体系的综合研究,探讨了研究区砂质碎屑流沉积的成因机制,详细论述了砂质碎屑流的沉积构造特征及识别标志,并在此基础上建立了砂质碎屑流沉积模式。研究表明砂质碎屑流砂体主要为无沉积构造的块状中—粗砂岩和具有丰富重力流沉积特征的砂泥岩互层2种岩性组成,其成因为扇三角洲前缘砂体发生滑动、滑塌、再沉积而成。结合目前的勘探实践分析认为,砂质碎屑流砂体与沙河街组一段、沙河街组三段优质烃源岩直接接触或通过油源断层沟通而形成自生自储或下生上储型的岩性或构造-岩性油气藏,进而构成了研究区半深湖—深湖区域的良好岩性圈闭集合体。
Through systematic core observation,core slice observation and grain size analysis in combination with the comprehensive analysis of single well sedimentary facies and seismic facies,a fine study was conducted on the types and characteristics of sedimentary microfacies of the 3rd Member of Dongying Formation(Ed3)and the 1st Member of Shahejie Formation(Es1)in the western Nanpu sag.It is believed that in the study area,large-scale sandy debris flow deposition is formed in the front of fan delta.Based on comprehensively studying the regional ancient landform characteristics and sedimentary system,this paper further explores the formation mechanism of sandy debris flow deposition in the area and the sedimentary structural characteristics,and also detailedly sandy debris flow deposition in the area and the sedimentary structural characteristics,and also detailedly describes the identification marks of sandy debris flow.On this basis,the sedimentary model of sandy debris flows was established in this study.Research shows that sandy debris flow sand bodies are mainly composed of massive medium-coarse sandstones without sedimentary structure and the sand-shale interbed characterized with abundant gravity flow depositions,which are formed by slump,slip and redeposition of sand body in the fan delta front.According to the current exploration practice and analysis,it is believed that sandy debris flow sand body can directly contact with highquality source rocks in the 1st Member of Shahejie Formation and the 3rd Member of Shahejie Formation(Es3)or communicate with the source rocks through source fault,and form self-generation and self-preservation or lower-generating and upper-reservoiring lithologic or structural-lithologic reservoir,and thus constitute an aggregation of favorable lithologic traps in semi-deep-deep lakes of the study area.
Through systematic core observation,core slice observation and grain size analysis in combination with the comprehensive analysis of single well sedimentary facies and seismic facies,a fine study was conducted on the types and characteristics of sedimentary microfacies of the 3rd Member of Dongying Formation(Ed3)and the 1st Member of Shahejie Formation(Es1)in the western Nanpu sag.It is believed that in the study area,large-scale sandy debris flow deposition is formed in the front of fan delta.Based on comprehensively studying the regional ancient landform characteristics and sedimentary system,this paper further explores the formation mechanism of sandy debris flow deposition in the area and the sedimentary structural characteristics,and also detailedly sandy debris flow deposition in the area and the sedimentary structural characteristics,and also detailedly describes the identification marks of sandy debris flow.On this basis,the sedimentary model of sandy debris flows was established in this study.Research shows that sandy debris flow sand bodies are mainly composed of massive medium-coarse sandstones without sedimentary structure and the sand-shale interbed characterized with abundant gravity flow depositions,which are formed by slump,slip and redeposition of sand body in the fan delta front.According to the current exploration practice and analysis,it is believed that sandy debris flow sand body can directly contact with highquality source rocks in the 1st Member of Shahejie Formation and the 3rd Member of Shahejie Formation(Es3)or communicate with the source rocks through source fault,and form self-generation and self-preservation or lower-generating and upper-reservoiring lithologic or structural-lithologic reservoir,and thus constitute an aggregation of favorable lithologic traps in semi-deep-deep lakes of the study area.
引文
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[4]DURANTI D,HURST A.Fluidization and injection in the deepwater sandstones of the Eocene Alba Formation(UK.North Sea)[J].Sedimentology,2004,51(3):503-529.
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[6]吴靖,姜在兴,潘悦文,等.湖相细粒沉积模式——以东营凹陷古近系沙河街组四段上亚段为例[J].石油学报,2016,37(9):1080-1089.WU Jing,JIANG Zaixing,PAN Yuewen,et al.Lacustrine finegrained depositional model:a case study of the upper submember of the fourth Member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Dongying sag[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(9):1080-1089.
[7]黄银涛,姚光庆,朱洪涛,等.莺歌海盆地东方区黄流组重力流砂体的底流改造作用[J].石油学报,2016,37(7):855-866.HUANG Yintao,YAO Guangqing,ZHU Hongtao,et al.Reworking of gravity flow sandy by bottom-current from Huangliu Formation in Dongfang area of Yinggehai Basin,northwestern South China Sea[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(7):855-866.
[8]李相博,刘化清,陈启林,等.大型坳陷湖盆沉积坡折带特征及其对砂体与油气的控制作用——以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组为例[J].沉积学报,2010,28(4):717-729.LI Xiangbo,LIU Huaqing,CHEN Qilin,et al.Characteristics of slope break belt in large depression lacustrine basin and its controlling effect on sandbody and petroleum:Taking the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin as an example[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(4):717-729.
[9]杨田,操应长,王艳忠,等.深水重力流类型、沉积特征及成因机制——以济阳坳陷沙河街组三段中亚段为例[J].石油学报,2015,36(9):1048-1059.YANG Tian,CAO Yingchang,WANG Yanzhong,et al.Types,sedimentary characteristics and genetic mechanisms of deep-water gravity flows:a cause study of the middle submember in Member 3 of Shahejie Formation in Jiyang Depression[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(9):1048-1059.
[10]姚哲,王振峰,左倩媚,等.琼东南盆地中央峡谷深水大气田形成关键要素与勘探前景[J].石油学报,2015,36(11):1358-1366.YAO Zhe,WANG Zhenfeng,ZUO Qianmei,et al.Critical factors for the formation of large-scale deepwater gas field in Central Canyon System of Southeast Hainan Basin and its exploration potential[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(11):1358-1366.
[11]LOWE D R.Sediment gravity flows:II,Depositional models with special reference to the deposits of high-density turbidity currents[J].Journal of Sedimentary Research,1982,52(1):279-297.
[12]KNELLER B,BRANNEY M J.Sustained high-density turbidity currents and the deposition of thick massive beds[J].Sedimentology,1995,42(4):607-616.
[13]SHANMUGAM G.Ten turbidite myths[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2002,58(3/4):311-341.
[14]SHANMUGAM G.New perspectives on deep-water sandstones:Implications[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(3):316-324.
[15]TALLING P J,MASSON D G,SUMNER F J,et al.Subaqueous sedimentdensity flows:Depositional processes and deposit types[J].Sedimentology,2012,59(7):1937-2003.
[16]STOW D A V,JOHANSSON M.Deep-water massive sands:nature,origin and hydrocarbon implications[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2000,17(2):145-174.
[17]KUENEN P H,MIGLIORINI C I.Turbidity currents as a cause of graded bedding[J].The Journal of Geology,1950,58(2):91-127.
[18]SHANMUGAM G.Perception vs Reality in Deep-Water Exploration[J].World Oil,1996,217:37-41.
[19]AMY L A,TALLING P J,PEAKALL J,et al.Bed geometry used to test recognition criteria of turbidites and(sandy)debrites[J].Sedimentary Geology,2005,179(1/2):163-174.
[20]MIGEON S,DUCASSOU E,LE Gonidec Y,et al.Lobe construction and sand/mud segregation by turbidity urrents and debris flows on the western Nile deep-sea fan(Eastern Mediterranean)[J].Sedimentary Geology,2010,229(3):124-143.
[21]李相博,刘化清,张忠义,等.深水块状砂岩碎屑流成因的直接证据:“泥包砾”结构——以鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组研究为例[J].沉积学报,2014,32(4):611-622.LI Xiangbo,LIU Huaqing,ZHANG Zhongyi,et al.“Argillaceous parcel”structure:a direct evidence of debris flow origin of deepwater massive sandstone of Yanchang Formation,Upper Triassic,the Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2014,32(4):611-622.
[22]杜庆祥,郭少斌,沈晓丽,等.渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷南部古近系沙河街组一段古水体特征[J].古地理学报,2016,18(2):173-183.DU Qingxiang,GUO Shaobin,SHEN Xiaoli,et al.Palaeo-water characteristics of the Member 1 of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in southern Nanpu sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2016,18(2):173-183.
[23]管红,朱筱敏.南堡凹陷东营组层序地层格架与沉积体系[J].沉积学报,2008,26(5):730-736.GUAN Hong,ZHU Xiaomin.Sequence framework and sedimentary facies of Ed Formation in Paleogene,Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Act Sedimentologica Sinica,2008,26(5):730-736.
[24]徐安娜,郑红菊,董月霞,等.南堡凹陷东营组层序地层格架及沉积相预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2006,33(4):437-443.XU Anna,ZHENG Hongju,DONG Yuexia,et al.Sequence stratigraphic framework and sedimentary facies prediction in Dongying Formation of Nanpu Sag[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2006,33(4):437-443.
[25]周海民,魏忠文,丛良滋,等.南堡凹陷的形成演化与油气的关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,20(4):347-349.ZHOU Haimin,WEI Zhongwen,CONG Liangzi,et al.Relationship between formation,evolution and hydrocarbon in Nanpu Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2000,20(4):347-349.
[26]周海民,马乾.南堡凹陷北堡地区火成岩储层特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2003,24(1):36-38.ZHOU Haimin,MA Qian.Characteristics of volcanic reservoirs in Beipu area,Nanpu Sag[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2003,24(1):36-38.
[27]李云,郑荣才,朱国金,等.沉积物重力流研究进展综述[J].地球科学进展,2011,26(2):157-165.LI Yun,ZHENG Rongcai,ZHU Guojin,et al.Reviews on sediment gravity flow[J].Advances in Earth Science,2011,26(2):157-165.
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