典型企业场地土壤重金属污染及风险水平研究
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摘要
以四川地区4种类型8家搬迁企业场地为研究对象,采集各场地表层和次表层土壤样品,分析土壤pH值及5种重金属Cd,Hg,Pb,Cr,As的含量,探究场地土壤污染成因,并采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法、重金属富集指数法以及土壤潜在环境生态风险指标法等对比分析各类场地土壤污染及风险水平.结果表明:各场地表层土壤中重金属Cd,Hg,Pb,Cr,As平均含量分别为2.50,0.32,549.19,211.73,8.73mg/kg,其中Pb含量是建设一类用地风险筛选值的7.56倍,而Cd含量是其背景值的210.13倍,且各场地重金属受土壤pH值影响比较明显,酸性条件可提高重金属的迁移及生物有效性,导致偏酸性土壤次表层重金属比偏碱性土壤污染程度高;4种类型工业场地综合污染程度由高到低依次为化工厂>电池厂>冶炼厂>电镀厂;各场地土壤中5种重金属累积效应均显著,其中Cd和Pb为重度富集元素;化工A厂、化工B厂、冶炼B厂和电池A厂场地土壤Cd,Hg和Pb含量较高,导致综合生态风险指数较高,属于重度污染风险水平,需要进行严格管控及治理.
Four different types of eight former relocation enterprise sites in Sichuan area were chosen as the study areas.The surface soil samples and sub-surface soil samples were collected from study areas and the pH values and the concentrations of cadmium(cd),mercury(hg),lead(pb),chromium(cr)and arsenic(As) were analyzed to explore the causes of soil contamination.The degree of contamination and risk level of heavy metals were evaluated with the single factor pollution index,Nemero synthesis index,enrichment index and Hakanson's potential ecological risk index.Results showed the average contents of soil Cd,Hg,Pb,Cr and As in the study areas was 2.50,0.32,549.19,211.73 and 8.73 mg/kg,respectively.Pb content was 7.56 times as much as the risk screening value of first class development land,while Cd content was 210.1 times as much as its background value.Moreover,heavy metals in various sites were significantly affected by soil pH.Acidic conditions could improve the migration of heavy metals and bioavailability,causing the pollution degree of heavy metals in subsurface layer of acidic soil was higher than that of alkaline soil;based on all indexes and site types,the contamination degree was from high to low as follows:chemical plant,battery plant,smelter plant and electroplating plant;the accumulation effect of five heavy metal in soils was significant and Cd and Pb were serious enrichment elements;the soil Cd,Hg and Pb contents of chemical A plant,chemical B plant,smelter B plant and battery A plant were higher,which led to higher potential ecological risk index and severe pollution,and required strict control and remediation.
Four different types of eight former relocation enterprise sites in Sichuan area were chosen as the study areas.The surface soil samples and sub-surface soil samples were collected from study areas and the pH values and the concentrations of cadmium(cd),mercury(hg),lead(pb),chromium(cr)and arsenic(As) were analyzed to explore the causes of soil contamination.The degree of contamination and risk level of heavy metals were evaluated with the single factor pollution index,Nemero synthesis index,enrichment index and Hakanson's potential ecological risk index.Results showed the average contents of soil Cd,Hg,Pb,Cr and As in the study areas was 2.50,0.32,549.19,211.73 and 8.73 mg/kg,respectively.Pb content was 7.56 times as much as the risk screening value of first class development land,while Cd content was 210.1 times as much as its background value.Moreover,heavy metals in various sites were significantly affected by soil pH.Acidic conditions could improve the migration of heavy metals and bioavailability,causing the pollution degree of heavy metals in subsurface layer of acidic soil was higher than that of alkaline soil;based on all indexes and site types,the contamination degree was from high to low as follows:chemical plant,battery plant,smelter plant and electroplating plant;the accumulation effect of five heavy metal in soils was significant and Cd and Pb were serious enrichment elements;the soil Cd,Hg and Pb contents of chemical A plant,chemical B plant,smelter B plant and battery A plant were higher,which led to higher potential ecological risk index and severe pollution,and required strict control and remediation.
引文
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[2]莫小荣,吴烈善,邓书庭,等.某冶炼厂拆迁场地土壤重金属污染健康风险评价[J].生态毒理学报,2015,10(4):235-243.
[3]兰敏.土壤中重金属污染的产生及特点[J].世界有色金属,2018(14):260-262.
[4]王婷,常高峰.重金属污染土壤现状与修复技术研究进展[J].环境与发展,2017,29(1):33-36.
[5]吴燕芳.重金属污染土壤的修复技术研究进展及发展前景[J].再生资源与循环经济,2013,6(5):39-42.
[6]赵沁娜.城市土地置换过程中土壤污染风险评价与风险管理研究[D].上海:华东师范大学,2006.
[7]范群杰,徐启新,张明成,等.城市化进程中工业用地置换的生态环境影响探讨[J].世界地理研究,2005,14(4):86-91.
[8]宋卫华,姚靖,王文芳.土壤重金属污染来源、分布及风险评价研究[J].资源节约与环保,2018(10):78-79.
[9]李进军.青岛原工业场地置换土壤重金属污染分析及风险评价[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[10]中国环境监测总站.中国土壤元素背景值[M].中国环境科学出版社,1990:259-269.
[11]HAKANSON L.An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control.A sedimentological approach[J].Water Research,1980,14(8):975-1001.
[12]徐争启,倪师军,庹先国,等.潜在生态危害指数法评价中重金属毒性系数计算[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(2):112-115.
[13]段永惠.污水灌区汞、镉在土壤中的纵向迁移及影响因素研究[J].环境保护,2004(12):35-37.
[14]李昌朕.重金属离子铅在土壤中的纵向迁移规律研究[D].山东理工大学,2014.
[15]李昌联.重金属离子铅在土壤的纵向迁移规律研究[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2014.
[16]陶红群,郭欣,王亚婷,等.典型铅蓄电池场地土壤铅分布特征及生态风险[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(S2):143-148.
[17]谢炜,曾钰茹.城市表层土壤重金属污染风险等级评价[J].数学的实践与认识,2013,43(12):51-57.
[18]刘勇,王成军,刘华,等.铅锌冶炼厂周边重金属的空间分布及生态风险评价[J].环境工程学报,2015,9(1):477-484.
[19]范明毅,杨皓,黄先飞,等.典型山区燃煤型电厂周边土壤重金属形态特征及污染评价[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(8):2425-2436.
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