燕麦富集铯的特点及其抗性
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摘要
为探明金属铯对燕麦(Avena sativa)生长以及抗氧化酶活性的影响,以燕麦为材料,施加不同浓度铯(25、100、500和1 000 mg·kg~(–1))土培处理30 d,研究不同浓度铯处理对燕麦体内铯的富集和分布特征,生长指标以及丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果显示:1)不同浓度铯处理下,燕麦幼苗的根长、株高、生物量随着土壤中金属铯浓度的升高呈现先增加后降低的趋势;2)燕麦的根、茎、叶均能富集金属铯,但富集金属铯的能力在不同器官之间存在显著差异(P <0.05),并表现为叶>根>茎,且不同铯浓度处理下各器官的积累量也存在显著差异,随着处理中金属铯浓度的升高而增加;3)膜脂过氧化产物MDA含量随着铯浓度增加呈现先降低后增加的趋势,而SOD活性在铯浓度25～500 mg·kg–1时与对照无显著性差异(P> 0.05),1 000 mg·kg–1时显著下降。POD和CAT活性均随着铯浓度增加呈现先升高后降低的趋势。研究结果表明,燕麦的根、茎、叶均能积累铯,叶片的富集能力最强。低浓度铯可以诱导燕麦中POD和CAT活性增强,提高其抗胁迫的能力;高浓度铯抑制燕麦的抗氧化酶活性。
To investigate the effects of metallic cesium(Cs) on oat growth and antioxidative enzyme activity, oats(Avena sativa) were used as study material. Treatments of different concentrations of Cs(25, 100, 500, and 1 000 mg·kg~(–1)) were applied to the soil. Oats were cultured in the soil for 30 days to study the enrichment and distribution of Cs in oats treated with different concentrations thereof. The effects on growth index, malondialdehyde(MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) activity were determined. The results showed that: 1) The root length, plant height, and biomass of oat seedlings increased first and then decreased with increasing concentrations of the metal yttrium in soils under different concentrations of Cs; 2) All leaves were able to accumulate Cs, but the ability to accumulate the metal gallium was significantly different among different plant organs and showed the order root > leaf >stem. The accumulation of Cs in different organs differed significantly among different concentrations of Cs. 3) The MDA content firstly decreased and then increased with the Cs concentration in soils. For Cs treatments of 25～500 mg·kg–1, SOD activity did not differ significantly from that of the controls(P > 0.05). However, there was a significant decrease in SOD activity upon treatment with 1 000 mg·kg–1 Cs(P < 0.05). The activities of POD and CAT both increased first and then decreased with the increase in Cs concentration. The results showed that the roots, stems, and leaves of oats could accumulate Cs, and the leaves were most enriched in Cs. Low concentrations of Cs could induce an increase in POD and CAT activity in oats and promote their ability tolerate and resist stress, although high concentrations of Cs inhibit the antioxidant enzyme activities of oats. This study provides a theoretical basis for the physiological and ecological effects of Cs stress on plants.
To investigate the effects of metallic cesium(Cs) on oat growth and antioxidative enzyme activity, oats(Avena sativa) were used as study material. Treatments of different concentrations of Cs(25, 100, 500, and 1 000 mg·kg~(–1)) were applied to the soil. Oats were cultured in the soil for 30 days to study the enrichment and distribution of Cs in oats treated with different concentrations thereof. The effects on growth index, malondialdehyde(MDA) content, and superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), and catalase(CAT) activity were determined. The results showed that: 1) The root length, plant height, and biomass of oat seedlings increased first and then decreased with increasing concentrations of the metal yttrium in soils under different concentrations of Cs; 2) All leaves were able to accumulate Cs, but the ability to accumulate the metal gallium was significantly different among different plant organs and showed the order root > leaf >stem. The accumulation of Cs in different organs differed significantly among different concentrations of Cs. 3) The MDA content firstly decreased and then increased with the Cs concentration in soils. For Cs treatments of 25～500 mg·kg–1, SOD activity did not differ significantly from that of the controls(P > 0.05). However, there was a significant decrease in SOD activity upon treatment with 1 000 mg·kg–1 Cs(P < 0.05). The activities of POD and CAT both increased first and then decreased with the increase in Cs concentration. The results showed that the roots, stems, and leaves of oats could accumulate Cs, and the leaves were most enriched in Cs. Low concentrations of Cs could induce an increase in POD and CAT activity in oats and promote their ability tolerate and resist stress, although high concentrations of Cs inhibit the antioxidant enzyme activities of oats. This study provides a theoretical basis for the physiological and ecological effects of Cs stress on plants.
引文
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[2]李山泉,杨金玲,阮心玲,张甘霖.南京市大气沉降中重金属特征及对土壤环境的影响.中国环境科学,2014, 34(1):22-29.LI S Q, YANG J L, RUAN X L, ZHANG G L. Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals and their impacts on soil environmentin in typical urban areas of Nanjing. China Environmental Science, 2014, 34(1):22-29.
[3]李爽,倪师军,张成江,吴虹霁.铯在土壤中的吸附性能研究.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009, 33(4):425-429.LI S, NI S J, ZHANG C J, WU H J. Sorption properties of cesium in soil. Journal of Chengdu Unviersity of Technology(Science&Technology Edition), 2009, 33(4):425-429.
[4]王耐芬,刘雅琼,王小燕,王继先,陈如松,诸洪达,刘虎生.ICP/MS法测定中国参考人组织样品中痕量钍、铀、铯含量的研究.现代仪器与医疗,2002, 38(1):28-30.WANG N F, LIU Y Q, WANG X Y, WANG J X, CHEN R S, ZHU H D, LIU H S. Determination of trace Th, U, Cs in main organsand tissues for chinese by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Modern instruments and medicine, 2002, 38(1):28-30.
[5]郑洁敏,李红艳,牛天新,唐世荣,陈子元.盆栽条件下三种植物对污染土壤中放射性铯的吸收试验.核农学报,2009, 23(1):123-127.ZHENG J M, LI H Y, NIU T X, TANG S R, CHEN Z Y. Uptake of radiocesium by three plants grown in 134Cs contaminated soil under pot experiment condition. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2009, 23(1):123-127.
[6]赖金龙,付倩,陶宗娅,何娇,罗学刚.3种农作物可食用部分对铯的蓄积特性.食品科学,2016, 37(9):87-91.LAI J L, FU Q, TAO Z Y, HE J, LUO X G. Characteristics of cesium accumulation in edible portion of three crops. Food Science,2016, 37(9):87-91.
[7]卢靖,王颖松,蒋育澄,胡满成,李淑妮.金属铯的生物化学研究进展.稀有金属,2006, 30(5):682-687.LU J, WANG Y S, JIANG Y C, HU M C, LI S N. Progress in biochemical studies on metal cesium. Chinese Journal of Rare Metal,2006, 30(5):682-687.
[8]徐静,唐运来,王建宝,王丹.Cs对菠菜叶片光合作用影响的研究.核农学报,2015, 29(5):986-994.XU J, TANG Y L, WANG J B, WANG D. Study on the effects of cesium on photosynthesis of spinach. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2015, 29(5):986-994.
[9]张玉秀,张红梅,黄智博,李林峰,刘金光,李霞.商陆耐重金属Cd关键酶抗氧化酶的研究.环境科学,2011,32(3):896-900.ZHANG Y X, ZHANG H M, HUANG Z B, LI L F, LIU J G, LI X. Antioxidative enzymes play key roles in cadmium tolerance of phytolacca Americana. Environemental Science, 2011, 32(3):896-900.
[10]亓琳,王庆,王晓凌,赵威,田晓玉.向日葵对锶的富集特征与耐受机制研究.环境科学学报,2017, 37(12):4779-4786.QI L, WANG Q, WANG X L, ZHAO W, TIAN X Y. Strontium accumulation characteristics and tolerance mechanisms in Helianthus annuus L. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2017, 37(12):4779-4786.
[11]李红,唐永金,曾峰.高浓度锶、铯胁迫对植物叶绿素荧光特性的影响.江苏农业科学,2013, 41(9):349-352.LI H, TANG Y J, ZENG F. Effects of high concentrations of strontium and cesium on the chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of plants. Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 41(9):349-352.
[12]张晓雪,王丹,钟钼芝,徐长合,于海蛟,周国辉.鸡冠花(Celosia cristata Linn)对Cs和Sr的胁迫反应及其积累特征.核农学报,2010,24(3):628-633.ZHANG X X, WANG D, ZHONG M Z, XU C H, YU H J, ZHOU G H. Response of Celosia cristata Linn to Cs and Sr stress and their accumulation characteristic. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2010, 24(3):628-633.
[13]骆永明.金属污染土壤的植物修复.土壤,1999, 31(5):261-265.LUO Y M. Phytoremediation of metal contaminated soil. Soil, 1999, 31(5):261-265.
[14]唐秀欢,潘孝兵,杨永青,万俊生.放射性污染植物修复中超富集植物的数值评价.环境科学与技术,2008, 31(5):125-129.TANG X H, PAN X B, YANG Y Q, WAN J S. Numerical assessment of hyperaccumulator for phytoremedation of radionuclide contamination. Environmental Science and Technology, 2008, 31(5):125-129.
[15]李永丽,李欣,李硕,王显海,樊霆,刘云国.东方香蒲(Typha orientalis Presl)对铅的富集特征及其EDTA效应分析.生态环境学报,2005, 14(4):555-558.LI Y L, LI X, LI S, WANG X H, FAN T, LIU Y G. Characteristics of a lead accumulator plant, Typha orientalis Presl. Ecology and Environment, 2005, 14(4):555-558.
[16]韦朝阳,陈同斌.重金属超富集植物及植物修复技术研究进展.生态学报,2001,21(7):1196-1203.WEIC Y, CHEN T B. Hyperaccumulators and phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil:A review of studies in China and abroad. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2001, 21(7):1196-1203.
[17]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法.北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.LU R K. Soil Agricultural Chemical Analysis Method. Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, 2000.
[18] WU F, ZHANG G, DOMINY P. Four barley genotypes respond differently to cadmium:lipid peroxidation and activities of antioxidant capacity. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2003, 50(1):67-78.
[19]聂发辉.关于超富集植物的新理解.生态环境学报,2005, 14(1):136-138.NIE F H. New comprehensions of hyperaccumulator. Ecology and Environment, 2005, 14(1):136-138.
[20]亓琳,杨莹博,王晓凌,赵威.四个燕麦品种对锶耐受性的比较研究.草业学报,2017, 26(12):92-100.QI L, YANG Y B, WANG X L, ZHAO W. Comparative studies on strontium tolerance of four Avena sativa varieties. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(12):92-100.
[21]张利强.水稻重金属镉的吸收、转运和积累特性研究.北京:中国农业科学院硕士学位论文,2012.ZHANG L Q. Absorption, transport and accumulation characteristics of heavy metal cadmium in rice. Master Thesis. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2012.
[22]唐永金,罗学刚,江世杰,曾峰.锶、铯、铀对5种植物种子发芽的影响.种子,2013, 32(4):1-4.TANG Y J, LUO X G, JIANG S J, ZENG F. Influence of strontium, cesium, uranium upon the seed germination of five plants.Seed, 2013, 32(4):1-4.
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