不同小麦品种籽粒灌浆特性及产量研究
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摘要
为了给区域性小麦高产栽培及品种选育提供依据,在大田条件下,选择河南省6个主栽小麦品种,用三次多项式方程对籽粒灌浆特性进行拟合,通过相关性分析探讨籽粒灌浆特征参数与粒质量的关系,并探究不同小麦品种产量及产量构成因素的差异。结果显示:籽粒干物质最终积累量以郑麦0943最高,千粒质量达50.64 g,许科316千粒质量最低,仅为45.02 g;各个品种之间灌浆速率存在差异。不同小麦品种籽粒灌浆过程均呈"S"型变化,但模型参数因品种不同而存在差异。相关分析表明,千粒质量与最大灌浆速率(Vmax)、理论最大粒质量(W)呈显著正相关关系,与平均灌浆速率(V)、有效灌浆持续期(Se)、有效灌浆持续期平均灌浆速率(Vs)间的相关系数亦较高,这表明优化Vmax、W、V、Se、Vs等灌浆特征参数值有利于提高小麦籽粒质量。籽粒产量以豫麦49-198最高,显著高于其他5个小麦品种。提高籽粒产量除有效增加籽粒质量外,还应与穗数、穗粒数相互协调,以实现小麦高产高效。
In order to provide the theoretical support for the cultivation and variety breeding of high-yield wheat in Henan Province,a field experiment with 6 wheat varieties was carried out to analyze the grain filling characteristics and yield of wheat. The cubic polynomial equation was used to fit the grain filling process,the correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between grain weight and grain filling characteristics,and the difference of yield components among these varieties was discussed. The results showed that the 1000-grain weigh of Zhengmai 0943 and Xuke 316 was the highest(50.64 g)and lowest(45.02 g),respectively,among the 6 varieties. The grain filling rates were different among the varieties. The simulated curve of grain filling process presented a "S" shape,whereas the model parameters were different among these varieties. The 1000-grain weight had significant positive correlations with maximum grain filling rate(Vmax)and theoretical maximum grain weight(W),and also had higher positive correlations with the mean grain filling rate(V),effective grain filling period(Se),and mean grain filling rate during the effective grain filling period(Vs). It suggested that the grain weight could be greatly improved by optimizing the grain-filling characteristic parameters,including Vmax,W,V,Se and Vs. The grain yield of Yumai 49-198 was significantly higher than those of other five varieties,indicating that the improvement of grain yield should be in coordination with rational spike number and grain number per spike,in addition to raising the grain weight.
In order to provide the theoretical support for the cultivation and variety breeding of high-yield wheat in Henan Province,a field experiment with 6 wheat varieties was carried out to analyze the grain filling characteristics and yield of wheat. The cubic polynomial equation was used to fit the grain filling process,the correlation analysis was used to explore the relationship between grain weight and grain filling characteristics,and the difference of yield components among these varieties was discussed. The results showed that the 1000-grain weigh of Zhengmai 0943 and Xuke 316 was the highest(50.64 g)and lowest(45.02 g),respectively,among the 6 varieties. The grain filling rates were different among the varieties. The simulated curve of grain filling process presented a "S" shape,whereas the model parameters were different among these varieties. The 1000-grain weight had significant positive correlations with maximum grain filling rate(Vmax)and theoretical maximum grain weight(W),and also had higher positive correlations with the mean grain filling rate(V),effective grain filling period(Se),and mean grain filling rate during the effective grain filling period(Vs). It suggested that the grain weight could be greatly improved by optimizing the grain-filling characteristic parameters,including Vmax,W,V,Se and Vs. The grain yield of Yumai 49-198 was significantly higher than those of other five varieties,indicating that the improvement of grain yield should be in coordination with rational spike number and grain number per spike,in addition to raising the grain weight.
引文
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[2] 冯伟,李晓,郭天财,朱云集.氮用量对不同穗型小麦品种籽粒灌浆及穗部性状的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(4):22-25.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-7601.2005.04.005.Feng W,Li X,Guo T C,Zhu Y J.Effects of nitrogen application levels on grain filling and spike traits of winter wheat cultivars with different spike-types[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2005,23(4):22-25.
[3] 马冬云,郭天财,宋晓,岳艳军,查菲娜.籽粒灌浆特性对小麦磨粉品质的影响及其氮肥调控效应研究[J].华北农学报,2010,25(4):226-230.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2010.04.048Ma D Y,Guo T C,Song X,Yue Y J,Cha F N.Interrelationships among grain filling,milling quality in wheat and nitrogen fertilizer application[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2010,25(4):226-230.
[4] 李世清,邵明安,李紫燕,伍维模,张兴昌.小麦籽粒灌浆特征及影响因素的研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2003,23(11):2031-2039.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4025.2003.11.036.Li S Q,Shao M A,Li Z Y,Wu W M,Zhang X C.Review of characteristics of wheat grain fill and factors to influence it[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2003,23(11):2031-2039.
[5] 马新明,张娟娟,熊淑萍,胡徐来,何建国.氮肥用量对不同品质类型小麦品种籽粒灌浆特征和产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(6):72-77.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1041.2005.06.017.Ma X M,Zhang J J,Xiong S P,Hu X L,He J G.Effect of different amounts of nitrogen application on grain filling and yield of wheat varieties with different qualities[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2005,25(6):72-77.
[6] 车永和,杨燕萍,刘丽红,张吉军.黑小麦籽粒灌浆动态变化研究[J].河南农业科学,2008(11):33-36.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-3268.2008.11.007.Che Y H,Yang Y P,Liu L H,Zhang J J.Dynamic changes of grain filling in black-kernel wheat [J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2008(11):33-36.
[7] Darroch B A,Baker R J.Grain filling in three spring wheat genotypes:statistical analysis[J].Crop Science,1990,30(3):525-529.doi:10.2135/cropsci1990.0011183 X003000030009x.
[8] 丁位华,冯素伟,王丹,孙海丽,李婷婷,茹振钢.不同穗型小麦籽粒灌浆、干物质积累与转运特性及其与产量的关系[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(6):13-17,97.doi:10.15933/j.cnki.1004-3268.2018.06.003.Ding W H,Feng S W,Wang D,Sun H L,Li T T,Ru Z G.Grain filling,dry matter accumulation and transport characteristics of different spike types of wheat and their relationship with yield[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2018,47(6):13-17,97.
[9] 王立国,许民安,鲁晓芳,褚素敏,路继纯,谢令琴.冬小麦子粒灌浆参数与千粒重相关性研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2003,26(3):30-32.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1573.2003.03.008.Wang L G,Xu M A,Lu X F,Chu S M,Lu J C,Xie L Q.Studies on the correlation between parameters of grain filling and 1000-grain weight in wheat[J].Journal of Agricultural University of Hebei,2003,26(3):30-32.
[10] 郭艳艳,段巍巍.不同冬小麦品种籽粒胚乳增殖和灌浆对粒重的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(1):84-89.doi:10.7606/j.issn.1009-1041.2018.01.12.Guo Y Y,Duan W W.Studies on endosperm development and grain filling characteristics in different winter wheat varieties[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2018,38(1):84-89.
[11] 朱灿灿,张宝娜,王翔,张斌,姜玉梅,王同朝,卫丽.河南省不同年代小麦品种籽粒灌浆特性分析[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(4):32-35.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-3268.2014.04.007.Zhu C C,Zhang B N,Wang X,Zhang B,Jiang Y M,Wang T C,Wei L.Analysis of grain filling characteristics of wheat cultivars from different ages in Henan Province[J].Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2014,43(4):32-35.
[12] 韩占江,郜庆炉,吴玉娥,薛香,娄季霞.小麦籽粒灌浆参数变异及与粒重的相关性分析[J].种子,2008,27(6):27-30.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-4705.2008.06.009.Han Z J,Gao Q L,Wu Y E,Xue X,Lou J X.Variation of parameters of grain filling and correlation analysis with grain weight in wheat [J].Seed,2008,27(6):27-30.
[13] 彭慧儒,肖龙.2个小麦品种籽粒灌浆性状的分析[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(3):51-54.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2012.03.011.Peng H R,Xiao L.Analysis of the grain filling traits in two wheat cultivars [J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(3):51-54.
[14] 龚月桦,刘迎洲,高俊凤.K型杂交小麦901及亲本籽粒灌浆的生长分析[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(9):1288-1292.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2004.09.006.Gong Y H,Liu Y Z,Gao J F.Growth analysis on the process of grain filling in hybrid wheat 901 and its parents[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(9):1288-1292.
[15] 周竹青,朱旭彤,王维金.用Richards方程模拟三个典型小麦品种的灌浆过程[J].湖北农业科学,2001(6):26-28.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0439-8114.2001.06.011.Zhou Z Q,Zhu X T,Wang W J.Modelling the filling process of three typical wheat culrivars with Richards equation[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2001(6):26-28.
[16] 李紫燕,李世清,伍维模,邵明安,张兴昌.氮肥对半湿润区不同基因型冬小麦籽粒灌浆特性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(1):75-79.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-9332.2006.01.016.Li Z Y,Li S Q,Wu W M,Shao M A,Zhang X C.Grain-filling characters of different genotype winter wheat under nitrogen fertilization in semi-humid area of south loess plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(1):75-79.
[17] 蔡庆生,吴兆苏.小麦籽粒生长各阶段干物质积累量与粒重的关系[J].南京农业大学学报,1993,16(1):27-32.doi:10.7685/j.issn.1000-2030.1993.01.005.Cai Q S,Wu Z S.The relations of dry mater accumulation of grain growth stages to grain weight in wheat[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,1993,16(1):27-32.
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