多元合金化大断面球墨铸铁组织和性能的分析
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摘要
为了提升大断面球墨铸铁综合力学性能,通过复合添加微量合金元素铜、锑、锡、钼对大断面球墨铸铁进行微合金化处理,借助金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及力学性能测试等手段,研究了Cu-Sb-Sn-Mo复合微合金化大断面球墨铸铁微观组织和力学性能。结果表明,试验球墨铸铁具有良好的综合力学性能。大断面球墨铸铁中添加铜、锑、锡、钼后优化了材料的组织结构,基体组织为珠光体+少量牛眼状铁素体;试样石墨组织细小、圆整,分布均匀。同时,合金元素的复合加入使得其抗拉强度达到800 MPa以上,硬度约为280HB,伸长率达到5%以上。拉伸断口分析表明,微合金化大断面球墨铸铁断裂模式以解理断裂为主,伴有少量的塑性变形。
In order to enhance the comprehensive mechanical properties of heavy section ductile iron,small amounts of alloying elements Cu,Sb,Sn and Mo were added in the production of heavy section ductile iron,and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Cu-Sb-Sn-Mo multicomponent composite micro-alloyed heavy section ductile iron was investigated by means of optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and testing of mechanical properties.The results showed that the multicomponent composite micro-alloyed heavy section ductile iron had a better comprehensive performance.The microstructure of heavy section ductile iron was optimized after adding Cu,Sb,Sn and Mo,the microstructure of ductile iron was composed of pearlite,nodular graphite and a small amount of ferrite,and the graphite ball was fine and round,uniformly distributed in the whole section.Meanwhile,the composite addition of alloying elements resulted in a tensile strength(Rm)of 800 MPa or more,a hardness(HB)of about 280,and an elongation rate(A)of above 5% or more.The analysis results of fracture section suggested that the fracture behavior of the multicomponent composite micro-alloyed heavy section ductile iron was dominated by cleavage fracture along with a small amount of plastic deformation.
In order to enhance the comprehensive mechanical properties of heavy section ductile iron,small amounts of alloying elements Cu,Sb,Sn and Mo were added in the production of heavy section ductile iron,and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Cu-Sb-Sn-Mo multicomponent composite micro-alloyed heavy section ductile iron was investigated by means of optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and testing of mechanical properties.The results showed that the multicomponent composite micro-alloyed heavy section ductile iron had a better comprehensive performance.The microstructure of heavy section ductile iron was optimized after adding Cu,Sb,Sn and Mo,the microstructure of ductile iron was composed of pearlite,nodular graphite and a small amount of ferrite,and the graphite ball was fine and round,uniformly distributed in the whole section.Meanwhile,the composite addition of alloying elements resulted in a tensile strength(Rm)of 800 MPa or more,a hardness(HB)of about 280,and an elongation rate(A)of above 5% or more.The analysis results of fracture section suggested that the fracture behavior of the multicomponent composite micro-alloyed heavy section ductile iron was dominated by cleavage fracture along with a small amount of plastic deformation.
引文
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[26]薛蕊莉,林艳茹,原晓雷.厚大断面球墨铸铁法兰盘的生产[J].现代铸铁,2013(1):32.
[27]姚秀荣.牛眼状铁素体球铁在拉伸断裂中的观察与分析[J].黑龙江冶金,1988(1):17.
[28]郭大展,陆文华.珠光体球墨铸铁断裂过程的动态观察[J].铸造,1990,39(6):9.
[2]陈维平,柳哲,邓宇.大断面球墨铸铁件的应用与研究进展[J].铸造,2011,60(10):967.
[3]傅明康,宋贤发,陈倩慧,等.大型风力发电机组中箱体铸造工艺设计[J].铸造,2017,66(1):16.
[4]CAI Q Z,WEI B K.Recent development of ductile cast iron production technology in China[J].China Foundry,2008(2):82.
[5]Zhang Z,Flower H M,Niu Y Y.Classification of degenerate graphite and its formation processes in heavy section ductile iron[J].Material Science and Technology,1989,5(7):657.
[6]曾大新,何汉军,张元好,等.铸态高强度高伸长率球墨铸铁研究进展[J].铸造,2017,66(1):38.
[7]Fernandino D O,Massone J M,Boeri R E.Characterization of the austemperability of partially austenitized ductile iron[J].Journal of Materials Processing Tech,2013,213(10):1801.
[8]陈忠士,傅高升,蓝敏俐.铸态高强度高韧性合成球铁QT750-5的研制[J].铸造技术,2013,34(5):538.
[9]Cho G S,Choe K H,Lee K W,et al.Effects of alloying elements on the microstructures and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile cast iron[J].Journal of Materials Science and Technology,2007,23(1):97.
[10]陈忠士,邹泽昌,傅高升.铸态高强高韧性QT600-10合成球铁的研制[J].福建工程学院学报,2015,10(4):342.
[11]史传岳,董琪,钟晓斌,等.铸态QT850-5球铁曲轴的试验研究[J].现代铸铁,2014(1):23.
[12]曾维和,田迎新,李德江,等.汽车发动机曲轴用高性能球墨铸铁显微组织与力学性能研究[J].铸造,2016,65(1):71.
[13]李蒙.Mn-Sb合金化对大断面高强度球铁组织性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2016,45(15):88.
[14]谢源甫.加锑、锡的铸态珠光体球铁在曲轴上的应用[J].内燃机工程,1984(1):51.
[15]陈维平,周力威,李文辉,等.二次孕育对大断面球铁组织及性能的影响[J].现代铸铁,2014,34(2):22.
[16]李蒙.低镁球化剂和球化处理温度对球铁组织性能的影响[J].材料热处理学报,2016,37(5):121.
[17]李蒙.球化剂稀土含量对大断面球铁石墨组织及低温冲击韧性的影响[J].钢铁研究学报,2017,29(11):919.
[18]王晖泉,常庆明.合金元素对球铁珠光体稳定性的影响[J].热加工工艺,2014(23):43.
[19]胡勇,饶丽,陈国香.Mn、Cu对球墨铸铁组织性能的影响[J].兵器材料科学与工程,2012,35(4):5.
[20]LI Zhen-hua,LI Yan-xiang.Effect of Sb on the graphite morphology and mechanical properties in heavy section ductile iron[J].Materials Science Forum,2005(5):2769.
[21]张文超.珠光体球铁锡、锑复合处理试验研究[J].热加工工艺,2011,40(7):51.
[22]朱先勇,刘耀辉,于思荣,等.铜-锑合金化对球墨铸铁组织和性能的影响[J].铸造技术,2005,26(12):1165.
[23]杨志超,佘小林,张建新,等.铜、锑及硅含量对厚大断面珠光体球墨铸铁组织和性能的影响[J].机械工程材料,2013,37(4):30.
[24]Bosnjak B,Asanovic V,Radulovic B,et al.Influence of microalloying and heat treatment on the kinetics of bainitic reaction in austempered ductile iron[J].Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance,2001,10(2):203.
[25]Refaey A,Fatahalla N.Effect of microstructure on properties of ADI and low alloyed ductile iron[J].Journal of Materials Science,2003,38(2):351.
[26]薛蕊莉,林艳茹,原晓雷.厚大断面球墨铸铁法兰盘的生产[J].现代铸铁,2013(1):32.
[27]姚秀荣.牛眼状铁素体球铁在拉伸断裂中的观察与分析[J].黑龙江冶金,1988(1):17.
[28]郭大展,陆文华.珠光体球墨铸铁断裂过程的动态观察[J].铸造,1990,39(6):9.