方向元件在光伏电站送出线路中的适应性分析
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摘要
由于电力电子器件的脆弱性和并网逆变器的可控性,光伏电站改变了送出线路的故障电流特征,导致基于常规同步机电源故障特征设计的各类方向元件存在适应性问题。考虑到不同控制目标和故障类型,推导了送出线路光伏电站侧故障电流相量表达式。基于此,给出了不同控制目标下正、负序突变量阻抗角表达式和相量故障分量的相位关系。进而深入分析了有功、无功参考值、控制目标、电压不平衡度等因素对序故障分量方向元件和相量故障分量方向元件动作性能的影响。在PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建光伏电站仿真平台,测试并验证各类因素对方向元件的影响以及传统方向元件适应性问题。
Due to fragility of power electronic devices and controllability of grid-connected inverters, photovoltaic power plants change the fault current characteristics of transmission lines, resulting in adaptability problems for various directional relay based on traditional synchronous power supply fault characteristics. Taking into account different control targets and fault types, the phasor expression of the fault current of PV side in transmission line is derived. Based on the phasor expression of the fault current, the expressions of the positive-and negative-sequence mutation impedance angle and the phase relationship of the phasor fault components under different control targets are deduced. Then the effects of active and reactive power reference, control target, voltage unbalance degree and other factors on the performance of the direction relay based on sequence fault components and the direction relay based on phasor fault components are studied deeply. In PSCAD/EMTDC, a photovoltaic power plant simulation platform is built to test and validate the influence of various factors on the directional relays and adaptability problems of traditional directional relay.
Due to fragility of power electronic devices and controllability of grid-connected inverters, photovoltaic power plants change the fault current characteristics of transmission lines, resulting in adaptability problems for various directional relay based on traditional synchronous power supply fault characteristics. Taking into account different control targets and fault types, the phasor expression of the fault current of PV side in transmission line is derived. Based on the phasor expression of the fault current, the expressions of the positive-and negative-sequence mutation impedance angle and the phase relationship of the phasor fault components under different control targets are deduced. Then the effects of active and reactive power reference, control target, voltage unbalance degree and other factors on the performance of the direction relay based on sequence fault components and the direction relay based on phasor fault components are studied deeply. In PSCAD/EMTDC, a photovoltaic power plant simulation platform is built to test and validate the influence of various factors on the directional relays and adaptability problems of traditional directional relay.
引文
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[13]贾科,顾晨杰,毕天姝,等.大型光伏电站汇集系统的故障特性及其线路保护[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(9):189-198.Jia Ke,Gu Chenjie,Bi Tianshu,et al.Fault characteristics and line protection within the collection system of a large-scale photovoltaic power plant[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(9):189-198(in Chinese).
[14]梁营玉,杨奇逊,刘建政,等.电网电压不平衡时MMC-HVDC的无差拍直接功率控制[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(15):15-25.Liang Yingyu,Yang Qixun,Liu Jianzheng,et al.Deadbeat direct power control for MMC-HVDC under unbalanced grid voltages[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(15):15-25(in Chinese).
[15]贺家李,李永丽,董新洲,等.电力系统继电保护原理[M].5版.北京:中国电力出版社,2018:199-217.
[2]Baran M E,El-Markaby I.Fault analysis on distribution feeders with distributed generators[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(4):1757-1764.
[3]Nagpal M,Henville C.Impact of power electronic sources on transmission line ground fault protection[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2018,33(1):62-70.
[4]刘幸蔚,李永丽.逆变电源T接电网后对纵差保护的影响及准入容量分析[J].电网技术,2016,40(5):1595-1600.Liu Xinwei,Li Yongli.Effect of IIDG connected to grid as a teed line on longitudinal differential protection and maximum penetration capacity[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(5):1595-1600(in Chinese).
[5]Wei W,Zhang L,Gao B,et al.Frequency inconsistency in DFIG-based wind farm during outgoing transmission line faults and its effect on longitudinal differential protection[C]//IEEE,International Conference on Cyber Technology in Automation,Control,and Intelligent Systems.Hong Kong,IEEE,2014:25-30.
[6]古斌,谭建成.基于瞬时功率理论的新型功率方向元件[J].电工技术学报,2010,25(2):177-182.Gu Bin,Tan Jiancheng.A study of the novel power direction relay based on the instantaneous power theory[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2010,25(2):177-182(in Chinese).
[7]张惠智,李永丽,陈晓龙,等.具有低电压穿越能力的光伏电源接入配电网方向元件新判据[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(12):106-112.Zhang Huizhi,Li Yongli,Chen Xiaolong,et al.New criteria of directional component in distribution network with photovoltaic generator of low voltage ride through capability[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(12):106-112(in Chinese).
[8]黄涛,陆于平,蔡超.DFIG等效序突变量阻抗相角特征对故障分量方向元件的影响分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2016,36(14):3929-3939.Huang Tao,Lu Yuping,Cai Chao.Analysis of phase angle characteristics of DFIG equivalent sequence superimposed impedances and its impact on fault components based direction relay[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2016,36(14):3929-3939(in Chinese).
[9]李彦宾,贾科,毕天姝,等.逆变型电源对故障分量方向元件的影响机理研究[J].电网技术,2017,41(10):3230-3236.Li Yanbin,Jia Ke,Bi Tianshu,et al.Influence mechanism of inverter-interfaced renewable energy generators on fault component based directional relay[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(10):3230-3236(in Chinese).
[10]黄涛,陆于平,凌启程,等.适应于双馈风电场的改进故障序分量选相方法[J].电力自动化设备,2016,36(4):123-128.Huang Tao,Lu Yuping,Ling Qicheng,et al.Improved fault-sequence component phase selector applied to DFIG-based wind farm[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2016,36(4):123-128(in Chinese).
[11]王晨清,宋国兵,汤海雁,等.选相及方向元件在风电接入系统中的适应性分析[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(1):89-95.Wang Chenqing,Song Guobing,Tang Haiyan,et al.Adaptability analysis of phase selectors and directional relays in power systems integrated with wind farms[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(1):89-95(in Chinese).
[12]孔令国,蔡国伟,大规模并网光伏电站的逆变器控制方法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2013,41(22):57-63.Kong Lingguo,Cai Guowei.Research on control method of inverters for large-scale grid-connected photovoltaic power system[J].Power System Protection&Control,2013,41(22):57-63(in Chinese).
[13]贾科,顾晨杰,毕天姝,等.大型光伏电站汇集系统的故障特性及其线路保护[J].电工技术学报,2017,32(9):189-198.Jia Ke,Gu Chenjie,Bi Tianshu,et al.Fault characteristics and line protection within the collection system of a large-scale photovoltaic power plant[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2017,32(9):189-198(in Chinese).
[14]梁营玉,杨奇逊,刘建政,等.电网电压不平衡时MMC-HVDC的无差拍直接功率控制[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(15):15-25.Liang Yingyu,Yang Qixun,Liu Jianzheng,et al.Deadbeat direct power control for MMC-HVDC under unbalanced grid voltages[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(15):15-25(in Chinese).
[15]贺家李,李永丽,董新洲,等.电力系统继电保护原理[M].5版.北京:中国电力出版社,2018:199-217.