土体的充气阻渗试验
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摘要
针对降雨诱发滑坡的作用机理,提出一种边坡充气截排水方法.考虑气压作用,进行一维土柱积水入渗试验,分别开展自然入渗和充气入渗2个过程的模拟,观测湿润锋面的推进过程,进行土柱不同深度容积含水量的实时监测.在考虑气压对容积含水量和湿润锋推进影响的基础上,建立充气阻渗效果的评价方法.试验结果表明:向土体中充气能够显著减缓湿润锋面的推进速度;在充气条件下,气压可以使土体维持一定的容积含水量梯度;对于试验模型,充气气压为10kPa条件下,入渗20min时,土壤入渗率约为自然入渗的1/2.
This paper presents a method to cutoff or drain underground water by inflating air into slope according to the landslide induction principle by rainfall.The natural infiltration and air-inflation infiltration were simulated by a laboratorial ponding infiltration test considering the influence of air pressure.The development of wet front was observed and the volumetric moisture content of different depths was investigated in the test.Subsequently,a method for the evaluation of seepage barrier effect by air-inflation was developed considering the air pressure effects on the wet front and volumetric moisture content.The results indicate that the air-inflation in soil significantly decreases the rate of wet front development.The air pressure can keep the volumetric moisture content gradient in the soil in the case of air-inflation.In the present study,the air-inflation infiltration rate is around 1/2of the natural inflation infiltration rate after 20minutes infiltration under the air pressure of 10kPa.
This paper presents a method to cutoff or drain underground water by inflating air into slope according to the landslide induction principle by rainfall.The natural infiltration and air-inflation infiltration were simulated by a laboratorial ponding infiltration test considering the influence of air pressure.The development of wet front was observed and the volumetric moisture content of different depths was investigated in the test.Subsequently,a method for the evaluation of seepage barrier effect by air-inflation was developed considering the air pressure effects on the wet front and volumetric moisture content.The results indicate that the air-inflation in soil significantly decreases the rate of wet front development.The air pressure can keep the volumetric moisture content gradient in the soil in the case of air-inflation.In the present study,the air-inflation infiltration rate is around 1/2of the natural inflation infiltration rate after 20minutes infiltration under the air pressure of 10kPa.
引文
[1]魏丽敏,何群,林镇洪.考虑地下水影响的滑坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2004,25(3):422-426.WEI Li-min,HE Qun,LIN Zhen-hong.Stability analysis of landslide under influence of groundwater[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(3):422-426.
[2]殷坤龙,汪洋,唐仲华.降雨对滑坡的作用机理及动态模拟研究[J].地质科技情报,2002,21(1):75-78.YIN Kun-long,WANG Yang,TANG Zhong-hua.Mechanism and dynamic simulation of landslide by precipitation[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2002,21(1):75-78.
[3]孙冬梅,冯平,张明进.考虑气相作用的降雨入渗对非饱和土坡稳定性的影响[J].天津大学学报,2009,42(9):777-778.SUN Dong-mei,FENG Ping,ZHANG Ming-jin.Refined analysis of stability of unsaturated soil slope due to rainfall infiltration considering the effect of gas phase[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2009,42(9):777-778.
[4]刘才华,陈从新,冯夏庭,等.地下水对库岸边坡稳定性的影响[J].岩土力学,2005,26(3):419-422.LIU Cai-hua,CHEN Cong-xin,FENG Xia-ting,et al.Effect of groundwater on stability of slopes at reservoir bank[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(3):419-422.
[5]唐海行,苏逸深,刘炳敖.土壤包气带中气体对入渗水流运动影响的实验研究[J].水科学进展,1995,6(4):263-268.TANG Yi-xing,SU Yi-shen,LIU Bing-ao.Laboratory study for influence of air on the infiltration[J].Advances in Water Science,1995,6(4):263-268.
[6]沈铁元,彭涛,殷志远,等.包气带气压计算及其影响入渗的模拟[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2012,6(2):8-18.SHEN Tie-yuan,PENG Tao,YIN Zhi-yuan,et al.Air pressure in the Vadose-Zone calculation and its impact on infiltration simulation[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2012,6(2):8-12.
[7]李援农,林性粹.均质土壤积水入渗的气阻变化规律及其影响[J]土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1997,3(3):88-93.LI Yuan-nong,LIN Xing-cui.Regularlty of the soil airresistance change and its influences under water-accumulated infiltration in the homogenou soil[J].Journal of Soil Erosion and Water Conserwation,1997,3(3):88-93.
[8]李援农.土壤入渗中气相对水流运动影响的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究.2002,20,(1):81-82.LI Yuan-nong.Effects of air-phase on waterflow in infiltration[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2002,20(1):81-82.
[9]李援农,刘书榜.土壤入渗气液两相流的变化过程[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2002,30(6):177-180.LI Yuan-nong,LIU Shu-bang.Changes of two soil phases in the process of infiltration[J]Jour.of Northwest Sci-Tech Univ.of Agri.and For.(Nat.Sci.Ed),2002,30(6):177-180.
[10]王建新,王恩志,王思敬.降雨自由入渗阶段试验研究及其过程的水势描述[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2010,50(12):1920-1924.WANG Jian-xin,WANG En-zhi,WANG Si-jing.Potential description of rainfall free infiltration phase[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2010,50(12):1920-1924.
[11]梁爱民,邵龙潭.土壤中空气对土结构和入渗过程的影响[J].水科学进展,2009,20(4):503-505.LIANG Ai-min,SHAO Long-tan.Experimetal study of the air entrapment effects on soil structure andinfiltration[J].Advances in Water Science,2009,20(4):503-505.
[12]张华,吴争光.封闭气泡对一维积水入渗影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增2):132-137.ZHANG Hua,WU Zheng-guang.Experimental study on the effect of entrapped air on one-dimensional ponded water infiltration[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(S0):132-137.
[13]GREEN W H,AMPT G A.Studies on soil physics Part I:The flow of air and water though soil[J].Journal of Agricultural Sciences,1911,4(1):1-24.
[14]GRISMER M E,MN ORANG,V CLAUSNITZER,et al、Effects of air compression and counterflow on infiltration into soils[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1994,120:775-795.
[15]MOREL-SEYTOUX H J,KHANJI J.Derivation of equation of infiltration[J].Water Resources Research,1974,10:795-800
[2]殷坤龙,汪洋,唐仲华.降雨对滑坡的作用机理及动态模拟研究[J].地质科技情报,2002,21(1):75-78.YIN Kun-long,WANG Yang,TANG Zhong-hua.Mechanism and dynamic simulation of landslide by precipitation[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2002,21(1):75-78.
[3]孙冬梅,冯平,张明进.考虑气相作用的降雨入渗对非饱和土坡稳定性的影响[J].天津大学学报,2009,42(9):777-778.SUN Dong-mei,FENG Ping,ZHANG Ming-jin.Refined analysis of stability of unsaturated soil slope due to rainfall infiltration considering the effect of gas phase[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2009,42(9):777-778.
[4]刘才华,陈从新,冯夏庭,等.地下水对库岸边坡稳定性的影响[J].岩土力学,2005,26(3):419-422.LIU Cai-hua,CHEN Cong-xin,FENG Xia-ting,et al.Effect of groundwater on stability of slopes at reservoir bank[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(3):419-422.
[5]唐海行,苏逸深,刘炳敖.土壤包气带中气体对入渗水流运动影响的实验研究[J].水科学进展,1995,6(4):263-268.TANG Yi-xing,SU Yi-shen,LIU Bing-ao.Laboratory study for influence of air on the infiltration[J].Advances in Water Science,1995,6(4):263-268.
[6]沈铁元,彭涛,殷志远,等.包气带气压计算及其影响入渗的模拟[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,2012,6(2):8-18.SHEN Tie-yuan,PENG Tao,YIN Zhi-yuan,et al.Air pressure in the Vadose-Zone calculation and its impact on infiltration simulation[J].Desert and Oasis Meteorology,2012,6(2):8-12.
[7]李援农,林性粹.均质土壤积水入渗的气阻变化规律及其影响[J]土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1997,3(3):88-93.LI Yuan-nong,LIN Xing-cui.Regularlty of the soil airresistance change and its influences under water-accumulated infiltration in the homogenou soil[J].Journal of Soil Erosion and Water Conserwation,1997,3(3):88-93.
[8]李援农.土壤入渗中气相对水流运动影响的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究.2002,20,(1):81-82.LI Yuan-nong.Effects of air-phase on waterflow in infiltration[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2002,20(1):81-82.
[9]李援农,刘书榜.土壤入渗气液两相流的变化过程[J].西北农林科技大学学报,2002,30(6):177-180.LI Yuan-nong,LIU Shu-bang.Changes of two soil phases in the process of infiltration[J]Jour.of Northwest Sci-Tech Univ.of Agri.and For.(Nat.Sci.Ed),2002,30(6):177-180.
[10]王建新,王恩志,王思敬.降雨自由入渗阶段试验研究及其过程的水势描述[J].清华大学学报:自然科学版,2010,50(12):1920-1924.WANG Jian-xin,WANG En-zhi,WANG Si-jing.Potential description of rainfall free infiltration phase[J].Journal of Tsinghua University:Science and Technology,2010,50(12):1920-1924.
[11]梁爱民,邵龙潭.土壤中空气对土结构和入渗过程的影响[J].水科学进展,2009,20(4):503-505.LIANG Ai-min,SHAO Long-tan.Experimetal study of the air entrapment effects on soil structure andinfiltration[J].Advances in Water Science,2009,20(4):503-505.
[12]张华,吴争光.封闭气泡对一维积水入渗影响的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(增2):132-137.ZHANG Hua,WU Zheng-guang.Experimental study on the effect of entrapped air on one-dimensional ponded water infiltration[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(S0):132-137.
[13]GREEN W H,AMPT G A.Studies on soil physics Part I:The flow of air and water though soil[J].Journal of Agricultural Sciences,1911,4(1):1-24.
[14]GRISMER M E,MN ORANG,V CLAUSNITZER,et al、Effects of air compression and counterflow on infiltration into soils[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1994,120:775-795.
[15]MOREL-SEYTOUX H J,KHANJI J.Derivation of equation of infiltration[J].Water Resources Research,1974,10:795-800
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