基于雷达回波的贵阳地区对流性降水特征分析
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摘要
为了深入理解贵阳地区对流性降水的时空分布特征,本文利用贵州省贵阳站2014—2016年5—8月CINRAD/CD回波资料,首先挑选出符合对流性降水回波特征的551个样本,然后从对流性降水的回波形态、发生频次、位置、日变化、生命史以及大尺度环境场六个方面进行统计与分析。结果表明:对流性降水回波形态可分为单体型、线状型和区域型,其中线状型接近50%,是贵阳地区最常见的对流组织形式;与线状型和区域型相比,单体型对流生命史最短且局地性特征明显;超过七成对流性降水发生在西南涡或西南气流存在的天气背景下;对流多发生在贵阳市西南和东南面,而北面最少;对流初始时刻存在午后和午夜两个峰值区。最后,还以三类对流性降水过程为例,对比分析其生消过程、降水范围和强度等特点。
Using the radar data of CINRAD/CD in Guiyang,Guizhou Province,in the period from May to August in 2014-2016,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of convective precipitation in Guiyang area were analyzed.First,551 cases of convective precipitation echoes were selected,and then the echoes were statistically analyzed from six aspects of morphological characteristics,occurrence frequency,location,diurnal variation,duration and large-scale background conditions.The results showed that the convective precipitation echoes can be classified into cell type,linear and regional type,of which the linear type is about 50%,being the most common form of convection organization in Guiyang area.Compared to the linear and regional types,the convective duration of cell type is the shortest and has obviously local characteristics.More than 70% of convective precipitation events occur under the southwest vortex or southwest airflow weather condition.Convective precipitation often occurs in the southwest and southeast of Guiyang and rarely in the north.Convective initiation time has two peaks in the afternoon and around midnight,respectively.Finally,three representative convective precipitation events were carefully examined in terms of lifetime,coverage and intensity of precipitation.
Using the radar data of CINRAD/CD in Guiyang,Guizhou Province,in the period from May to August in 2014-2016,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of convective precipitation in Guiyang area were analyzed.First,551 cases of convective precipitation echoes were selected,and then the echoes were statistically analyzed from six aspects of morphological characteristics,occurrence frequency,location,diurnal variation,duration and large-scale background conditions.The results showed that the convective precipitation echoes can be classified into cell type,linear and regional type,of which the linear type is about 50%,being the most common form of convection organization in Guiyang area.Compared to the linear and regional types,the convective duration of cell type is the shortest and has obviously local characteristics.More than 70% of convective precipitation events occur under the southwest vortex or southwest airflow weather condition.Convective precipitation often occurs in the southwest and southeast of Guiyang and rarely in the north.Convective initiation time has two peaks in the afternoon and around midnight,respectively.Finally,three representative convective precipitation events were carefully examined in terms of lifetime,coverage and intensity of precipitation.
引文
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陈明轩,王迎春,高峰,等,2014.雷达气候研究进展及其在城市区域强天气临近预报中的应用[J].气象科技进展,4(5):30-41.
高翠翠,李昀英,寇雄伟,等,2017.中国东部暖季对流云与层状云的比例及与降水的对应关系[J].大气科学,41(3):490-500.
李少英,张述文,毛伏平,等,2017.采用不同样本集合同化地面观测对一次飑线过程的影响[J].大气科学,41(2):236-250.
卢瑞荆,樊兰峰,2010.1961—2008年贵州暴雨时空分布特征[J].沙漠与绿洲气象,4(3):17-21.
杨静,杜小玲,齐大鹏,等,2015.云贵高原东段山地MCC的普查和降水特征[J].高原气象,34(5):1249-1260.
杨秀庄,杜小玲,吴古会,等,2016.云贵高原东段初夏辐合线锋生型暴雨研究[J].高原气象,35(4):920-933.
喻谦花,郑士林,吴蓁,等,2016.局部大暴雨形成的机理与中尺度分析[J].气象,42(6):686-695.
俞小鼎,2011.强对流天气的多普勒天气雷达探测和预警[J].气象科技进展,1(3):31-41.
岳治国,牛生杰,梁谷,2008.陕西渭北中尺度对流系统组织模型及灾害分析[J].南京气象学院学报,31(3):395-402.
张琪,任景轩,肖递祥,等,2017.“5·6”四川盆地对流云团特征及触发机制[J].气象,43(12):1487-1495.
周明飞,杜小玲,熊伟,2014.贵州初夏两次暖区暴雨的对比分析[J].气象,40(2):186-195.
周淑玲,王科,杨成芳,等,2016.一次基于综合探测资料的山东半岛冷流暴雪特征分析[J].气象,42(10):1213-1222.
Bluestein H B,2013.Severe Convective Storms and Tornadoes:Observations and Dynamics[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer.
Chen Xingchao,Zhao Kun,Xue Ming,2014.Spatial and temporal characteristics of warm season convection over Pearl River Delta region,China,based on 3 years of operational radar data[J].J Geophys Res,119(22):12447-12465.
Chen Xingchao,Zhao Kun,Xue Ming,et al,2015.Radar-observed diurnal cycle and propagation of convection over the Pearl River Delta during Mei-Yu season[J].J Geophys Res,120(24):12557-12575.
Dixon M,Wiener G,1993.TITAN:thunderstorm identification,tracking,analysis,and nowcasting-A radar-based methodology[J].J Atmos Oceanic Technol,10(6):785-797.
Fabry F,Meunier V,Treserras B P,et al,2017.On the climatological use of radar data mosaics:possibilities and challenges[J].Bull Amer Meteor Soc,98(10):2135-2148.
He Zhiwei,Zhang Qinghong,Sun Jun,2016.The contribution of mesoscale convective systems to intense hourly precipitation events during the warm seasons over central East China[J].Adv Atmos Sci,33(11):1233-1239.
Hoskins B J,Bretherton F P,1972.Atmospheric frontogenesis models:mathematical formulation and solution[J].J Atmos Sci,29(1):11-37.
Jirak I L,Cotton W R,McAnelly R L,2003.Satellite and radar survey of mesoscale convective system development[J].Mon Wea Rev,131(10):2428-2449.
Mapes B E,Warner T T,Xu Mei,et al,2003.Diurnal patterns of rainfall in northwestern South America.Part I:observations and context[J].Mon Wea Rev,131(5):799-812.
Parker M D,Johnson R H,2000.Organizational modes of midlatitude mesoscale convective systems[J].Mon Wea Rev,128(10):3413-3436.
Romatschke U,Medina S,Houze R A Jr,2010.Regional,seasonal,and diurnal variations of extreme convection in the South Asian region[J].J Climate,23(2):419-439.
Steiner M,Houze R A Jr,Yuter S E,1995.Climatological characterization of three-dimensional storm structure from operational radar and rain gauge data[J].J Appl Meteor,34(9):1978-2007.
Weckwerth T M,Parsons D B,2006.A review of convection initiation and motivation for IHOP_2002[J].Mon Wea Rev,134(1):5-22.