围栏封育对退化灌丛草地群落土壤特性和植被的影响
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摘要
以雅鲁藏布江中游半干旱河谷山地灌丛草地群落为研究对象,采用野外调查和室内试验结合的方法,研究了围栏封育对灌丛草地植被及土壤养分含量的影响,以期为有效修复雅鲁藏布江中游河谷山地植被退化提供科学参考。结果表明:围栏封育3年土壤有机质、全磷、速效磷、速效钾含量均高于围栏外,土壤表层(0～10cm)养分含量增加显著(P<0.05),随着土壤深度的增加,土壤养分含量与围栏外逐渐趋于一致,至30～40cm到达相同水平;围栏封育后灌丛草地群落高度和产量显著增加(P<0.05),分别比围栏外增加了74%和101%,高度、产量增加主要是由禾本科和莎草科引起;围栏封育对群落组成和物种重要值产生不同程度的影响,主要表现为生物多样性增加,禾本科、莎草科等适口性好的物种重要值增加,杂草类不可食物种重要值相对下降;Rarefaction曲线法结果显示,围栏内物种多样性大于围栏外,与传统多样性指数方法结果一致。
The shrub-grass communities in the semiarid Yarlung Zangbo River valley were used as the research object,the effects of enclosure on vegetation and soil porperties of shrub-grass communities were studied by field investigation and laboratory experiments.In order to provide reference for the restoration and treatment of mountainous vegetation degeneration.The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the fence were obviously increased after three years compared with the outside the fence,and their differences in soil layer of 0-10 cm in depth were significant(P<0.05).With the increase of soil depth,the soil nutrient contents were gradually consistent with outside the fence,reaching the same level at 30-40 cm.The shrub-grass vegetation height and biomass of the fenced were obviously increased(P<0.05),with an increase rate of 74% and 101% respectively,due especially to the increase of the height and biomass of Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants.The community composition structure and important values of plant species were changed by the fence,indicating that the fence increased plant diversity and the important value of palatable Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants and decreased the important values of some unpalatable weedy plants.The results of rarefaction curve showed that the species diversity inside the fence was higher than outside the fence,which was consistent with the result of traditional diversity index method.
The shrub-grass communities in the semiarid Yarlung Zangbo River valley were used as the research object,the effects of enclosure on vegetation and soil porperties of shrub-grass communities were studied by field investigation and laboratory experiments.In order to provide reference for the restoration and treatment of mountainous vegetation degeneration.The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the fence were obviously increased after three years compared with the outside the fence,and their differences in soil layer of 0-10 cm in depth were significant(P<0.05).With the increase of soil depth,the soil nutrient contents were gradually consistent with outside the fence,reaching the same level at 30-40 cm.The shrub-grass vegetation height and biomass of the fenced were obviously increased(P<0.05),with an increase rate of 74% and 101% respectively,due especially to the increase of the height and biomass of Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants.The community composition structure and important values of plant species were changed by the fence,indicating that the fence increased plant diversity and the important value of palatable Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants and decreased the important values of some unpalatable weedy plants.The results of rarefaction curve showed that the species diversity inside the fence was higher than outside the fence,which was consistent with the result of traditional diversity index method.
引文
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[12]左万庆,王玉辉,王风玉,等.围栏封育措施对退化羊草草原植物群落特征影响研究[J].草业学报,2009,18(3):12-19.
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[14]罗亚勇,赵学勇,左小安,等.放牧与封育对沙质草地植被特征及其空间异质性的影响[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(1):118-124.
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[16]赵盼盼,李国旗,邵文山,等.围封对荒漠草原区沙芦草群落土壤种子库及地上植被的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(1):42-52.
[17]李军保,董强,吐尔逊娜依·热依木江,等.围封对伊犁河谷春秋草地土壤种子库的影响[J].草原与草坪,2015,35(3):27-31.
[18]李海东,沈渭寿,赵卫,等.1957—2007年雅鲁藏布江中游河谷降水变化的小波分析[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(4):1-7.
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[20]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.
[21]张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[22]黄冰.浅谈稀疏标准化方法(Rarefaction)及其在群落多样性研究中的应用[J].古生物学报,2012,51(2):200-208.
[23]张文军.生态学研究方法[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2007:154-158.
[24]黄冰,DAVID A T H,ΦYVIND H.定量古生物学软件PAST及其常用功能[J].古生物学报,2013,52(2):161-181.
[25]杨倩,王娓,曾辉.氮添加对内蒙古退化草地植物群落多样性和生物量的影响[J].植物生态学报,2018,42(4):430-441.
[26]何春光,崔丽娟,盛连喜,等.向海湿地自然保护区鸟类多样性评价方法的比较研究[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(6):858-864.
[2]方精云,沈泽昊,唐志尧,等.“中国山地植物物种多样性调查计划”及若干技术规范[J].生物多样性,2004,12(1):5-9.
[3]邵伟,蔡晓布.西藏高原草地退化及其成因分析[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):112-116.
[4]张宪洲,王小丹,高清竹,等.开展高寒退化生态系统恢复与重建技术研究,助力西藏生态安全屏障保护与建设[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7083-7087.
[5]刘凤婵,李红丽,董智,等.封育对退化草原植被恢复及土壤理化性质影响的研究进展[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(5):116-122.
[6]苗仁辉,蒋德明,王永翠.科尔沁沙质草地封育过程中的植被变化及其机制[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(2):264-270.
[7]曹成有,邵建飞,蒋德明,等.围栏封育对重度退化草地土壤养分和生物活性的影响[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(3):427-430,451.
[8]罗冬,王明玖,郑少龙,等.围封对荒漠草原土壤微生物数量及其酶活性的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(5):760-767.
[9]李军保,朱进忠,吐尔逊娜依·热依木江,等.围栏封育对昭苏马场春秋草场植被恢复的影响[J].草原与草坪,2007(6):45-48.
[10]马存平,王海鹰,李军保,等.封育对昭苏马场春秋草场土壤理化性质的影响[J].安徽农学通报,2009,15(14):77-80.
[11]刘建,张克斌,程中秋,等.围栏封育对沙化草地植被及土壤特性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(4):180-184.
[12]左万庆,王玉辉,王风玉,等.围栏封育措施对退化羊草草原植物群落特征影响研究[J].草业学报,2009,18(3):12-19.
[13]刘雪明,聂学敏.围栏封育对高寒草地植被数量特征的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(1):112-116.
[14]罗亚勇,赵学勇,左小安,等.放牧与封育对沙质草地植被特征及其空间异质性的影响[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(1):118-124.
[15]刘秀梅,李小锋.围栏封育对新疆山地退化草原植物群落特征的影响[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(5):1077-1082.
[16]赵盼盼,李国旗,邵文山,等.围封对荒漠草原区沙芦草群落土壤种子库及地上植被的影响[J].草业学报,2018,27(1):42-52.
[17]李军保,董强,吐尔逊娜依·热依木江,等.围封对伊犁河谷春秋草地土壤种子库的影响[J].草原与草坪,2015,35(3):27-31.
[18]李海东,沈渭寿,赵卫,等.1957—2007年雅鲁藏布江中游河谷降水变化的小波分析[J].气象与环境学报,2010,26(4):1-7.
[19]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20]马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰ:α多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.
[21]张金屯.数量生态学[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[22]黄冰.浅谈稀疏标准化方法(Rarefaction)及其在群落多样性研究中的应用[J].古生物学报,2012,51(2):200-208.
[23]张文军.生态学研究方法[M].广州:中山大学出版社,2007:154-158.
[24]黄冰,DAVID A T H,ΦYVIND H.定量古生物学软件PAST及其常用功能[J].古生物学报,2013,52(2):161-181.
[25]杨倩,王娓,曾辉.氮添加对内蒙古退化草地植物群落多样性和生物量的影响[J].植物生态学报,2018,42(4):430-441.
[26]何春光,崔丽娟,盛连喜,等.向海湿地自然保护区鸟类多样性评价方法的比较研究[J].干旱区地理,2007,30(6):858-864.