小江流域不同岩性风化物颗粒级配特征实验研究
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摘要
松散固体物质的颗粒级配决定着它的结构和连接特征,影响着其力学性质,是影响泥石流起动的决定因素之一。以中国泥石流极为发育的小江流域为研究区,采集流域上、中、下游5个流域、9种岩石类型的48个随高程变化的风化产物样品及5个典型泥石流沟的堆积样品,采用筛析和激光粒度分析相结合的方法对各样品进行颗粒分析。选择与泥石流起动、运动密切相关的d_(50),C_u,C_c及粘粒含量4个指标构建指标体系,系统分析了各类岩性对于各项指标的差异规律,结果表明,对于各项指标,各类岩性风化物均差异显著,且随指标不同,其级配特征差异规律显著不同;5个典型流域泥石流堆积物在各项级配特征指标上均具有较好的一致性。d_(50),C_u,C_c及粘粒含量所构建的指标体系能较为客观、系统、合理的反应各风化产物的物理性质,可为基于风化物颗粒级配特征的泥石流对岩性的敏感性研究提供帮助。
As response characteristics to structures and interlinkages of weathered products with different properites,particle distribution influences the mechanical property of weathering products. It is one of the most important influence factor upon the initiation of debris flow. In this paper,taking Xiaojiang basin which debris flow developed well as the study area,collecting 48 samples weathering products which will change with different elevations in 9 kinds of rocks in 5 debris flow valleys in upper,middle and lower reaches of Xiaojiang ravine and 5 samples of debris flow deposition,particle distribution characteristic of each sample has been analyzed by using sieve analysis and laser particle size analysis method. Seclecting four indicators,such as d50,Cu,Ccand Clay content which have close relation with debris flow starting and moving,the index system has been constructed,and the difference laws of particle distribution characteristic upon each indicator has been systematically analyzed. It is indicated that as to each indicator,there are significant differences in weathering products in different rocks,and difference laws are significant different varying with different indicators. In addition,to each indicator,there are good consistency lying in particle distribution characteristics of debris flow deposits of 5 debris flow valleys in Xiaojiang ravine. It also indicates that the index system,which consists of d50,Cu,Ccand Clay content,can systematically,objectively and reasonably reflect the particle distribution characteristics of weathering products. It may be helpful for susceptibility analysis of debris flow to rocks based on particle distribution characteristics of their weathering products.
As response characteristics to structures and interlinkages of weathered products with different properites,particle distribution influences the mechanical property of weathering products. It is one of the most important influence factor upon the initiation of debris flow. In this paper,taking Xiaojiang basin which debris flow developed well as the study area,collecting 48 samples weathering products which will change with different elevations in 9 kinds of rocks in 5 debris flow valleys in upper,middle and lower reaches of Xiaojiang ravine and 5 samples of debris flow deposition,particle distribution characteristic of each sample has been analyzed by using sieve analysis and laser particle size analysis method. Seclecting four indicators,such as d50,Cu,Ccand Clay content which have close relation with debris flow starting and moving,the index system has been constructed,and the difference laws of particle distribution characteristic upon each indicator has been systematically analyzed. It is indicated that as to each indicator,there are significant differences in weathering products in different rocks,and difference laws are significant different varying with different indicators. In addition,to each indicator,there are good consistency lying in particle distribution characteristics of debris flow deposits of 5 debris flow valleys in Xiaojiang ravine. It also indicates that the index system,which consists of d50,Cu,Ccand Clay content,can systematically,objectively and reasonably reflect the particle distribution characteristics of weathering products. It may be helpful for susceptibility analysis of debris flow to rocks based on particle distribution characteristics of their weathering products.
引文
[1]康志成,马蔼乃.中国泥石流研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[2]崔鹏.泥石流起动条件及机理的实验研究[J].科学通报,1991(21):1650-1652.
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[4]王欢,陈廷方,丁明涛.泥石流对岩性的敏感性分析及其在危险性评价中的应用[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(3):385-390.
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[7]王裕宜,邹仁元,刘柚峰.泥石流启动与渗透系数的相关研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1997,3(4):76-82.
[8]邹英,陈忠,王继华,等.土坡降雨入渗影响因子模拟实验[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2016,(1):104-107.
[9]贺拿,陈宁生,朱云华,等.泥石流源区砾石土分形特征及其与渗透系数关系试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,35(9):2544-2588.
[10]饶锡保,何晓明.粗粒含量对砾石土工程地质性质的影响[J].长江科学院院报,1999,(1):21-25.
[11]朱颖彦,崔鹏,陈晓清.泥石流堆积体边坡失稳机理的试验与稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,(21):3927-3934.
[12]谢贤健,韦方强,张继,等.基于投影寻踪模型的滑坡危险性等级评价[J].地球科学,2015,12(3):598-1506.
[13]韦方强,刘淑珍,范建蓉,等.小江流域生态环境灾害与治理对策[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(4):109-114.
[14]邱成贵,张桂林,王东平,等.山东曹县地区土壤地球化学特征[J].山东国土资源,2016,32(5):48-51.
[15]水利部.土工试验规程(SL237-1999)[M].北京:水利出版社,1999:212-213.
[16]王雪琼,曲万隆.层次分析法在区域地质灾害危险性评估中的应用[J].山东国土资源,2016,32(6):80-83.
[17]张海燕.山东泗水县地质灾害区划与防治规划[J].山东国土资源,2016,32(6):56-61.
[18]Tung-Chueng Chang.Application of back-propagation networks in debris flow prediction[J].Engineering Geology,2006,(85):270-280.
[19]朱崇辉,刘俊明,王增红.粗粒土的颗粒级配对渗透系数的影响规律研究[J].人民黄河,2005,(12):79-81.
[20]魏进兵,邓建辉,谭国焕,等.泄滩滑坡碎块石土饱和与非饱和水力学参数的现场试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(2):327-335.
[2]崔鹏.泥石流起动条件及机理的实验研究[J].科学通报,1991(21):1650-1652.
[3]Emmanuel J.Gabet,Simon M.Mudd.The mobilization of debris flows from shallow landslide[J].Geomorphology,2006,180(8):162-174.
[4]王欢,陈廷方,丁明涛.泥石流对岩性的敏感性分析及其在危险性评价中的应用[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(3):385-390.
[5]陈晓清.滑坡转化泥石流起动机理试验研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2006:67-75.
[6]Iverson,R.M.,et al.Acute Susceptibility of landslide rates to initial soil porosity[J].Science,2000,(290):513–516.
[7]王裕宜,邹仁元,刘柚峰.泥石流启动与渗透系数的相关研究[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1997,3(4):76-82.
[8]邹英,陈忠,王继华,等.土坡降雨入渗影响因子模拟实验[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2016,(1):104-107.
[9]贺拿,陈宁生,朱云华,等.泥石流源区砾石土分形特征及其与渗透系数关系试验研究[J].岩土力学,2016,35(9):2544-2588.
[10]饶锡保,何晓明.粗粒含量对砾石土工程地质性质的影响[J].长江科学院院报,1999,(1):21-25.
[11]朱颖彦,崔鹏,陈晓清.泥石流堆积体边坡失稳机理的试验与稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,(21):3927-3934.
[12]谢贤健,韦方强,张继,等.基于投影寻踪模型的滑坡危险性等级评价[J].地球科学,2015,12(3):598-1506.
[13]韦方强,刘淑珍,范建蓉,等.小江流域生态环境灾害与治理对策[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(4):109-114.
[14]邱成贵,张桂林,王东平,等.山东曹县地区土壤地球化学特征[J].山东国土资源,2016,32(5):48-51.
[15]水利部.土工试验规程(SL237-1999)[M].北京:水利出版社,1999:212-213.
[16]王雪琼,曲万隆.层次分析法在区域地质灾害危险性评估中的应用[J].山东国土资源,2016,32(6):80-83.
[17]张海燕.山东泗水县地质灾害区划与防治规划[J].山东国土资源,2016,32(6):56-61.
[18]Tung-Chueng Chang.Application of back-propagation networks in debris flow prediction[J].Engineering Geology,2006,(85):270-280.
[19]朱崇辉,刘俊明,王增红.粗粒土的颗粒级配对渗透系数的影响规律研究[J].人民黄河,2005,(12):79-81.
[20]魏进兵,邓建辉,谭国焕,等.泄滩滑坡碎块石土饱和与非饱和水力学参数的现场试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(2):327-335.