三峡水库对长江中下游河流水文情势影响评估
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摘要
运用Mann-Kendall法分析长江中下游河流水文变化特征,并应用生态水文指标变动范围法(RVA)综合分析了三峡水库蓄水对长江中下游河流生态水文指标改变程度及其生态效应。研究结果表明,1952年～2014年长江中下游年均流量呈现减少趋势,其中宜昌水文站减少趋势显著;长江中下游宜昌、汉口和大通水文站整体水文改变度属于中度改变,其中宜昌站和汉口站的整体水文改变度分别为61%和63%,接近于高度改变;三峡水库蓄水引起长江中下游河流水文情势发生了较大改变。
The change characteristics of hydrological regime in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River after the impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir are evaluated by using Mann-Kendall statistical test,while the hydrologic regime alteration degree and ecological effect of Three Gorges Reservoir are also analyzed by range of variability approach( RVA). The results show that,( a) the annual average flow of Yangtze River has shown a decreasing trend during 1952 to 2014,in which,the flow in Yichang Gauge Station has an obvious decreasing degree; and( b) the overall degree of hydrological alternation of Yichang,Hankou and Datong gauge stations belongs to moderate alternation,in which,the alternation degrees of Yichang and Hankou gauge stations are 61% and 63% respectively. The impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir has caused a major alternation of flow regime in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.
The change characteristics of hydrological regime in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River after the impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir are evaluated by using Mann-Kendall statistical test,while the hydrologic regime alteration degree and ecological effect of Three Gorges Reservoir are also analyzed by range of variability approach( RVA). The results show that,( a) the annual average flow of Yangtze River has shown a decreasing trend during 1952 to 2014,in which,the flow in Yichang Gauge Station has an obvious decreasing degree; and( b) the overall degree of hydrological alternation of Yichang,Hankou and Datong gauge stations belongs to moderate alternation,in which,the alternation degrees of Yichang and Hankou gauge stations are 61% and 63% respectively. The impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir has caused a major alternation of flow regime in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.
引文
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[2]RICHTER B D,MATHEWS R,HARRISON D L,et al.Ecologically sustainable water management:managing river flows for ecological integr ity[J].Ecological Applications,2002,13(1):206-224.
[3]RICHTER B D,BAUMGARTNER J V,POWELL J,et al.A method for assessing hydrologic alteration within ecosystems[J].Conservation Biology,1996,10(4):1163-1174.
[4]RICHTER B D,BAUMGARTNER J V,WIGINGTON R,et al.How much water does a river need?[J].Freshwater Biology,1997,37(1):231-249.
[5]RICHTER B D,BAUMGARTNER J V,BRAUN D P,et al.A spatial assessment of hydrologic alteration within a river network[J].Regulated River:Research and Management,1998,14(4):329-340.
[6]陈启慧,郝振纯,夏自强,等.葛洲坝对长江径流过程的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2006,15(4):522-526.
[7]郭文献,夏自强,王乾.丹江口水库对汉江中下游水文情势的影响[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,2008,36(6):733-737.
[8]YANG Z F,YAN Y,LIU Q.Assessment of the flow regime alterations in the Lower Yellow River,China[J].Ecological Informatics,2012,10:56-64.
[9]TAYLOR V,SCHULZE R,JEWITT G.Application of the indicators of hydrological alteration method to the Mkomazi River,KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa[J].African Journal of Aquatic Science,2003,28(1):1-11.
[10]SHIAU J T,WU F C.Feasible diversion and instream flow release using range of variability approach[J].Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management,2004,130(5):395-404.
[11]长江水利委员会.三峡工程生态环境影响研究[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,1997.
[12]KAHYA E,KALAYCI S.Trend analysis of streamflow in Turkey[J].Journal of Hydrology,2004,289(1-4):128-144.
[13]BURN D H,HAG ELNUR M A.Detection of hydrologic trends and variability[J].Journal of Hydrology,2002,255(1-4):107-122.
[14]李景保,罗中海,叶亚亚,等.三峡水库运行对长江荆南三口水文和生态的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(4):1285-1293.
[15]杨桂山,朱春全,蒋志刚.长江保护与发展报告2009[M].武汉:长江文艺出版社,2009.