2001—2017年天津市铸工尘肺流行病学特征
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摘要
目的分析2001—2017年天津市铸工尘肺报告病例的流行病学特征,为制定铸工尘肺防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集2001—2017年天津市报告的铸工尘肺病例资料进行整理与描述性流行病学分析。结果 17年间天津市共报告铸工尘肺病例1 393例,其中新发病例1 283例,占92.10%,晋期病例和死亡病例分别为49和61例;病例报告地区集中在市内6区,新发病例数总体呈现上升趋势,以I期病例为主,占99.69%;开始接尘年份集中在1970—1989年,占62.04%,开始接尘年龄中位数(M)为19.01岁,接尘工龄M为26.75年,诊断年龄M为57.55岁,接尘工龄、诊断年龄在不同报告年份和不同开始接尘年份间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),开始接尘年龄呈上升趋势,接尘工龄呈下降趋势,诊断年龄随报告年份呈上升趋势,随开始接尘年份呈下降趋势;发病行业集中在通用设备制造业和专用设备制造业,工种呈现多样化。结论天津市应采取有效措施预防铸工尘肺发病例数增加和接尘工龄缩短的趋势,加强铸工尘肺作业企业粉尘治理和铸工尘肺作业人群的职业健康监护,继续做好铸工尘肺的诊断工作,有效地预防和控制铸工尘肺的发生。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reported foundry worker′s pneumoconiosis cases in Tianjin from 2001 to 2017, and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies of foundry worker′s pneumoconiosis. Methods Data of foundry worker′s pneumoconiosis cases reported in Tianjin from 2001 to 2017 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results In 2001 to 2017, 1 393 foundry pneumoconiosis cases were reported in Tianjin, of which 1 283 cases were newly diagnosed, accounting for 92.10% of the total cases, and 49 cases were in promoting period and 61 cases were death, respectively. Case reporting areas were concentrated in 6 districts of the city, and the number of new cases showed an overall upward trend(P<0.01). Phase I cases accounted for 99.69%. The years of dust exposure were concentrated in 1970-1989, accounting for 62.04%. The median age of dust exposure(M) was 19.01 years, the median duration of dust exposure was 26.75 years, and the diagnostic age was 57.55 years. There were significant differences in dust exposure duration and diagnostic age between different reporting years and different starting years(P<0.01). The age at the beginning of dust exposure was on the rise, and the working age at the beginning of dust exposure was on the decline. The diagnostic age was on the rise with the reporting year, and on the decline with the beginning of dust exposure year. Most cases were distributed in general equipment manufacturing industry and special equipment manufacturing industry. The work types of these cases were diversified. Conclusion Measures should be taken to prevent the trend of increasing incidence of foundry worker′s pneumoconiosis in Tianjin. It is important to strengthen the dust control of foundry industry and improve occupational health monitoring of foundry workers and diagnosis of foundry worker′s pneumoconiosis, to effectively prevent and control the occurrence of foundry worker′s pneumoconiosis.
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reported foundry worker′s pneumoconiosis cases in Tianjin from 2001 to 2017, and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies of foundry worker′s pneumoconiosis. Methods Data of foundry worker′s pneumoconiosis cases reported in Tianjin from 2001 to 2017 were collected. Descriptive epidemiological analysis method was used to analyze the data. Results In 2001 to 2017, 1 393 foundry pneumoconiosis cases were reported in Tianjin, of which 1 283 cases were newly diagnosed, accounting for 92.10% of the total cases, and 49 cases were in promoting period and 61 cases were death, respectively. Case reporting areas were concentrated in 6 districts of the city, and the number of new cases showed an overall upward trend(P<0.01). Phase I cases accounted for 99.69%. The years of dust exposure were concentrated in 1970-1989, accounting for 62.04%. The median age of dust exposure(M) was 19.01 years, the median duration of dust exposure was 26.75 years, and the diagnostic age was 57.55 years. There were significant differences in dust exposure duration and diagnostic age between different reporting years and different starting years(P<0.01). The age at the beginning of dust exposure was on the rise, and the working age at the beginning of dust exposure was on the decline. The diagnostic age was on the rise with the reporting year, and on the decline with the beginning of dust exposure year. Most cases were distributed in general equipment manufacturing industry and special equipment manufacturing industry. The work types of these cases were diversified. Conclusion Measures should be taken to prevent the trend of increasing incidence of foundry worker′s pneumoconiosis in Tianjin. It is important to strengthen the dust control of foundry industry and improve occupational health monitoring of foundry workers and diagnosis of foundry worker′s pneumoconiosis, to effectively prevent and control the occurrence of foundry worker′s pneumoconiosis.
引文
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[ 9 ] 周启良,姚丹成,聂四平.2001-2010年贵州省职业病发病情况[J].职业与健康,2015,31(23):3217-3220.
[10] 孙伟,耿敬东,谢峰,等.宁夏地区2006-2014年新发尘肺病例发病特征分析[J].中国卫生统计,2016,33(3):485-486,488.
[11] 王丹,张敏.中国2010年报告尘肺病发表情况分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2012,30(11):801-810.
[12] 张建中,陈发明,周峰.长沙市铸造业尘肺发病趋势流行病学研究[J].职业与健康,2014,30(10):1312-1315.
[13] 王丹,张敏,郑迎东.中国煤工尘肺发病水平的估算[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2013,31(1):24-29.
[ 2 ] 缪荣明,房中华,陈刚,等.中医制剂治疗铸工尘肺的临床观察[J].中国城乡企业卫生,2018,206(12):156-157.
[ 3 ] 黄英,明小燕,张艳丽.351例农民工尘肺病发病情况及尘肺病患者健康管理的对策[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2015,26(4):98-100.
[ 4 ] 刘静,唐慧晶,田丽萍,等.天津市2001-2015年新发尘肺病发病特征分析[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(4):218-220.
[ 5 ] 叶孟良,王永义,王润华.重庆市尘肺病疾病负担研究[J].现代预防医学,2011,38(5):840-842.
[ 6 ] 张建中,陈发明,周峰.长沙市铸造业尘肺发病趋势流行病学研究[J].职业与健康,2014,30(10):1312-1315.
[ 7 ] 王林超,王瑞,魏杨州,等.铸造粉尘对肺功能影响的研究[J].中国辐射卫生,2008,17(1):88-89.
[ 8 ] 张建中,陈发明,周峰.长沙市尘肺病分布现状及发病规律流行病学研究[J].实用预防医学,2011,18(10):1843 -1847.
[ 9 ] 周启良,姚丹成,聂四平.2001-2010年贵州省职业病发病情况[J].职业与健康,2015,31(23):3217-3220.
[10] 孙伟,耿敬东,谢峰,等.宁夏地区2006-2014年新发尘肺病例发病特征分析[J].中国卫生统计,2016,33(3):485-486,488.
[11] 王丹,张敏.中国2010年报告尘肺病发表情况分析[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2012,30(11):801-810.
[12] 张建中,陈发明,周峰.长沙市铸造业尘肺发病趋势流行病学研究[J].职业与健康,2014,30(10):1312-1315.
[13] 王丹,张敏,郑迎东.中国煤工尘肺发病水平的估算[J].中华劳动卫生职业病杂志,2013,31(1):24-29.
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