芍药品种间杂交亲和性及种子破眠方法研究
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摘要
以16个芍药品种为父本与芍药‘粉玉奴’为母本进行定向杂交,研究其杂交亲和性,并以隔年和当年种子为材料对种子休眠的解除进行研究。结果表明:不同杂交组合的亲和性不同,父本为‘红羽球’‘粉面桃花’‘西施粉’‘蓝田飘香’4个杂交组合的亲和性表现最佳,种子结实率为4粒/朵以上;父本为‘老来红’的杂交组合亲和性最差,种子结实率为1.91粒/朵,其余杂交组合均介于两者之间。不同杂交组合的种子生根率也不同,父本为‘西施粉’的杂交组合种子生根率最高,达到54.00%;父本为‘乌龙探海’的杂交组合种子生根率最低,仅为17.39%。通过破除种子下胚轴和上胚轴休眠的试验发现,用质量浓度为100 mg/L GA_3处理的当年种子更有利于解除下胚轴休眠,生根率最高,为65.33%;低温30 d+300 mg/L GA_3浸泡4 h处理的种子更有利于打破上胚轴休眠,发芽率最高,为76.67%。
The 16 cultivars of Paeonia lactiflora were used as male parent and ‘Fenyunu' as the female parent to study the hybridization compatibility. The seeds of the current year and the seeds of the last year as the material, the seed dormancy was studied in the paper. The results showed that the compatibility of different hybrid combinations were different. The hybrid combinations of the four species of ‘Hongyuqiu', ‘Fenmiantaohua', ‘Xishifen' and ‘Lantianpiaoxiang' as male parents, it had higher compatibility, which its seed setting was more than four seeds per flower. The combination of ‘Laolaihong' as male parent, it was poor and the rate of seed-setting was only 1.91 seeds per flower, the other hybrid combinations had a setting between of them. The rooting rates of different hybrid combinations of seeds were also different. ‘Xishifen' as male parent, it had highest rate of seed germination of 54.00% and the lowest rate of seed germination was only 17.39%, with hybrid combination of ‘Wulongtanhai' as the male parent. By breaking seed dormancy of epicotyl and hypocotyl test found that 100 mg/L GA_3 treatment was more conducive to breaking hypocotyl dormancy of seeds, which had the highest rooting rate of 65.33%. The treatment of 30 d+300 mg/L GA_3 was more conducive to breaking the epicotyl dormancy, its germination rate was as high as 76.67%.
The 16 cultivars of Paeonia lactiflora were used as male parent and ‘Fenyunu' as the female parent to study the hybridization compatibility. The seeds of the current year and the seeds of the last year as the material, the seed dormancy was studied in the paper. The results showed that the compatibility of different hybrid combinations were different. The hybrid combinations of the four species of ‘Hongyuqiu', ‘Fenmiantaohua', ‘Xishifen' and ‘Lantianpiaoxiang' as male parents, it had higher compatibility, which its seed setting was more than four seeds per flower. The combination of ‘Laolaihong' as male parent, it was poor and the rate of seed-setting was only 1.91 seeds per flower, the other hybrid combinations had a setting between of them. The rooting rates of different hybrid combinations of seeds were also different. ‘Xishifen' as male parent, it had highest rate of seed germination of 54.00% and the lowest rate of seed germination was only 17.39%, with hybrid combination of ‘Wulongtanhai' as the male parent. By breaking seed dormancy of epicotyl and hypocotyl test found that 100 mg/L GA_3 treatment was more conducive to breaking hypocotyl dormancy of seeds, which had the highest rooting rate of 65.33%. The treatment of 30 d+300 mg/L GA_3 was more conducive to breaking the epicotyl dormancy, its germination rate was as high as 76.67%.
引文
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[17]郭丽萍,张延龙,牛立新,等.凤丹种子休眠特性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,34(4):165-169.GUO L P,ZHANG Y L,NIU L X,et al.Dormancy properties of Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,34(4):165-169.
[18]袁燕波,于晓南.外源GA3与低温处理对芍药种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2014,41(2):273-277.YUAN Y B,YU X N.Effects of exogenous GA3and chilling treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of Paeonia lactiflora[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2014,41(2):273-277.
[19]林松明,徐迎春,蔡志仁,等.打破凤丹种子上胚轴休眠的研究[J].江苏农业科学,2006(1):84-86.LIN S M,XU Y CH,CAI ZH R,et al.Study on breaking the dormancy of epicotyl of‘Fengdan’seed[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2006(1):84-86.
[2]王莲英,袁涛,王福,等.中国芍药科野生种迁地保护与新品种培育[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2013:20-22.WANG L Y,YUAN T,WANG F,et al.Conservation of Wild Species of Chinese Paeonia lactiflora and Cultivation of New Species[M].Beijing:China Forestry Press,2013:20-22.
[3]宋焕芝,于晓南,沈苗苗.芍药属植物种子双重休眠特性与破眠技术研究进展[J].种子,2011,30(3):67-70.SONG H ZH,YU X N,SHEN M M.Advances on seed double dormancy of Paeonia and dormancy breaking techniques[J].Seed,2011,30(3):67-70.
[4]苏光瑞,刘建斌.丁香杂交育种研究[J].安徽农业科学,2010,38(2):1099-1101.SU G R,LIU J B.Preliminary report on the technique of cross breeding of Syringa[J].Anhui Agricultural Science,2010,38(2):1099-1101.
[5]鲍平秋,丁艳丽,张雷.月季杂交育种研究[J].中国园林,2009,25(8):97-99.BAO P Q,DING Y L,ZHANG L.Study on the hybridization of rose[J].Chinese Garden,2009,25(8):97-99.
[6]杨利平.百合杂交育种技术手段研究进展[J].北方园艺,2016(15):190-193.YANG L P.Research progress of lily hybrid and breeding techniques[J].Northern Horticulture,2016(15):190-193.
[7]牛田,张林,王厚新,等.国兰育种研究进展[J].山东农业科学,2013,45(7):129-132.NIU T,ZHANG L,WANG H X,et al.Progress in breeding of Guolan[J].Shandong Agricultural Science,2013,45(7):129-132.
[8]MARTIN P.The Gardener’S Guide to Growing Peonies[M].Portland:Timber Press,Inc,1997:152-154.
[9]肖佳佳.芍药属杂交亲和性及杂种败育研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010.XIAO J J.Study on the cross compatibility and hybrid abortion of Paeonia[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2010.
[10]韩丽晓.芍药属杂交育种及杂交后代鉴定的研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2012.HAN L X.Study on hybrid breeding and cross progeny identification of Paeonia[D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2012.
[11]刘建鑫,杨柳慧,魏冬霞,等.芍药属组内组间杂交及部分后代核型分析与SSR鉴定[J].北京林业大学学报,2017,39(4):72-78.LIU J X,YANG L H,WEI D X,et al.Intra-group hybridization of Paeonia group and analysis of some progeny karyotype and SSR identification[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2017,39(4):72-78.
[12]宋春花.芍药杂交亲和性的细胞学研究[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2011.SONG CH H.Cytological study of peony hybrid compatibility[D].Tai’an Shandong:Shandong Agricultural University,2011.
[13]李嘉珏.中国牡丹与芍药[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1999:153-155.LI J J.Chinese Peony and Peony[M].Beijing:China Forestry Press,1999:153-155.
[14]侯祥云.芍药早花杂交育种的初步研究[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2013.HOU X Y.Preliminary study on cross breeding of Paeonia lactiflora[D].Tai’an Shandong:Shandong Agricultural University,2013.
[15]孙晓梅,张萌萌,高昊丹,等.芍药种皮特性的研究[J].北方园艺,2012(6):55-57.SUN X M,ZHANG M M,GAO H D,et al.Study on characteristic for seed coat of Paeonia lactiflora[J].North Horticulture,2012(6):55-57.
[16]孙晓梅,杨盼盼,杨宏光,等.芍药种子破除休眠方法研究[J].辽宁农业科学,2013(4):20-22.SUN X M,YANG P P,YANG H G,et al.Study on methods of breaking dormancy of Paeonia lactiflora seeds[J].Liaoning Agricultural Science,2013(4):20-22.
[17]郭丽萍,张延龙,牛立新,等.凤丹种子休眠特性研究[J].西北林学院学报,2016,34(4):165-169.GUO L P,ZHANG Y L,NIU L X,et al.Dormancy properties of Paeonia ostii‘Fengdan’[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2016,34(4):165-169.
[18]袁燕波,于晓南.外源GA3与低温处理对芍药种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2014,41(2):273-277.YUAN Y B,YU X N.Effects of exogenous GA3and chilling treatments on seed germination and seedling growth of Paeonia lactiflora[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2014,41(2):273-277.
[19]林松明,徐迎春,蔡志仁,等.打破凤丹种子上胚轴休眠的研究[J].江苏农业科学,2006(1):84-86.LIN S M,XU Y CH,CAI ZH R,et al.Study on breaking the dormancy of epicotyl of‘Fengdan’seed[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Science,2006(1):84-86.