山茶油碱催化水解工艺研究
|
摘要
以山茶油为原料,通过气相色谱对其脂肪酸组成和相对含量进行研究,发现山茶油脂肪酸组成和相对含量(质量分数)是:棕榈酸占8. 43%、硬脂酸占2. 34%、油酸80. 01%、亚油酸8. 46%、亚麻酸0. 61%和花生烯酸0. 15%.采用碱催化法对山茶油进行水解,考察了KOH用量、油水比、醇油比、反应温度以及反应时间对山茶油水解的影响,根据单因素实验和正交试验得出山茶油最佳的水解工艺为:KOH质量比取1. 1,油水比取2∶1,醇油比取2∶1,反应温度60℃,反应时间90 min,此时产物酸值每g KOH为204. 89 mg,对产物进行气相分析,发现其脂肪酸的相对含量与未水解的成品山茶油相差不大.
Using Camellia oil as raw material,the fatty acid composition and relative content of Camellia oil were studied by gas chromatography. It was found that the fatty acid composition and relative content of Camellia oil were 8. 43% for palmitic acid、2. 34% for stearic acid、80. 01% for oleic acid.、linoleic acid 8. 46%、linolenic acid 0. 61% and arachidonic acid 0. 15%. The effects of KOH dosage,oil-water ratio,alcohol-oil ratio,reaction temperature and reaction time on the hydrolysis of Camellia oil were investigated by alkali catalysis method. According to single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,the optimum hydrolysis process of Camellia oil was obtained as follows: KOH equivalent 1. 1,oil-water ratio 2 ∶ 1,alcohol-oil ratio 2 ∶ 1,reaction temperature 60℃,reaction time 90 min,the product acid value was 204. 89 mg KOH·g~(-1). Gas phase analysis of the product showed that the relative content of fatty acids was not much different from the unhydrolyzed Camellia oil.
Using Camellia oil as raw material,the fatty acid composition and relative content of Camellia oil were studied by gas chromatography. It was found that the fatty acid composition and relative content of Camellia oil were 8. 43% for palmitic acid、2. 34% for stearic acid、80. 01% for oleic acid.、linoleic acid 8. 46%、linolenic acid 0. 61% and arachidonic acid 0. 15%. The effects of KOH dosage,oil-water ratio,alcohol-oil ratio,reaction temperature and reaction time on the hydrolysis of Camellia oil were investigated by alkali catalysis method. According to single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,the optimum hydrolysis process of Camellia oil was obtained as follows: KOH equivalent 1. 1,oil-water ratio 2 ∶ 1,alcohol-oil ratio 2 ∶ 1,reaction temperature 60℃,reaction time 90 min,the product acid value was 204. 89 mg KOH·g~(-1). Gas phase analysis of the product showed that the relative content of fatty acids was not much different from the unhydrolyzed Camellia oil.
引文
[1]毛方华,王鸿飞,周明亮.山茶油的功能特性[J].食品科技,2010,35(1):181-185.
[2]姜伟,王东军,金书含,等.山茶油理化特性及综合利用研究[J].精细石油化工进展,2018,19(5):43-46.
[3]ZHU M T,SHI T,CHEN Y,et al.Prediction of fatty acid composition in camellia oil by 1H NMR combined with PLSregression[J].Food Chemistry,2019,279(1):339-346.
[4]GUO N,TONG T,REN N,et al.Saponins from seeds of genus camellia:phytochemistry and bio-activity[J].Phytochemistry,2018,149(2):42-55.
[5]LIAU B C,CHEN J H,LEE M R,et al.Development of pressurized hot water extraction for five-flavonoid glycosides from defatted Camellia oleifera seeds(byproducts)[J].Industrial Crops&Products,2017,95(1):296-304.
[6]CAI H J,BAI Y,WEI H,et al.Effects of tea saponin on growth and development,nutritional indic-ators,and hormone titers in diamondback moths feeding on different host plant species[J].Pestic Biochem Physiol,2016,131:53-59.
[7]ZENG F K,BO Y,WANG Y H,et al.Enzymatic production of monoacylglycerols with camellia oil by the glycerolysis reaction[J].Am Oil Chem Soc,2010,87(5):531-537.
[8]SHI T,ZHU M T,ZHOU X Y,et al.1H NMR combined with PLS for the rapid determination of squalene and sterols in vegetable oils[J].Food Chemistry,2019,287(1):46-54.
[9]BRACA A,SORTINO C,POLITI M,et al.Antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Licania licaniae-flora[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2002,79(3):379-381.
[10]MONTORO P,BRACA A,PIZZA C,et al.Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids isolated from different plant species[J].Food Chemistry,2005,92(2):349-355.
[11]曹蒙,缪恒锋,赵明星,等.脂肪酶强化水解餐厨油脂促进厌氧消化[J].食品与生物技术学报,2018,37(9):977-986.
[12]江传欢.脂肪酶底物特异性改造及其在油脂水解中的应用[D].无锡:江南大学,2018.
[13]翁晓辉,王敏,杜红方,等.棕榈油体外酶解的研究[J].广东饲料,2015,24(3):25-27.
[14]张玲玲,王晖.棕榈油的酸催化水解工艺研究[J].中国油脂,2015,40(8):64-67.
[15]范子昌.油脂高压连续水解工艺[J].山东化工,2013,42(2):111-112.
[16]吕微,蒋剑春,徐俊明.植物油脂水解工艺及不饱和脂肪酸组成研究[J].食品工业科技,2011,32(9):76-79.
[17]刘玉兰.油脂制取与加工工艺学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:151-155.
[18]吴明一.尿素包合法纯化不饱和脂肪酸的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[19]何文东,陈文麟.油脂化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012:180-183.
[2]姜伟,王东军,金书含,等.山茶油理化特性及综合利用研究[J].精细石油化工进展,2018,19(5):43-46.
[3]ZHU M T,SHI T,CHEN Y,et al.Prediction of fatty acid composition in camellia oil by 1H NMR combined with PLSregression[J].Food Chemistry,2019,279(1):339-346.
[4]GUO N,TONG T,REN N,et al.Saponins from seeds of genus camellia:phytochemistry and bio-activity[J].Phytochemistry,2018,149(2):42-55.
[5]LIAU B C,CHEN J H,LEE M R,et al.Development of pressurized hot water extraction for five-flavonoid glycosides from defatted Camellia oleifera seeds(byproducts)[J].Industrial Crops&Products,2017,95(1):296-304.
[6]CAI H J,BAI Y,WEI H,et al.Effects of tea saponin on growth and development,nutritional indic-ators,and hormone titers in diamondback moths feeding on different host plant species[J].Pestic Biochem Physiol,2016,131:53-59.
[7]ZENG F K,BO Y,WANG Y H,et al.Enzymatic production of monoacylglycerols with camellia oil by the glycerolysis reaction[J].Am Oil Chem Soc,2010,87(5):531-537.
[8]SHI T,ZHU M T,ZHOU X Y,et al.1H NMR combined with PLS for the rapid determination of squalene and sterols in vegetable oils[J].Food Chemistry,2019,287(1):46-54.
[9]BRACA A,SORTINO C,POLITI M,et al.Antioxidant activity of flavonoids from Licania licaniae-flora[J].Journal of Ethnopharmacology,2002,79(3):379-381.
[10]MONTORO P,BRACA A,PIZZA C,et al.Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids isolated from different plant species[J].Food Chemistry,2005,92(2):349-355.
[11]曹蒙,缪恒锋,赵明星,等.脂肪酶强化水解餐厨油脂促进厌氧消化[J].食品与生物技术学报,2018,37(9):977-986.
[12]江传欢.脂肪酶底物特异性改造及其在油脂水解中的应用[D].无锡:江南大学,2018.
[13]翁晓辉,王敏,杜红方,等.棕榈油体外酶解的研究[J].广东饲料,2015,24(3):25-27.
[14]张玲玲,王晖.棕榈油的酸催化水解工艺研究[J].中国油脂,2015,40(8):64-67.
[15]范子昌.油脂高压连续水解工艺[J].山东化工,2013,42(2):111-112.
[16]吕微,蒋剑春,徐俊明.植物油脂水解工艺及不饱和脂肪酸组成研究[J].食品工业科技,2011,32(9):76-79.
[17]刘玉兰.油脂制取与加工工艺学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003:151-155.
[18]吴明一.尿素包合法纯化不饱和脂肪酸的研究[D].天津:天津大学,2007.
[19]何文东,陈文麟.油脂化学[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2012:180-183.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |