古岩溶地貌恢复及地质意义——以川西北中二叠统茅口组为例
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摘要
在沉积与构造综合分析的基础上,利用残厚法对川西北中二叠统茅口组顶部古岩溶地貌进行恢复。区内古岩溶地貌为溶丘平原特征,可划分为岩溶台地、岩溶斜坡和岩溶沟槽3个二级岩溶地貌单元。岩溶台地上的溶丘、残丘与岩溶斜坡为最有利的岩溶储集岩发育区,是下一步勘探部署的有利地区。地震剖面显示剥蚀作用导致岩溶沟槽的茅口组顶部地层缺失,岩溶沟槽地层多剥蚀至茅三段或茅二段。岩溶台地地层保存有茅三段或茅四段。横跨岩溶台地和岩溶沟槽的地震剖面显示,北西和北东向侵蚀槽是中二叠世末期基底断裂活动导致的地层差异抬升与侵蚀所致,继承性发展形成了长兴组沉积期北西向的广元—旺苍和北东向的江油—广元海槽。建议重视那些与较深水台洼、台槽毗邻的浅水型碳酸盐台地发育区的地质研究与勘探。
Based on the analysis of deposition and tectonism,"residual thickness method" is used to restore the paleokarst landform of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in northwestern Sichuan Basin.With the feature of plain with karst hilllock,the paleokarst landform in this area can be classified into three secondary geomorphic units,karst platform,karst slope and karst groove,in which the karst hillocks and monadnocks on karst platform and karst slope are the favorable zones for the development of karst reservoirs,and favorable exploration zones in the next step.Furthermore,in the karst grooves,the Maokou Formation are often denuded into Members Mao 3 or Mao 2,and the seismic profiles show the top of Maokou Formation in karst groove is missing due to denudation.Members Mao 4 and Mao 3 are generally preserved in the karst platform.The seismic profiles across the karst platform and karst groove show that the NE and NW striking erosion grooves were the result of differential uplift and erosion caused by basement faulting at the end of Middle Permian,which then successively developed and formed the NW striking Guangyuan-Wangcang and the NE striking Jiangyou-Guangyuan oceanic troughs in Changxing Period.It is suggested to pay more attention to the geologic research and exploration of the shallow carbonate platform areas adjacent to the syneclise and trough in fairly deep water.
Based on the analysis of deposition and tectonism,"residual thickness method" is used to restore the paleokarst landform of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in northwestern Sichuan Basin.With the feature of plain with karst hilllock,the paleokarst landform in this area can be classified into three secondary geomorphic units,karst platform,karst slope and karst groove,in which the karst hillocks and monadnocks on karst platform and karst slope are the favorable zones for the development of karst reservoirs,and favorable exploration zones in the next step.Furthermore,in the karst grooves,the Maokou Formation are often denuded into Members Mao 3 or Mao 2,and the seismic profiles show the top of Maokou Formation in karst groove is missing due to denudation.Members Mao 4 and Mao 3 are generally preserved in the karst platform.The seismic profiles across the karst platform and karst groove show that the NE and NW striking erosion grooves were the result of differential uplift and erosion caused by basement faulting at the end of Middle Permian,which then successively developed and formed the NW striking Guangyuan-Wangcang and the NE striking Jiangyou-Guangyuan oceanic troughs in Changxing Period.It is suggested to pay more attention to the geologic research and exploration of the shallow carbonate platform areas adjacent to the syneclise and trough in fairly deep water.
引文
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[2]夏日元,唐健生,关碧珠,等.鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系古岩溶地貌及天然气富集特征[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):133-136.XIA Riyuan,TANG Jiansheng,GUAN Bizhu,et al.Ordovician palaeolarst landform in Ordos Basin and gas enrichment characteristics[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1999,20(2):133-136.
[3]江青春,胡素云,汪泽成,等.四川盆地茅口组风化壳岩溶古地貌及勘探选区[J].石油学报,2012,33(6):949-960.JIANG Qingchun,HU Suyun,WANG Zecheng,et al.Paleokarst langform of the weathering crust of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin and selection of exploration regions[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(6):949-960.
[4]桑琴,黄静,程超,等.蜀南地区茅口组古岩溶地貌与缝洞系统发育关系研究[J].中国岩溶,2012,31(2):212-219.SANG Qin,HUANG Jing,CHENG Chao,et al.Research on the relation between the ancient karst landform and the development features of fissure-cavity system in the Maokou formation in Shunan region[J].Carsologica Sinica,2012,31(2):212-219.
[5]肖笛,谭秀成,山述娇,等.四川盆地南部中二叠统茅口组古岩溶地貌恢复及其石油地质意义[J].地质学报,2014,88(10):1992-2002.XIAO Di,TAN Xiucheng,SHAN Shujiao,et al.The restoration of palaeokarst geomorphology of Middle Permian Maokou Formation and its petroleum geological significance in southern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2014,88(10):1992-2002.
[6]田雨,张兴阳,何幼斌,等.四川盆地晚二叠世吴家坪期岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2010,12(2):164-176.TIAN Yu,ZHANG Xingyang,HE Youbin,et al.Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Late Permian Wujiaping Age of Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2010,12(2):164-176.
[7]王一刚,文应初,洪海涛,等.四川盆地开江—梁平海槽内发现大隆组[J].天然气工业,2006,26(9):32-36.WANG Yigang,WEN Yingchu,HONG Haitao,et al.Dalong Formation found in Kaijiang-Liangping Ocenic trough in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2006,26(9):32-36.
[8]张延充,杨爱国,梅燕,等.泛开江—梁平海槽及勘探有利相带地震预测[J].天然气工业,2009,29(10):28-30.ZHANG Yanchong,YANG Aiguo,MEI Yan,et al.Kaijiang-Liangping Pan-trough and seismic prediction of favorable facies belt[J].Natural Gas Industry,2009,29(10):28-30.
[9]LI Qiufen,WANG Zecheng,LI Jun,et al.Discovery of Yanting-Tongnan Trough of Late Permian in Sichuan Basin and its significance[J].Journal of Earth Science,2012,23(4):582-596.
[10]四川油气区石油地质编写组.中国石油地质志(卷10):四川油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.Sichuan Oil and Gas Field Drafting Group of Petroleum Geology of China.Petroleum geology of China(Vol.10):Oil and gas region of Sichuan[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997.
[11]何斌,徐义刚,王雅玫,等.东吴运动性质的厘定及其时空演变规律[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2005,30(1):89-96.HE Bin,XU Yigang,WANG Yamei,et al.Nature of the Dongwu Movement and its temporal and spatial evolution[J].Earth Science?Journal of China University of Geosciences,2005,30(1):89-96.
[12]胡明毅,胡忠贵,魏国齐,等.四川盆地茅口组层序岩相古地理特征及储集层预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(1):45-55.HU Mingyi,HU Zhonggui,WEI Guoqi,et al.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography and reservoir prediction of the Maokou Formation in Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(1):45-55.
[13]马永生,牟传龙,郭旭升,等.四川盆地东北部长兴期沉积特征与沉积格局[J].地质论评,2006,52(1):25-29.MA Yongsheng,MOU Chuanlong,GUO Xusheng,et al.Characteristic and framework of the Changxingian Sedimentation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Geological Review,2006,52(1):25-29.
[14]罗志立,金以钟,朱夔玉,等.试论上扬子地台的峨眉地裂运动[J].地质论评,2012,34(1):11-24.LUO Zhili,JIN Yizhong,ZHU Kuiyu,et al.On Emei taphrogenesis of the Upper Yangtze Platform[J].Geological Review,2012,34(1):11-24.
[15]李秋芬,苗顺德,王铜山,等.四川盆地晚二叠世克拉通内裂陷作用背景下的盐亭—潼南海槽沉积充填特征[J].地学前缘,2015,22(1):67-76.LI Qiufen,MIAO Shunde,WANG Tongshan,et al.Sedimentary filling configuration of Yanting-Tongnan trough under the background of intracratonic rift in Later Permian,Sichuan Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(1):67-76.
[16]肖笛,谭秀成,郗爱华,等.四川盆地南部中二叠统茅口组碳酸盐岩岩溶特征:古大陆环境下层控型早成岩期岩溶实例[J].古地理学报,2015,17(4):457-476.XIAO Di,TAN Xiucheng,XI Aihua,et al.Paleokarst characteristics of carbonate of Middle Permian Maokou Formation in southern Sichuan Basin:Example of strata-bound eogenetic karst in palaeo-continental setting[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2015,17(4):457-476.
[17]罗冰,王文飞,陈韵骐,等.四川盆地东部中二叠统茅口组台内藻礁沉积特征[J].海相油气地质,2015,20(1):53-61.LUO Bing,WANG Wenfei,CHEN Yunqi,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of Middle Permian Maokou algal framework reef rock in the east of Sichuan Basin[J].Marine Origin Petroleum Geology,2015,20(1):53-61.