敞开式TBM安全快速通过隧洞强岩爆地层施工技术——以引汉济渭工程秦岭隧洞岭南TBM施工段为例
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摘要
岩爆为深埋隧洞施工的主要灾害之一,为有效解决敞开式TBM在强岩爆地层施工中安全风险高、效率低这一核心问题,依托引汉济渭工程秦岭隧洞岭南TBM段在岩爆防治措施上的多年实践与研究,形成具有针对性的强岩爆防治技术体系。研究结果表明:1)引进微震监测岩爆超前预测系统后,通过监测实施过程中数据的不断分析与修正,能大致推断出掌子面前方约15 m范围内围岩可能出现的岩爆等级; 2)采取合理的超前钻孔应力释放预处理措施,可以降低围岩出露TBM护盾后岩爆发生的规模与频率; 3)通过对治理工艺进行优化,可实现高岩爆风险区围岩的快速封闭; 4)采用合理的支护材料,能有效防止滞后性强岩爆对初期支护体系的破坏。系统的防治体系有助于强岩爆地层的施工安全管控,也可达到加快施工进度的目的,对类似工程具有一定借鉴意义。
The rockburst is one of the major disasters in deep tunnel construction. Hence, the safety and efficiency of open TBM boring in strong rockburst formation should be ensured. A targeted technical system of strong rockburst prevention and control is formed based on years of practice and research on the prevention and control measures for rockburst in Lingnan TBM section of Qinling Tunnel of Hanjiang River-Weihe River Water Conveyance Project. The study results show that:(1) The possible rockburst level within 15 m ahead of tunneling face can be roughly deduced by using microseismic monitoring rockburst advanced prediction system and continuous analysis and correction of the monitoring data.(2) The scale and frequency of rockburst after TBM passing through can be reduced by adopting rational pre-drilling stress release pretreatments.(3) The rapid sealing of the surrounding rock in the high rockburst risk zone can be realized by optimizing the treatment process.(4) The damage of primary support induced by hysteresis rockburst can be prevented by using proper supporting materials. The prevention system contributes to the construction safety control of the strong rockburst formation, and can also reduce the construction schedule. The results can provide reference for similar projects in the future.
The rockburst is one of the major disasters in deep tunnel construction. Hence, the safety and efficiency of open TBM boring in strong rockburst formation should be ensured. A targeted technical system of strong rockburst prevention and control is formed based on years of practice and research on the prevention and control measures for rockburst in Lingnan TBM section of Qinling Tunnel of Hanjiang River-Weihe River Water Conveyance Project. The study results show that:(1) The possible rockburst level within 15 m ahead of tunneling face can be roughly deduced by using microseismic monitoring rockburst advanced prediction system and continuous analysis and correction of the monitoring data.(2) The scale and frequency of rockburst after TBM passing through can be reduced by adopting rational pre-drilling stress release pretreatments.(3) The rapid sealing of the surrounding rock in the high rockburst risk zone can be realized by optimizing the treatment process.(4) The damage of primary support induced by hysteresis rockburst can be prevented by using proper supporting materials. The prevention system contributes to the construction safety control of the strong rockburst formation, and can also reduce the construction schedule. The results can provide reference for similar projects in the future.
引文
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[4] 张斌,符文熹,任光明,等.深埋长隧道岩爆的预测预报及防治初探[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1999,10(1):25.ZHANG Bin,FU Wenxi,REN Guangming,et al.Discussion on the prediction and control of rock burst in deep-lying long tunnel[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1999,10(1):25.
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[7] 何满潮,苗金丽,李德建,等.深部花岗岩试样岩爆过程实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):865.HE Manchao,MIAO Jinli,LI Dejian,et al.Experimental study on rockburst processes of granite specimen at great depth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):865.
[8] 罗志虎,杨鹏飞.锦屏二级水电站TBM施工中的岩爆问题分析及对策[J].岩土工程技术,2009,23(1):52.LUO Zhihu,YANG Pengfei.Rock-burst and its countermeasure of TBM construction in drainage tunnel of a hydropower station[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,2009,23(1):52.
[9] 赵志强.秦岭引水隧洞TBM施工段岩爆预防与治理[J].西部探矿工程,2016,28(10):170.ZHAO Zhiqiang.Prevention and control of rock burst in TBM construction section of Qinling Mountains Diversion Tunnel[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2016,28(10):170.
[10] 李金辉,徐茂华.锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞岩爆洞段开挖技术措施[J].四川水力发电,2015,34(增刊2):58.LI Jinhui,XU Maohua.Technical measures for excavation of rock burst section of diversion tunnel of Jinping Ⅱ Hydropower Station[J].Sichuan Water Power,2015,34(S2):58.
[11] 陈绪文,黄磊,邹逸伦.岩爆隧道柔性支护快速施工技术[J].隧道建设(中英文),2018,38(7):1212.CHEN Xuwen,HUANG Lei,ZOU Yilun.Rapid construction technology of flexible support for rockburst tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction,2018,38(7):1212.
[12] 张照太,陈竹,陈炳瑞,等.大直径TBM通过深埋强岩爆洞段的岩爆防治方法[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增刊2):431.ZHANG Zhaotai,CHEN Zhu,CHEN Bingrui,et al.TBM construction method in the large overburden and intensive rock burst zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S2):431.
[13] 黄志平,唐春安,李立民,等.基于微震监测技术的岩爆预警研究[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2018,34(4):614.HUANG Zhiping,TANG Chunan,LI Limin,et al.Research on early warning of rock burst based on microseismic monitoring technology[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University (Natural Science),2018,34(4):614.
[14] 樊刚,郑继光.开敞式TBM撑靴部位软弱围岩塌腔的通过方法[J].水电站机电技术,2016,39(增刊1):67.FAN Gang,ZHENG Jiguang.Passing method of weak surrounding rock cavity in the open TBM boots[J].Mechanical & Electrical Technique of Hydropower Stationy,2016,39(S1):67.
[2] 徐林生,王兰生.二郎山公路隧道岩爆发生规律与岩爆预测研究[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(5):569.XU Linsheng,WANG Lansheng.Study of the laws of rockburst and its forecasting in the tunnel of Erlang Mountain Road[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999,21(5):569.
[3] 杨健,武雄.岩爆综合预测评价方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(3):411.YANG Jian,WU Xiong.Comprehensive forecasting method for estimating rock burst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(3):411.
[4] 张斌,符文熹,任光明,等.深埋长隧道岩爆的预测预报及防治初探[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1999,10(1):25.ZHANG Bin,FU Wenxi,REN Guangming,et al.Discussion on the prediction and control of rock burst in deep-lying long tunnel[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1999,10(1):25.
[5] 张秉鹤.括苍山特长公路隧道相对浅埋洞段岩爆机理及防治措施研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2007.ZHANG Binghe.Study on mechanism and prevention measure of rockburst occurred in relatively shallow areas of Kuocangshan supper-long road tunnel[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2007.
[6] 冯建军.二郎山隧道岩爆特征与防治[J].西部探矿工程,2005,17(7):110.FENG Jianjun.Rockburst Characteristics and prevention of Erlang Mountain Tunnel[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2005,17(7):110.
[7] 何满潮,苗金丽,李德建,等.深部花岗岩试样岩爆过程实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):865.HE Manchao,MIAO Jinli,LI Dejian,et al.Experimental study on rockburst processes of granite specimen at great depth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):865.
[8] 罗志虎,杨鹏飞.锦屏二级水电站TBM施工中的岩爆问题分析及对策[J].岩土工程技术,2009,23(1):52.LUO Zhihu,YANG Pengfei.Rock-burst and its countermeasure of TBM construction in drainage tunnel of a hydropower station[J].Geotechnical Engineering Technique,2009,23(1):52.
[9] 赵志强.秦岭引水隧洞TBM施工段岩爆预防与治理[J].西部探矿工程,2016,28(10):170.ZHAO Zhiqiang.Prevention and control of rock burst in TBM construction section of Qinling Mountains Diversion Tunnel[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2016,28(10):170.
[10] 李金辉,徐茂华.锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞岩爆洞段开挖技术措施[J].四川水力发电,2015,34(增刊2):58.LI Jinhui,XU Maohua.Technical measures for excavation of rock burst section of diversion tunnel of Jinping Ⅱ Hydropower Station[J].Sichuan Water Power,2015,34(S2):58.
[11] 陈绪文,黄磊,邹逸伦.岩爆隧道柔性支护快速施工技术[J].隧道建设(中英文),2018,38(7):1212.CHEN Xuwen,HUANG Lei,ZOU Yilun.Rapid construction technology of flexible support for rockburst tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction,2018,38(7):1212.
[12] 张照太,陈竹,陈炳瑞,等.大直径TBM通过深埋强岩爆洞段的岩爆防治方法[J].煤炭学报,2011,36(增刊2):431.ZHANG Zhaotai,CHEN Zhu,CHEN Bingrui,et al.TBM construction method in the large overburden and intensive rock burst zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2011,36(S2):431.
[13] 黄志平,唐春安,李立民,等.基于微震监测技术的岩爆预警研究[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版),2018,34(4):614.HUANG Zhiping,TANG Chunan,LI Limin,et al.Research on early warning of rock burst based on microseismic monitoring technology[J].Journal of Shenyang Jianzhu University (Natural Science),2018,34(4):614.
[14] 樊刚,郑继光.开敞式TBM撑靴部位软弱围岩塌腔的通过方法[J].水电站机电技术,2016,39(增刊1):67.FAN Gang,ZHENG Jiguang.Passing method of weak surrounding rock cavity in the open TBM boots[J].Mechanical & Electrical Technique of Hydropower Stationy,2016,39(S1):67.
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