锂离子电池用化学交联型凝胶聚合物电解质的研究进展
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摘要
近年来便携式电子设备爆炸事件频发,主要是由于传统锂离子电池隔膜/电解液体系容易发生电解液泄漏以及隔膜严重热收缩导致的正负极接触短路。化学交联型凝胶聚合物电解质的出现在很大程度上改善了电池漏液的问题。同时,交联网络赋予聚合物基体优异的尺寸稳定性,大大提高了其安全性能。因此,化学交联型凝胶聚合物电解质得到了科研工作者们的广泛关注和研究。本文根据引发及制备方法的不同,综述了利用热引发、光引发、辐射引发、环氧开环加成以及溶胶-凝胶法制备的交联凝胶型聚合物电解质,并对其力学性能和电化学性能进行了介绍。
In recent years,there are many explosion accidents of portable electronic devices,which are mainly due to the electrolyte leakage of the separator/electrolyte system of traditional lithium-ion batteries and severe heat shrinkage of the separator resulting in short-circuiting between positive and negative electrodes.The appearance of polymer electrolytes has greatly improved the safety of traditional lithiumion batteries.Polymer electrolytes mainly include all-solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)and gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).For all-solid polymer electrolytes,it still needs a long way for their industrial application because they have low ionic conductivity(10-6—10-8 S/cm)at ambient temperature,which does not meet the basic requirements for practical use.GPEs are a hybrid system formed by trapping liquid electrolyte in a polymer matrix,combining the advantages of high safety of solid electrolyte and high ion conductivity of liquid electrolyte.Among them,cross-linked GPEs have received extensive attention.The cross-linking networks prevent the leakage of electrolyte and improve the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of polymer matrix,so the battery safety performance can be greatly improved.Crosslinked GPEs prepared by thermal initiation,photoinitiation,radiation initiation,epoxy ring-opening addition,and sol-gel methods are reviewed according to their initiating and preparing methods,meanwhile their mechanical and electrochemical properties are also introduced.
In recent years,there are many explosion accidents of portable electronic devices,which are mainly due to the electrolyte leakage of the separator/electrolyte system of traditional lithium-ion batteries and severe heat shrinkage of the separator resulting in short-circuiting between positive and negative electrodes.The appearance of polymer electrolytes has greatly improved the safety of traditional lithiumion batteries.Polymer electrolytes mainly include all-solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)and gel polymer electrolytes(GPEs).For all-solid polymer electrolytes,it still needs a long way for their industrial application because they have low ionic conductivity(10-6—10-8 S/cm)at ambient temperature,which does not meet the basic requirements for practical use.GPEs are a hybrid system formed by trapping liquid electrolyte in a polymer matrix,combining the advantages of high safety of solid electrolyte and high ion conductivity of liquid electrolyte.Among them,cross-linked GPEs have received extensive attention.The cross-linking networks prevent the leakage of electrolyte and improve the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of polymer matrix,so the battery safety performance can be greatly improved.Crosslinked GPEs prepared by thermal initiation,photoinitiation,radiation initiation,epoxy ring-opening addition,and sol-gel methods are reviewed according to their initiating and preparing methods,meanwhile their mechanical and electrochemical properties are also introduced.
引文
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[2]HUANG X S.Separator technologies for lithium-ion batteries[J].Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry,2010,15(4):649-662.
[3]DOUGHTY D,ROTH P E.A general discussion of Li ion battery safety[J].Electrochemical Society Interface,2012,21(2):37-44.
[4]YU X W,ARUMUGAM M.Electrode-electrolyte interfaces in lithium-based batteries[J].Energy and Environmental Science,2018,11:527-543.
[5]LONG L Z,WANG S J,XIAO M,et al.Polymer electrolytes for lithium polymer batteries[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2016,4(26):10038-10069.
[6]JOHN B,CHERUVALLY G.Polymeric materials for lithium-ion cells[J].Polymers for Advanced Technologies,2017,28(12):1528-1538.
[7]CHENG X L,PAN J,ZHAO Y,et al.Gel polymer electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage[J].Advanced Energy Materials,2018,8(7):1702184-1702200.
[8]DI NOTO V,LAVINA S,GIFFIN G A,et al.Polymer electrolytes:Present,past and future[J].Electrochimica Acta,2011,57(1):4-13.
[9]梁乃强,房建华,郭晓霞,等.聚苯并咪唑-锂盐-聚乙二醇单甲醚混全固态聚合物电解质的制备及性能[J].功能高分子学报,2017,30(2):168-174.
[10]FEUILLADE G,PERCHE P.Ion-conductive macromolecular gels and membranes for solid lithium cells[J].Journal of Applied Electrochemistry,1975,5(1):63-69.
[11]尹艳红,毛新欣,曹朝霞,等.相转化法制备陶瓷涂层改性锂离子电池隔膜[J].功能高分子学报,2012,25(2):172-177.
[12]SHIN W K,YOO J H,CHOI W,et al.Cycling performance of lithium-ion polymer cells assembled with a cross-linked composite polymer electrolyte using a fibrous polyacrylonitrile membrane and vinyl-functionalized SiO2nanoparticles[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2015,3(23):12163-12170.
[13]SHIN W K,CHO J,KANNAN A G,et al.Cross-linked composite gel polymer electrolyte using mesoporous methacrylate-functionalized SiO2 nanoparticles for lithium-ion polymer batteries[J].Scientific Reports,2016,6:26332-26341.
[14]SHI J L,HU H S,XIA Y G,et al.Polyimide matrix-enhanced cross-linked gel separator with three-dimensional heatresistance skeleton for high-safety and high-power lithium ion batteries[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2014,2(24):9134-9141.
[15]KIM K M,POLIQUIT B Z,LEE Y G,et al.Enhanced separator properties by thermal curing of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate-based gel polymer electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2014,120:159-166.
[16]LI H,MA X T,SHI J L,et al.Preparation and properties of poly(ethylene oxide)gel filled polypropylene separators and their corresponding gel polymer electrolytes for Li-ion batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2011,56(6):2641-2647.
[17]WANG Y J,KIM D.PEGDA/PVDF/F127gel type polymer electrolyte membranes for lithium secondary batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2007,166(1):202-210.
[18]WANG Q J,SONG W L,FAN L Z,et al.Effect of polyacrylonitrile on triethylene glycol diacetate-2-propenoic acid butyl ester gel polymer electrolytes with interpenetrating crosslinked network for flexible lithium ion batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2015,295:139-148.
[19]YUN Y S,CHOI J A,KIM D W.Lithium polymer batteries assembled with in situcross-linked gel polymer electrolytes containing ionic liquid[J].Macromolecular Research,2012,21(1):49-54.
[20]CHENG C L,WAN C C,WANG Y Y.Preparation of porous,chemically cross-linked,PVDF-based gel polymer electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2004,134(2):202-210.
[21]LU Q W,FANG J H,YANG J,et al.Novel cross-linked copolymer gel electrolyte supported by hydrophilic polytetrafluoroethylene for rechargeable lithium batteries[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2014,449(1):176-183.
[22]WU X M,LIU Y,YANG Q L,et al.Properties of gel polymer electrolytes based on poly(butyl acrylate)semiinterpenetrating polymeric networks toward Li-ion batteries[J].Ionics,2017,23(9):2319-2325.
[23]CHOI J A,KANG Y K,KIM D W.Lithium polymer cell assembled by in situ chemical cross-linking of ionic liquid electrolyte with phosphazene-based cross-linking agent[J].Electrochimica Acta,2013,89(1):359-364.
[24]CHOI J A,KANG Y K,SHIM H,et al.Cycling performance of a lithium-ion polymer cell assembled by in-situchemical cross-linking with fluorinated phosphorus-based cross-linking agent[J].Journal of Power Sources,2010,195(18):6177-6181.
[25]KANG Y K,CHEONG K,NOH K A,et al.A study of cross-linked PEO gel polymer electrolytes using bisphenol a ethoxylate diacrylate:Ionic conductivity and mechanical properties[J].Journal of Power Sources,2003,119(6):432-437.
[26]ZHANG H,ZHANG Y,YAO Z K,et al.Novel configuration of polyimide matrix-enhanced crosslinked gel separator for high performance lithium ion batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2016,204:176-182.
[27]ZHOU D,HE Y B,CAI Q,et al.Investigation of cyano resin-based gel polymer electrolyte:In situ gelation mechanism and electrode-electrolyte interfacial fabrication in lithium-ion battery[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2014,2(47):20059-20066.
[28]GUAN H Y,LIAN F,XI K,et al.Polyvinyl formal based gel polymer electrolyte prepared using initiator free in-situ thermal polymerization method[J].Journal of Power Sources,2014,245(1):95-100.
[29]STALIN S,CHOUDHURY S,ZHANG K,et al.Multifunctional cross-linked polymeric membranes for safe,highperformance lithium batteries[J].Chemistry of Materials,2018,30(6):2058-2066.
[30]PABLOS J L,GARC A N,GARRIDO L,et al.Highly efficient mixed Li+transport in ion gel polycationic electrolytes[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2018,545:133-139.
[31]NIRMALE T C,KARBHAL I,KALUBARME R S,et al.Facile synthesis of unique cellulose triacetate based flexible and high performance gel polymer electrolyte for lithium ion batteries[J].ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces,2017,9(40):34773-34782.
[32]PARANJAPE N,MANDADAPU P C,WU G,et al.Highly-branched cross-linked poly(ethylene oxide)with enhanced ionic conductivity[J].Polymer,2017,111:1-8.
[33]DANGELO A J,PANZER M J.Enhanced lithium ion transport in poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate-supported solvate lonogel electrolytes via chemically cross-linked ethylene oxide pathways[J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2017,121(4):890-895.
[34]THIAM A,ANTONELLI C,IOJOIU C,et al.Optimizing ionic conduction of poly(oxyethylene)electrolytes through controlling the cross-link density[J].Electrochimica Acta,2017,240:307-315.
[35]NAIR J R,GERBALDI C,MELIGRANA G,et al.UV-cured methacrylic membranes as novel gel-polymer electrolyte for Li-ion batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2008,178(2):751-757.
[36]LU Q W,YANG J,LU W,et al.Advanced semi-interpenetrating polymer network gel electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2015,152:489-495.
[37]SONG M K,CHO J Y,CHO B W,et al.Characterization of UV-cured gel polymer electrolytes for rechargeable lithium batteries[J].Journal of Power Sources,2002,110(1):209-215.
[38]KIL E H,HA H J,LEE S Y.A facile approach to fabricate self-standing gel-polymer electrolytes for flexible lithium-ion batteries by exploitation of UV-cured trivalent/monovalent acrylate polymer matrices[J].Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics,2011,212(20):2217-2223.
[39]LI W Y,PANG Y,LIU J Y,et al.A PEO-based gel polymer electrolyte for lithium ion batteries[J].RSC Advances,2017,7(38):23494-23501.
[40]SHIM J,LEE J S,LEE J H,et al.Gel polymer electrolytes containing anion-trapping boron moieties for lithium-ion battery applications[J].ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces,2016,8(41):27740-27752.
[41]TONG Y F,XU Y Z,CHEN D,et al.Deformable and flexible electrospun nanofiber-supported cross-linked gel polymer electrolyte membranes for high safety lithium-ion batteries[J].RSC Advances,2017,7(37):22728-22734.
[42]ZHOU C J,WANG Q W,WU Q L.UV-initiated crosslinking of electrospun poly(ethylene oxide)nanofibers with pentaerythritol triacrylate:Effect of irradiation time and incorporated cellulose nanocrystals[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2012,87(2):1779-1786.
[43]FORBEY S J,DIVOUX G M,MOORE K E,et al.Cross-linked electrospun poly(ethylene oxide)fiber mats as structured polymer gel electrolytes[J].ECS Transactions,2015,66(35):1-15.
[44]WANG Y M,QIU J Y,PENG J,et al.One-step radiation synthesis of gel polymer electrolytes with high ionic conductivity for lithium-ion batteries[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2017,5:12393-12399.
[45]ZHANG Z Z,SUI G,BI H T,et al.Radiation-crosslinked nanofiber membranes with well-designed core-shell structure for high performance of gel polymer electrolytes[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2015,492:77-87.
[46]LU Q,HE Y B,YU Q,et al.Dendrite-free,high-rate,long-life lithium metal batteries with a 3Dcross-linked network polymer electrolyte[J].Advanced Materials,2017,29(13):1604460-1604467.
[47]KIM S,SUK J,HONG S,et al.Synthesis and electrochemical properties of gel polymer electrolyte using poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate)for fabricating lithium ion polymer battery[J].Macromolecular Research,2014,22(8):875-881.
[48]OH S J,KIM D W,LEE C J,et al.Poly(vinylpyridine-co-styrene)based in situcross-linked gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion polymer batteries[J].Electrochimica Acta,2011,57:46-51.
[49]KUO P L,WU C A,LU C Y,et al.High performance of transferring lithium ion for polyacrylonitrile-interpenetrating crosslinked polyoxyethylene network as gel polymer electrolyte[J].ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces,2014,6(5):3156-3162.
[50]WANG S H,HOU S S,KUO P L,et al.Poly(ethylene oxide)-co-poly(propylene oxide)-based gel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and mechanical integrity for lithium-ion batteries[J].ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces,2013,5(17):8477-8485.
[51]HUANG L Y,SHIH Y C,WANG S H,et al.Gel electrolytes based on an ether-abundant polymeric framework for high-rate and long-cycle-life lithium ion batteries[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry A,2014,2(27):10492-10501.
[52]HSU C H,CHIEN L H,KUO P L.High thermal and electrochemical stability of a SiO2nanoparticle hybird-polyether cross-linked membrane for safety reinforced lithium-ion batteries[J].RSC Advances,2016,6(22):18089-18095.
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