塔里木盆地阿-满过渡带超深层碳酸盐岩储层成因与分布预测
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摘要
中国多旋回盆地超深层海相碳酸盐岩储层成因具有多因素联合控制与多阶段复合成因的总体特点。塔里木盆地阿-满过渡带北部地区超深层奥陶系鹰山组、一间房组之上存在相对完整的上奥陶统、志留系,几期不整合没有叠加且暴露时间相对较短,储层发育受控于沿断裂发生的深循环岩溶作用,主要沿断裂带分布。阿-满过渡带南部地区奥陶系超深层储层发育受控于走滑断裂活动强度、分段性及热液流体改造,分别形成了热液白云岩储层(古城墟隆起鹰山组下段)、热液流体交代形成的硅化岩储层(顺南斜坡区鹰山组上段)、热液流体改造形成的微生物岩储层(顺托-顺南地区一间房组)。基于断裂-流体主控型碳酸盐岩储层发育地质模式和针对性的地震采集、处理工作,通过叠前各向异性裂缝反演、多参数定量雕刻与叠后储层、裂缝预测技术及与应力场模拟的结合,可预测储层空间分布。
The genesis of ultra-deep marine carbonate reservoirs in polycyclic basins in China is characterized by having multiple control factors and multistage hybrid origins.In the northern transitional zone between the Awati and Manjiaer depressions,the ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs of the Ordovician(in the Yingshan and Yijianfang Formations)are overlain by a relatively complete sequence of the Upper Ordovician and Silurian.Since there was no superimposition of multistage unconformities and the exposure period was relatively short,the reservoirs were formed by deep-circulation dissolution and distribute along the fault zones.The development of the ultra-deep Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the southern transitional zone between the Awati and Manjiaer depressions is controlled by the strength and segmentation of strike-slip fault activity and hydrothermal fluid alteration.Hydrothermal alteration resulted in the formation of hydrothermal dolomite reservoir(in the lower Yingshan Formation in Guchengxu uplift),while hydrothermal metasomasis led to the silicified rock reservoir(in the upper Yingshan Formation in the Shunnan slope area).Hydrothermal alteration also led to the formation of microbial reservoir(in the Yijianfang Formation in the Shunnan to Shuntuo area).Reservoir distribution could be predicted by the geological model of fault-fluid dominated carbonate reservoirs,the specific seismic acquisition and processing,series of forward anisotropy fracture inversion,quantitative volume estimation,poststack seismic characterization,and simulation of tectonic stress field.
The genesis of ultra-deep marine carbonate reservoirs in polycyclic basins in China is characterized by having multiple control factors and multistage hybrid origins.In the northern transitional zone between the Awati and Manjiaer depressions,the ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs of the Ordovician(in the Yingshan and Yijianfang Formations)are overlain by a relatively complete sequence of the Upper Ordovician and Silurian.Since there was no superimposition of multistage unconformities and the exposure period was relatively short,the reservoirs were formed by deep-circulation dissolution and distribute along the fault zones.The development of the ultra-deep Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in the southern transitional zone between the Awati and Manjiaer depressions is controlled by the strength and segmentation of strike-slip fault activity and hydrothermal fluid alteration.Hydrothermal alteration resulted in the formation of hydrothermal dolomite reservoir(in the lower Yingshan Formation in Guchengxu uplift),while hydrothermal metasomasis led to the silicified rock reservoir(in the upper Yingshan Formation in the Shunnan slope area).Hydrothermal alteration also led to the formation of microbial reservoir(in the Yijianfang Formation in the Shunnan to Shuntuo area).Reservoir distribution could be predicted by the geological model of fault-fluid dominated carbonate reservoirs,the specific seismic acquisition and processing,series of forward anisotropy fracture inversion,quantitative volume estimation,poststack seismic characterization,and simulation of tectonic stress field.
引文
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[2]王铁冠,宋到福,李美俊,等.塔里木盆地顺南-古城地区奥陶系鹰山组天然气气源与深层天然气勘探前景[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):753-762.
[3]云露,曹自成.塔里木盆地顺南地区奥陶系油气富集与勘探潜力[J].石油与天然气地质,2014,35(6):788-797.
[4]王招明,杨海军,齐英敏,等.塔里木盆地古城地区奥陶系天然气勘探重大突破及其启示[J].天然气工业,2014,34(1):1-9.
[5]何治亮,彭守涛,张涛.塔里木盆地塔河地区奥陶系储层形成的控制因素与复合-联合成因机制[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(6):743-752.
[6]谢大庆,郑孟林,蒋华山,等.塔里木盆地沙雅隆起形成演化与油气分布规律[J].大地构造与成矿学,2013,37(3):398-409.
[7]付恒,韩建辉,孟万斌,等.塔里木盆地塔中北坡奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶储层的形成机理[J].地质勘探,2017,37(3):25-34.
[8] YOU D H,HAN J,HU W X,et al.Characteristics and formation mechanisms of silicified carbonate reservoirs in well SN4of the Tarim Basin[J].Energy Exploration&Exploitation,2018,36(1):1-30.
[9]何治亮,魏修成,钱一雄,等.海相碳酸盐岩优质储层形成机理与分布预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(4):489-498.
[10]王宇.西南岩溶石山区断陷盆地岩溶水系统分类及供水意义[J].中国地质,2003,30(2):220-224.
[11]乔占峰,沈安江,邹伟宏,等.断裂控制的非暴露型大气水岩溶作用模式:以塔北英买2构造奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层为例[J].地质学报,2011,85(12):2070-2080.
[12] HE Z L,DING Q,WO Y J.et al.Experiment of carbonate dissolution:implication for high quality carbonate reservoir formation in deep and ultradeep basins[J].Geofluids,2017.https:∥doi.org/10.1155/2017/8439259.
[13]吴光宏,黎兵,周新科,等.塔中古城墟隆起奥陶系钻探成果与勘探意义[J].新疆石油地质,2007,28(2):154-157.
[14]唐照星,曹自成,汪新文,等.塔里木盆地古城墟隆起鹰山组内幕储层特征及影响因素[J].岩性油气藏,2013,25(4):44-49.
[15]赵明,甘华军,岳勇,等.塔里木盆地古城墟隆起西端奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层特征及预测[J].中国地质,2009,36(1):93-100.
[16]张军涛,胡文瑄,钱一雄,等.塔里木盆地白云岩储层类型划分、测井模型及其应用[J].地质学报,2008,82(3):380-386.
[17]蔡习尧,钱一雄,陈强路,等.塔里木盆地古隆1井奥陶系恰尔巴克组与一间房组的发现及意义[J].石油实验地质,2011(4):348-352.
[18]张智礼,李慧莉,谭广辉,等.塔里木中央隆起区奥陶纪碳同位素特征及其地层意义[J].地层学杂志,2014(2):181-189.
[19]杨圣彬,刘军,李慧莉.塔中北围斜区北东向走滑断裂特征及其控油作用[J].石油与天然气地质,2016(6):797-802.
[20]王坤,胡素云,胡再元,等.塔里木盆地古城地区寒武系热液作用及其对储层发育的影响[J].石油学报,2016(4):439-453.
[21] PACKARD J J,AASM I A,SAMSON I,et al.A Devonian hydrothermal chert reservoir:the 225bcf Parkland field,British Columbia,Canada[J].AAPG Bulletin,2001,85(1):51-84.
[22] PIERRE J,GUGLIELMI Y,LAMARCHE J,et al.Architectural characteristics and petrophysical properties evolution of a strike-slip fault zone in a fractured porous carbonate reservoir[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2012,44:93-109.
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