饲粮锌添加水平对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能、蛋品质及血清生化、抗氧化、激素指标的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究饲粮锌添加水平对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能、蛋品质及血清生化、抗氧化、激素指标的影响。选择34周龄体况相近的种鹅120只,随机分为6组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只鹅(1公4母)。各组(Ⅰ～Ⅵ组)饲粮锌添加水平分别为0、25、50、75、100、125 mg/kg。预试期1周,正试期10周。结果表明:1)Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组种蛋种合格率显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅳ、Ⅴ组种蛋受精率显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅳ、Ⅴ组种蛋孵化率显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ组健雏率显著或极显著高于其他各组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。2)饲粮锌添加水平对蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋比重、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄比率、蛋白高度影响不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅲ组蛋黄颜色最高,显著高于Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Ⅳ组哈氏单位最高,显著或极显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮锌添加水平对血清白蛋白含量、谷草转氨酶活性影响不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅰ组血清总蛋白含量显著低于其他各组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组血清碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05)。4)饲粮锌添加水平对血清丙二醛含量及总超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性影响不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅲ、Ⅳ组血清总抗氧化能力显著高于Ⅵ组(P<0.05)。5)饲粮锌添加水平对血清胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ、雌二醇、睾酮含量影响不显著(P>0.05)。Ⅳ组血清生长激素含量最高,显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中适宜添加水平锌对产蛋期种鹅繁殖性能、血清指标、蛋黄颜色和哈氏单位有一定影响;建议种鹅产蛋期饲粮中锌添加水平为65～70 mg/kg。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary zinc supplemental level on reproductive performance,egg quality and serum biochemical,antioxidant and hormone indices of breeding geese during laying period. A total of 120 thirty-four-week-old breeding geese with the similar body condition were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 5 geese per replicate( 1 male 4 female). Geese in the 6 groups( groups Ⅰ to Ⅵ) were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0,25,50,75,100 and125 mg/kg. The pre-experimental period lasted for 1 week,and the experimental period lasted for 10 weeks.The results showed as follows: 1) the hatching egg qualified rate of groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ( P<0.05),the hatching egg fertilization rate of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅵ( P<0.05 or P<0.01),the hatching egg hatching rate of groups Ⅳand Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01),the healthy rate of groups Ⅲand Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01). 2) Dietary zinc supplemental level had no significant effects on egg weight,egg shape index,egg proportion,eggshell strength,eggshell thickness,yolk ratio and protein height( P>0.05). The yolk color of group Ⅲ was the highest,and significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ( P<0.05); the Haugh unit of group Ⅳ was the highest,and significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅵ( P < 0. 05). 3) Dietary zinc supplemental level had no significant effects on serum albumin content and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity( P> 0. 05). The serum total protein content of group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that of other groups( P< 0.05),the serum alkaline phosphatase activity of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅵ( P<0.05). 4) Dietary zinc supplemental level had no significant effects on serum malondialdehyde content and total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities( P>0.05). The serum total antioxidant capacity of groups Ⅲand Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅵ( P< 0.05). 5) Dietary zinc supplemental level had no significant effects on the contents of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ,estradiol and testosterone in serum( P >0.05). The serum growth hormone content of group Ⅳ was the highest,and significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅵ( P<0.05). In conclusion,dietary suitable zinc supplemental level has effects on reproductive performance,serum indices,yolk color and Haugh unit of breeding geese during laying period,it is suggested that the dietary zinc supplemental level of breeding geese during laying period is 65 to 70 mg/kg.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2144-2151]
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary zinc supplemental level on reproductive performance,egg quality and serum biochemical,antioxidant and hormone indices of breeding geese during laying period. A total of 120 thirty-four-week-old breeding geese with the similar body condition were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 5 geese per replicate( 1 male 4 female). Geese in the 6 groups( groups Ⅰ to Ⅵ) were fed experimental diets supplemented with 0,25,50,75,100 and125 mg/kg. The pre-experimental period lasted for 1 week,and the experimental period lasted for 10 weeks.The results showed as follows: 1) the hatching egg qualified rate of groups Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ( P<0.05),the hatching egg fertilization rate of groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅵ( P<0.05 or P<0.01),the hatching egg hatching rate of groups Ⅳand Ⅴ was significantly higher than that of other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01),the healthy rate of groups Ⅲand Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01). 2) Dietary zinc supplemental level had no significant effects on egg weight,egg shape index,egg proportion,eggshell strength,eggshell thickness,yolk ratio and protein height( P>0.05). The yolk color of group Ⅲ was the highest,and significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ( P<0.05); the Haugh unit of group Ⅳ was the highest,and significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅵ( P < 0. 05). 3) Dietary zinc supplemental level had no significant effects on serum albumin content and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase activity( P> 0. 05). The serum total protein content of group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that of other groups( P< 0.05),the serum alkaline phosphatase activity of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅵ( P<0.05). 4) Dietary zinc supplemental level had no significant effects on serum malondialdehyde content and total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities( P>0.05). The serum total antioxidant capacity of groups Ⅲand Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅵ( P< 0.05). 5) Dietary zinc supplemental level had no significant effects on the contents of insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ,estradiol and testosterone in serum( P >0.05). The serum growth hormone content of group Ⅳ was the highest,and significantly higher than that of groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅵ( P<0.05). In conclusion,dietary suitable zinc supplemental level has effects on reproductive performance,serum indices,yolk color and Haugh unit of breeding geese during laying period,it is suggested that the dietary zinc supplemental level of breeding geese during laying period is 65 to 70 mg/kg.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 5) : 2144-2151]
引文
[1]曹谨玲,陈剑杰.微量元素锌的生理功能及其应用研究[J].家畜生态,2003(4):62-65.
[2]王志武,孙建钢,孙锐锋,等.微量元素锌的生物学功能及其应用进展[J].饲料研究,2005(8):12-16.
[3]李聚才,张春珍,庞琪艳,等.动物微量元素锌营养研究进展[J]宁夏农林科技,2007(6):30-32.
[4]郝二英,张楠楠,谭晓萌,等.微量元素在家禽生产中的应用研究[J].饲料广角,2014(19):44-46.
[5]李敬玺.硒、铜、锌对动物营养的影响研究进展[J].河南科技学院学报(自然科学版),2005,33(3):36-42.
[6] ROBERSON K D,EDWARD H M,Jr. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and phytase on zinc utilization in broiler chicks[J]. Poultry Science,1994,73(8):1312-1326.
[7] DEWAR W A,WIGHT P A,PEARSON R A,et al.Toxic effects of high concentrations of zinc oxide in the diet of the chick and laying hen[J].British Poultry Science,1983,24(3):397-404.
[8]王余丁,赵国先,卢艳敏,等.微量元素锌与畜禽营养研究进展[J].河北农业大学学报,2002,25(1):110-114.
[9] SANDOVAL M,HENRY P R,AMMERMAN C B,et al. Relative bioavailability of supplemental inorganic zinc sources for chicks[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1997,75(12):3195-3205.
[10]马丽华.锌缺乏对畜禽繁殖性能的影响[J].饲料世界,2004(7):48-49.
[11]周玉传.大豆黄酮对绍鸭产蛋性能的影响及其作用的受体机制[D].博士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2003.
[12]张拴林,黄应祥,岳文斌,等.锌对雄性动物生殖的影响[J].黄牛杂志,2001,27(1):38-40.
[13]李柄耀,韩君.氨基酸微量元素螯合物在蛋禽生产中的应用[J].饲料博览,2005(7):46-48.
[14]庞金海,张莉,张春有,等.微量元素锌在动物健康及营养中的研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2002,23(2):41-43.
[15]任洁,范鑫,周占琴.锌对雄性动物繁殖性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2011,32(1):87-89.
[16] ABUBAKAR N,FU W L,ZHU X T.Effects of supplemental dietary zinc-methionine on the reproductive performance and plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone of Yuehuang broiler breeders[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition,2003,24(2):67-72.
[17]李梅清.蛋氨酸锌对皖西白鹅生殖性能的影响及机理研究[D].硕士学位论文.合肥:安徽农业大学,2007.
[18]王金和.富锌益生素对蛋鸡生产性能及免疫功能的影响[D].博士学位论文.长春:吉林大学,2017.
[19] SHAHEEN A A,EL-FATTAH A A A.Effect of dietary zinc on lipid peroxidation,glutathione,protein thiols levels and superoxide dismutase activity in rat tissues[J].The International Journal of Biochemistry&Cell Biology,1995,27(1):89-95.
[20]朱国生.日粮中添加蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡高温季节产蛋性能的影响[J].饲料广角,2003(10):37-38.
[21]秦应和,徐振华,李福昌.日粮锌对肉兔生产性能、机体抗氧化酶和金属硫蛋白-1表达的影响(续)[J].饲料研究,2010(1):44-45,48.
[22]冯望宝,王安,艾涛.不同锌水平对笼养育成蛋鸭生长性能及总抗氧化能力的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2007,38(5):654-659.
[23]王宝维,陈苗璐,王秉翰,等.锌对5~15周龄鹅免疫、抗氧化功能、金属硫蛋白-Ⅰ基因表达量的影响及变量相关性分析[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(9):1825-1835.
[24]曲湘勇,彭灿阳,蔡超,等.有机微量元素对蛋鸡生产性能、血清抗氧化指标、蛋黄中微量元素含量及微量元素减排效果的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2431-2439.
[25] DROKE E A,SPEARS J W,ARMSTRONG J D,et al.Dietary zinc affects serum concentrations of insulin and insulin-like grow th factorⅠin grow ing lambs[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1993,123(1):13-19.
[26] OVESEN J,M?LLER-MADSEN B,THOMSEN J S,et al.The positive effects of zinc on skeletal strength in grow ing rats[J].Bone,2001,29(6):565-570.
[27] EDER K,KIRCHGESSNER M. Zinc deficiency and concentrations of lipids in plasma and lipoproteins of rats force-fed a diet w ith linseed oil[J]. Trace Elements Elecrilytes,1994,(11):92.
[28] LEFEBVRE D,BECKERS F,KETELSLEGERS J M,et al. Zinc regulation of insulin-like grow th factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ),growth hormone receptor(GHR)and binding protein(G HBP)gene expression in rat cultured hepatocytes[J]. M olecular and Cellular Endocrinology,1998,138(1/2):127-136.
[2]王志武,孙建钢,孙锐锋,等.微量元素锌的生物学功能及其应用进展[J].饲料研究,2005(8):12-16.
[3]李聚才,张春珍,庞琪艳,等.动物微量元素锌营养研究进展[J]宁夏农林科技,2007(6):30-32.
[4]郝二英,张楠楠,谭晓萌,等.微量元素在家禽生产中的应用研究[J].饲料广角,2014(19):44-46.
[5]李敬玺.硒、铜、锌对动物营养的影响研究进展[J].河南科技学院学报(自然科学版),2005,33(3):36-42.
[6] ROBERSON K D,EDWARD H M,Jr. Effects of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and phytase on zinc utilization in broiler chicks[J]. Poultry Science,1994,73(8):1312-1326.
[7] DEWAR W A,WIGHT P A,PEARSON R A,et al.Toxic effects of high concentrations of zinc oxide in the diet of the chick and laying hen[J].British Poultry Science,1983,24(3):397-404.
[8]王余丁,赵国先,卢艳敏,等.微量元素锌与畜禽营养研究进展[J].河北农业大学学报,2002,25(1):110-114.
[9] SANDOVAL M,HENRY P R,AMMERMAN C B,et al. Relative bioavailability of supplemental inorganic zinc sources for chicks[J]. Journal of Animal Science,1997,75(12):3195-3205.
[10]马丽华.锌缺乏对畜禽繁殖性能的影响[J].饲料世界,2004(7):48-49.
[11]周玉传.大豆黄酮对绍鸭产蛋性能的影响及其作用的受体机制[D].博士学位论文.南京:南京农业大学,2003.
[12]张拴林,黄应祥,岳文斌,等.锌对雄性动物生殖的影响[J].黄牛杂志,2001,27(1):38-40.
[13]李柄耀,韩君.氨基酸微量元素螯合物在蛋禽生产中的应用[J].饲料博览,2005(7):46-48.
[14]庞金海,张莉,张春有,等.微量元素锌在动物健康及营养中的研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2002,23(2):41-43.
[15]任洁,范鑫,周占琴.锌对雄性动物繁殖性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2011,32(1):87-89.
[16] ABUBAKAR N,FU W L,ZHU X T.Effects of supplemental dietary zinc-methionine on the reproductive performance and plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone of Yuehuang broiler breeders[J]. Journal of South China Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition,2003,24(2):67-72.
[17]李梅清.蛋氨酸锌对皖西白鹅生殖性能的影响及机理研究[D].硕士学位论文.合肥:安徽农业大学,2007.
[18]王金和.富锌益生素对蛋鸡生产性能及免疫功能的影响[D].博士学位论文.长春:吉林大学,2017.
[19] SHAHEEN A A,EL-FATTAH A A A.Effect of dietary zinc on lipid peroxidation,glutathione,protein thiols levels and superoxide dismutase activity in rat tissues[J].The International Journal of Biochemistry&Cell Biology,1995,27(1):89-95.
[20]朱国生.日粮中添加蛋氨酸锌对蛋鸡高温季节产蛋性能的影响[J].饲料广角,2003(10):37-38.
[21]秦应和,徐振华,李福昌.日粮锌对肉兔生产性能、机体抗氧化酶和金属硫蛋白-1表达的影响(续)[J].饲料研究,2010(1):44-45,48.
[22]冯望宝,王安,艾涛.不同锌水平对笼养育成蛋鸭生长性能及总抗氧化能力的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2007,38(5):654-659.
[23]王宝维,陈苗璐,王秉翰,等.锌对5~15周龄鹅免疫、抗氧化功能、金属硫蛋白-Ⅰ基因表达量的影响及变量相关性分析[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(9):1825-1835.
[24]曲湘勇,彭灿阳,蔡超,等.有机微量元素对蛋鸡生产性能、血清抗氧化指标、蛋黄中微量元素含量及微量元素减排效果的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(7):2431-2439.
[25] DROKE E A,SPEARS J W,ARMSTRONG J D,et al.Dietary zinc affects serum concentrations of insulin and insulin-like grow th factorⅠin grow ing lambs[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1993,123(1):13-19.
[26] OVESEN J,M?LLER-MADSEN B,THOMSEN J S,et al.The positive effects of zinc on skeletal strength in grow ing rats[J].Bone,2001,29(6):565-570.
[27] EDER K,KIRCHGESSNER M. Zinc deficiency and concentrations of lipids in plasma and lipoproteins of rats force-fed a diet w ith linseed oil[J]. Trace Elements Elecrilytes,1994,(11):92.
[28] LEFEBVRE D,BECKERS F,KETELSLEGERS J M,et al. Zinc regulation of insulin-like grow th factor-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ),growth hormone receptor(GHR)and binding protein(G HBP)gene expression in rat cultured hepatocytes[J]. M olecular and Cellular Endocrinology,1998,138(1/2):127-136.