岷江流域不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳组分及酶活性的影响
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摘要
土壤有机碳组分和酶活性是土壤质量和环境变化的"指示器",了解土壤有机碳组分和酶活性及其对土地利用变化的响应对预测区域土壤质量和环境变迁具有重要意义。以岷江流域不同土地利用方式(次生林、人工林、灌草丛和坡耕地)为对象,测定其土壤易氧化有机碳(EOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、轻组有机碳(LFOC)和水溶性有机碳(WSOC)以及蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性,采用方差分析法对比分析了土壤有机碳组分及酶活性,并采用相关分析法分析了土壤有机碳各组分之间的关系,为该区未来土地利用管理提供科学依据。结果表明,不同土地利用方式下土壤总孔隙度(40.36%~47.81%)与土壤容重(0.75~1.38 g·cm-3)变化趋势相反,大致表现为次生林>人工林>灌草丛>坡耕地;不同土地利用方式下土壤养分(有机碳、全氮、全钾)均呈现出一致性规律,而不同土地利用方式下土壤全磷含量差异均不显著(P>0.05);与坡耕地相比,次生林、人工林和灌草丛土壤酶活性(土壤蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性)均有明显的增加,大致表现为次生林>人工林>灌草丛>坡耕地;EOC、POC、LFOC和WSOC均呈现出一致性规律,大致表现为次生林>人工林>灌草丛>坡耕地。相关性分析表明,土壤碳组分与土壤蔗糖酶、脱氢酶、脲酶和磷酸酶活性均呈显著或极显著的负相关(P<0.05,P<0.01),说明土壤微生物量碳是土壤有效养分的主要影响因素,其中土壤容重对土壤碳组分和酶活性贡献为负,土壤养分对土壤碳组分和酶活性贡献为正,这是造成不同土地利用方式土壤有机碳组分及酶活性差异的重要原因。
Land use types can cause the change of land ecology and biogeochemical cycle, then resulting in the change of soil property and land productivity. Soil organic carbon fractions and soil enzyme activity are sensitive indicators of soil quality and environmental change. Understanding responses of soil organic carbon fractions and soil enzyme activity to land use change is essential to predicate soil quality and environmental change at regional scale. Here, four typical land use systems were selected in Minjiang River Valley, including shrub-grassland, slope farmland, planted forest and secondary forest. Soil easily oxidized organic carbon(EOC), particulate organic carbon(POC), light fraction organic carbon(LFOC), water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC), soil enzyme activity(invertase, dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase) and their controls were measured. The results showed that the soil conductivity, bulk density and total porosity in sequence was secondary forest, planted forest, slope farmland and shrub-grassland with local fluctuated, and soil fertility(soil organic carbon and total nitrogen) of different land use types had the same variation trend which showed secondary forest>planted forest>shrub-grassland>slope farmland, while there was no significantly difference of different land use types in soil total phosphorus(P>0.05). Compared with slope farmland, there were significantly increase in soil microbial biomass(carbon and nitrogen) and soil enzyme activity(invertase, dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase), which ordered secondary forest>planted forest>shrub-grassland> slope farmland. Correlation analysis showed that there was an extremely significant difference between soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity(P<0.05, P<0.01), soil organic carbon and total nitrogen had an extremely significant difference with soil enzyme activity(P<0.01), while soil bulk density had an extremely negatively significant difference with soil microbial quantity, soil enzyme activity, which indicated that soil microbial biomass carbon was the main source of available nutrients, and soil bulk density had the negative contribution for soil microorganism quantity and enzyme activity. This was the mainly reason for the difference in soil microorganism quantity and enzyme activity, and the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were the main sources of nutrients.
Land use types can cause the change of land ecology and biogeochemical cycle, then resulting in the change of soil property and land productivity. Soil organic carbon fractions and soil enzyme activity are sensitive indicators of soil quality and environmental change. Understanding responses of soil organic carbon fractions and soil enzyme activity to land use change is essential to predicate soil quality and environmental change at regional scale. Here, four typical land use systems were selected in Minjiang River Valley, including shrub-grassland, slope farmland, planted forest and secondary forest. Soil easily oxidized organic carbon(EOC), particulate organic carbon(POC), light fraction organic carbon(LFOC), water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC), soil enzyme activity(invertase, dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase) and their controls were measured. The results showed that the soil conductivity, bulk density and total porosity in sequence was secondary forest, planted forest, slope farmland and shrub-grassland with local fluctuated, and soil fertility(soil organic carbon and total nitrogen) of different land use types had the same variation trend which showed secondary forest>planted forest>shrub-grassland>slope farmland, while there was no significantly difference of different land use types in soil total phosphorus(P>0.05). Compared with slope farmland, there were significantly increase in soil microbial biomass(carbon and nitrogen) and soil enzyme activity(invertase, dehydrogenase, urease and phosphatase), which ordered secondary forest>planted forest>shrub-grassland> slope farmland. Correlation analysis showed that there was an extremely significant difference between soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity(P<0.05, P<0.01), soil organic carbon and total nitrogen had an extremely significant difference with soil enzyme activity(P<0.01), while soil bulk density had an extremely negatively significant difference with soil microbial quantity, soil enzyme activity, which indicated that soil microbial biomass carbon was the main source of available nutrients, and soil bulk density had the negative contribution for soil microorganism quantity and enzyme activity. This was the mainly reason for the difference in soil microorganism quantity and enzyme activity, and the soil organic carbon and total nitrogen were the main sources of nutrients.
引文
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KEILUWEIT M,NICO P S,KLEBER M,et al.2016.Are oxygen limitations under recognized regulators of organic carbon turnover in upland soils?[J].Biogeochemistry,127(2-3):157-171.
LEFEVRE R,BARRE P,MOYANO F E,et al.2014.Higher temperature sensitivity for stable than for labile soil organic carbon-Evidence from incubations of long-term bare fallow soils[J].Global Change Biology,20(2):633-640.
LEHMANN J,KLEBER M.2015.The contentious nature of soil organic matter[J].Nature,528(7580):60-68.
LU W,DING W,ZHANG J,et al.2014.Biochar suppressed the decomposition of organic carbon in a cultivated sandy loam soil:a negative priming effect[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,76:12-21.
MAZZILLI S R,KEMANIAN A R,ERNST O R,et al.2014.Priming of soil organic carbon decomposition induced by corn compared to soybean crops[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,75:273-281.
WILD B,SCHNECKER J,ALVES R J E,et al.2014.Input of easily available organic C and N stimulates microbial decomposition of soil organic matter in arctic permafrost soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,75:143-151.
XU X,SCHIMEL J P,THORNTON P E,et al.2014.Substrate and environmental controls on microbial assimilation of soil organic carbon:a framework for Earth system models[J].Ecology Letters,17(5):547-555.
XU X,SHI Z,LI D J,et al.2016.Soil properties control decomposition of soil organic carbon:Results from data-assimilation analysis[J].Geoderma,262:235-242.
鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].2000.北京:中国农业出版社.
董林林,杨浩,于东升,等.2014.引黄灌区土壤有机碳密度剖面特征及固碳速率[J].生态学报,34(3):690-700.
傅伯杰,张立伟.2014.土地利用变化与生态系统服务:概念,方法与进展[J].地理科学进展,33(4):441-446.
李慧,汪景宽,裴久渤,等.2015.基于结构方程模型的东北地区主要旱田土壤有机碳平衡关系研究[J].生态学报,35(2):517-525.
李娟,廖洪凯,龙健,等.2013.喀斯特山区土地利用对土壤团聚体有机碳和活性有机碳特征的影响[J].生态学报,33(7):2147-2156.
李林海,郜二虎,梦梦,等.2013.黄土高原小流域不同地形下土壤有机碳分布特征[J].生态学报,33(1):179-187.
李明明,韩凤朋,刘恒博,等.2014.1992-2010年黄土高原小流域土壤有机碳时空变异性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,28(4):134-139.
李太魁,杨小林,寇长林,等.2016.可溶性有机碳在紫色土中的吸附及影响因素分析[J].生态环境学报,25(11):1836-1841.
刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.2014.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,69(1):3-14.
刘玲,王海燕,杨晓娟,等.2013.不同密度长白落叶松天然林土壤有机碳及养分特征[J].东北林业大学学报,41(2):51-55.
刘学彤,魏艳春,杨宪龙,等.2016.水蚀风蚀交错带不同退耕模式对土壤有机碳及全氮的影响[J].应用生态学报,27(1):91-98.
刘延惠,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.2013.六盘山南部华北落叶松人工林土壤有机碳含量[J].林业科学,48(12):1-9.
龙攀,隋鹏,高旺盛,等.2015.不同有机物料还田对农田土壤有机碳以及微生物量碳的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,20(3):153-160.
罗娅,杨胜天,刘晓燕,等.2014.黄河河口镇-潼关区间1998-2010年土地利用变化特征[J].地理学报,69(1):42-53.
彭华,纪雄辉,吴家梅,等.2016.不同稻草还田模式下双季稻土壤有机碳及碳库管理指数研究[J].生态环境学报,25(4):563-568.
盛浩,李洁,周萍,等.2015.土地利用变化对花岗岩红壤表土活性有机碳组分的影响[J].生态环境学报,24(7):1098-1102.
武晓森,周晓琳,曹凤明,等.2015.不同施肥处理对玉米产量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,(1):44-49.
杨帆,黄来明,李德成,等.2015.高寒山区地形序列土壤有机碳和无机碳垂直分布特征及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,52(6):1226-1236.
杨宁,杨满元,雷玉兰,等.2014.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地土壤酶活性对植被恢复的响应[J].生态环境学报,23(4):575-580.
杨瑞,刘帅,王紫泉,等.2016.秦岭山脉典型林分土壤酶活性与土壤养分关系的探讨[J].土壤学报,53(4):1037-1046.
杨勇,宋向阳,咏梅,等.2015.不同干扰方式对内蒙古典型草原土壤有机碳和全氮的影响[J].生态环境学报,24(2):204-210.
杨长明,欧阳竹,杨林章,等.2006.农业土地利用方式对华北平原土壤有机碳组分和团聚体稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,26(12):4148-4155.
袁淑芬,汪思龙,张伟东.2015.外源有机碳和温度对土壤有机碳分解的影响[J].土壤通报,2(4):916-922.
张仕吉,项文化,孙伟军,等.2016.中亚热带土地利用方式对土壤易氧化有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].生态环境学报,25(6):911-919.
张文锋,袁颖红,周际海,等.2016.长期施肥对红壤性水稻土碳库管理指数和双季水稻产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,25(4):569-575.
张晓平,朱道林,许祖学.2014.西藏土地利用多功能性评价[J].农业工程学报,30(6):185-194.
张志霞,许明祥,师晨迪,等.2014.黄土丘陵区不同地貌单元土壤有机碳空间变异的尺度效应[J].自然资源学报,29(7):1173-1184.
张忠启,于东升,潘剑君,等.2015.红壤典型区不同类型土壤有机碳组分构成及空间分异研究[J].土壤,47(2):318-323.
赵仁竹,汤洁,梁爽,等.2015.吉林西部盐碱田土壤蔗糖酶活性和有机碳分布特征及其相关关系[J].生态环境学报,24(2):244-249.
赵锐锋,张丽华,赵海莉,等.2013.黑河中游湿地土壤有机碳分布特征及其影响因素[J].地理科学,33(3):363-370.
朱渊,余斌,亓星,等.2014.地形条件对泥石流发育的影响--以岷江流域上游为例[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,44(1):268-277.
CASTELLANO M J,MUELLER K E,OLK D C,et al.2015.Integrating plant litter quality,soil organic matter stabilization,and the carbon saturation concept[J].Global Change Biology,21(9):3200-3209.
COTRUFO M F,SOONG J L,HORTON A J,et al.2015.Formation of soil organic matter via biochemical and physical pathways of litter mass loss[J].Nature Geoscience,8(10):ngeo2520.
GIARDINA C P,RYAN M G.2000.Evidence that decomposition rates of organic carbon in mineral soil do not vary with temperature[J].Nature,404(6780):858-861.
KEILUWEIT M,NICO P S,KLEBER M,et al.2016.Are oxygen limitations under recognized regulators of organic carbon turnover in upland soils?[J].Biogeochemistry,127(2-3):157-171.
LEFEVRE R,BARRE P,MOYANO F E,et al.2014.Higher temperature sensitivity for stable than for labile soil organic carbon-Evidence from incubations of long-term bare fallow soils[J].Global Change Biology,20(2):633-640.
LEHMANN J,KLEBER M.2015.The contentious nature of soil organic matter[J].Nature,528(7580):60-68.
LU W,DING W,ZHANG J,et al.2014.Biochar suppressed the decomposition of organic carbon in a cultivated sandy loam soil:a negative priming effect[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,76:12-21.
MAZZILLI S R,KEMANIAN A R,ERNST O R,et al.2014.Priming of soil organic carbon decomposition induced by corn compared to soybean crops[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,75:273-281.
WILD B,SCHNECKER J,ALVES R J E,et al.2014.Input of easily available organic C and N stimulates microbial decomposition of soil organic matter in arctic permafrost soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,75:143-151.
XU X,SCHIMEL J P,THORNTON P E,et al.2014.Substrate and environmental controls on microbial assimilation of soil organic carbon:a framework for Earth system models[J].Ecology Letters,17(5):547-555.
XU X,SHI Z,LI D J,et al.2016.Soil properties control decomposition of soil organic carbon:Results from data-assimilation analysis[J].Geoderma,262:235-242.
鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].2000.北京:中国农业出版社.
董林林,杨浩,于东升,等.2014.引黄灌区土壤有机碳密度剖面特征及固碳速率[J].生态学报,34(3):690-700.
傅伯杰,张立伟.2014.土地利用变化与生态系统服务:概念,方法与进展[J].地理科学进展,33(4):441-446.
李慧,汪景宽,裴久渤,等.2015.基于结构方程模型的东北地区主要旱田土壤有机碳平衡关系研究[J].生态学报,35(2):517-525.
李娟,廖洪凯,龙健,等.2013.喀斯特山区土地利用对土壤团聚体有机碳和活性有机碳特征的影响[J].生态学报,33(7):2147-2156.
李林海,郜二虎,梦梦,等.2013.黄土高原小流域不同地形下土壤有机碳分布特征[J].生态学报,33(1):179-187.
李明明,韩凤朋,刘恒博,等.2014.1992-2010年黄土高原小流域土壤有机碳时空变异性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,28(4):134-139.
李太魁,杨小林,寇长林,等.2016.可溶性有机碳在紫色土中的吸附及影响因素分析[J].生态环境学报,25(11):1836-1841.
刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.2014.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,69(1):3-14.
刘玲,王海燕,杨晓娟,等.2013.不同密度长白落叶松天然林土壤有机碳及养分特征[J].东北林业大学学报,41(2):51-55.
刘学彤,魏艳春,杨宪龙,等.2016.水蚀风蚀交错带不同退耕模式对土壤有机碳及全氮的影响[J].应用生态学报,27(1):91-98.
刘延惠,王彦辉,于澎涛,等.2013.六盘山南部华北落叶松人工林土壤有机碳含量[J].林业科学,48(12):1-9.
龙攀,隋鹏,高旺盛,等.2015.不同有机物料还田对农田土壤有机碳以及微生物量碳的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,20(3):153-160.
罗娅,杨胜天,刘晓燕,等.2014.黄河河口镇-潼关区间1998-2010年土地利用变化特征[J].地理学报,69(1):42-53.
彭华,纪雄辉,吴家梅,等.2016.不同稻草还田模式下双季稻土壤有机碳及碳库管理指数研究[J].生态环境学报,25(4):563-568.
盛浩,李洁,周萍,等.2015.土地利用变化对花岗岩红壤表土活性有机碳组分的影响[J].生态环境学报,24(7):1098-1102.
武晓森,周晓琳,曹凤明,等.2015.不同施肥处理对玉米产量及土壤酶活性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,(1):44-49.
杨帆,黄来明,李德成,等.2015.高寒山区地形序列土壤有机碳和无机碳垂直分布特征及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,52(6):1226-1236.
杨宁,杨满元,雷玉兰,等.2014.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地土壤酶活性对植被恢复的响应[J].生态环境学报,23(4):575-580.
杨瑞,刘帅,王紫泉,等.2016.秦岭山脉典型林分土壤酶活性与土壤养分关系的探讨[J].土壤学报,53(4):1037-1046.
杨勇,宋向阳,咏梅,等.2015.不同干扰方式对内蒙古典型草原土壤有机碳和全氮的影响[J].生态环境学报,24(2):204-210.
杨长明,欧阳竹,杨林章,等.2006.农业土地利用方式对华北平原土壤有机碳组分和团聚体稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,26(12):4148-4155.
袁淑芬,汪思龙,张伟东.2015.外源有机碳和温度对土壤有机碳分解的影响[J].土壤通报,2(4):916-922.
张仕吉,项文化,孙伟军,等.2016.中亚热带土地利用方式对土壤易氧化有机碳及碳库管理指数的影响[J].生态环境学报,25(6):911-919.
张文锋,袁颖红,周际海,等.2016.长期施肥对红壤性水稻土碳库管理指数和双季水稻产量的影响[J].生态环境学报,25(4):569-575.
张晓平,朱道林,许祖学.2014.西藏土地利用多功能性评价[J].农业工程学报,30(6):185-194.
张志霞,许明祥,师晨迪,等.2014.黄土丘陵区不同地貌单元土壤有机碳空间变异的尺度效应[J].自然资源学报,29(7):1173-1184.
张忠启,于东升,潘剑君,等.2015.红壤典型区不同类型土壤有机碳组分构成及空间分异研究[J].土壤,47(2):318-323.
赵仁竹,汤洁,梁爽,等.2015.吉林西部盐碱田土壤蔗糖酶活性和有机碳分布特征及其相关关系[J].生态环境学报,24(2):244-249.
赵锐锋,张丽华,赵海莉,等.2013.黑河中游湿地土壤有机碳分布特征及其影响因素[J].地理科学,33(3):363-370.
朱渊,余斌,亓星,等.2014.地形条件对泥石流发育的影响--以岷江流域上游为例[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,44(1):268-277.
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