非定常空化流致噪声的数值模拟
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摘要
采用计算流体力学与声学边界元法相结合对绕水翼非定常空化流动的负载噪声进行计算,同时基于球空泡理论的脉动体积法预测了空泡噪声.研究结果表明:无空化发生时,负载噪声以低频线谱特性为主,声波基频与尾涡脱落频率基本一致,线谱峰值发生于低阶谐频处;空化发生时,相比于负载噪声的线谱成分,连续谱增强较为显著,且负载噪声的总声压级相比无空化时有所增大,并且空泡噪声成为最主要噪声源,辐射噪声频谱呈宽谱特性;空泡噪声功率谱密度的第一和第二个峰值频率分别与空化脱落频率和尾涡脱落频率相对应,而空泡噪声的声能量密度集中在相对较高的频带范围内,这可能是由于云状空化阶段空穴尾部伴随着多尺度的空化泡生长脱落行为所致.
The loading noise of unsteady cavitating flow around a hydrofoil is calculated by combining CFD and acoustic boundary element method,meanwhile,the corresponding cavitation noise is predicted by bubble volume pulse method in spherical cavitation bubble theory. The results indicate that noncavitation loading noise is mainly subject to a linear spectrum at low frequency. Moreover,the acoustic fundamental frequency is basically the same as the vortex shedding frequency,and the spectrum peaks are at its low-order harmonics. However,when cavitation occurs,the continuous spectrum is significantly enhanced compared with the linear composition,and the overall acoustic pressure level of loading noise is increased compared with that of non-cavitation. In addition,the bubble noise becomes the main noise source with a broad spectrum. The first and second peak frequencies of the acoustic power spectrum density are consistent with the cloud cavitation and the trailing vortex shedding frequencies,respectively. Nevertheless,the acoustic power density of bubble noise is concentrated in the higher frequency bands,which may be resulted from the growth and shedding behavior of multi-scale bubbles behind the tail of cavity.
The loading noise of unsteady cavitating flow around a hydrofoil is calculated by combining CFD and acoustic boundary element method,meanwhile,the corresponding cavitation noise is predicted by bubble volume pulse method in spherical cavitation bubble theory. The results indicate that noncavitation loading noise is mainly subject to a linear spectrum at low frequency. Moreover,the acoustic fundamental frequency is basically the same as the vortex shedding frequency,and the spectrum peaks are at its low-order harmonics. However,when cavitation occurs,the continuous spectrum is significantly enhanced compared with the linear composition,and the overall acoustic pressure level of loading noise is increased compared with that of non-cavitation. In addition,the bubble noise becomes the main noise source with a broad spectrum. The first and second peak frequencies of the acoustic power spectrum density are consistent with the cloud cavitation and the trailing vortex shedding frequencies,respectively. Nevertheless,the acoustic power density of bubble noise is concentrated in the higher frequency bands,which may be resulted from the growth and shedding behavior of multi-scale bubbles behind the tail of cavity.
引文
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[18]LIGHTHILL M J.On sound generated aerodynamically[J].Proc Roy Soc(ser A),1952,211:564-587.
[19]赵宇,王国玉,黄彪,等.非定常空化流动涡旋运动及其流体动力特性[J].力学学报,2014,46(2):191-200.ZHAO Yu,WANG Guoyu,HUANG Biao,et al.Study of turbulent vortex and hydraulic dynamics in transient sheet/cloud cavitating flows[J].Chinese journal of theoretical and applied mechanics,2014,46(2):191-200.(in Chinese)
[20]GERRARD J H.Measurements of the sound from circular cylinders in an air stream[J].Proceedings of the Physical Society(section B),1995,68(7):453.
[21]WANG G Y,SENOCAK I,SHYY W.Dynamics of attached turbulent cavitating flows[J].Progress in aerospace sciences,2001,37(6):551-581.
[22]BAKIR F,REY R,GERBER A G,et al.Numerical and experimental investigations of the cavitating behavior of an inducer[J].International journal of rotating machinery,2004,10(1):15-25.
[23]黄彪.非定常空化流动机理及数值计算模型研究[D].北京:北京理工大学,2013.
[24]BIN J I,LUO X,PENG X,et al.Three-dimensional large eddy simulation and vorticity analysis of unsteady cavitating flow around a twisted hydrofoil[J].Journal of hydrodynamics(ser B),2013,25(4):510-519.
[2]刘竹青,陈奕宏,熊紫英,等.螺旋桨空化噪声时域和频域特征研究[C]//第十四届船舶水下噪声学术讨论会论文集,2013.
[3]SEOL H,SUH J C,LEE S.Development of hybrid method for the prediction of underwater propeller noise[J].Journal of sound and vibration,2005,288(1):345-360.
[4]SEOL H,JUNG B,SUH J C,et al.Prediction of noncavitating underwater propeller noise[J].Journal of sound and vibration,2002,257(1):131-156.
[5]孙红星,朱锡清.螺旋桨离散谱噪声计算研究[J].船舶力学,2003(4):105-109.SUN Hongxing,ZHU Xiqing.Study on discrete noise induced by marine propeller[J].Journal of ship mechanics,2003(4):105-109.(in Chinese)
[6]高霄鹏,杨国桢.水面舰船流噪声基本声场的数值研究[J].海军工程大学学报,2013,25(1):74-78.GAO Xiaopeng,YANG Guozhen.Numerical research on fluid noise of surface ship[J].Journal of Naval University of Engineering,2013,25(1):74-78.(in Chinese)
[7]张漫.螺旋桨无空泡噪声的数值预报研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2013.
[8]黄景泉.空泡起始和溃灭阶段的噪声[J].应用数学和力学,1990(8):725-730.HUANG Jingquan.Noise at inception and collapse of a cavity[J].Applied mathematics and mechanics,1990(8):725-730.(in Chinese)
[9]戚定满,鲁传敬.单空泡演化及辐射噪声[J].上海交通大学学报,1998,32(12):50-54.QI Dingman,LU Chuanjing.Growth and collapse of single bubble and its noise[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,1998,32(12):50-54.(in Chinese)
[10]蒲中奇,张伟,施克仁,等.双空泡溃灭及空化噪声的建模[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2005,45(11):1450-1452.PU Zhongqi,ZHANG Wei,SHI Keren,et al.Noise generation during the simultaneous collapse of two bubbles[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(science&technology),2005,45(11):1450-1452.(in Chinese)
[11]胡健.螺旋桨空泡性能及低噪声螺旋桨设计研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2006.
[12]王国栋.螺旋桨水动力、空泡和噪声性能预报方法研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2013.
[13]朱志峰.基于N-S方程的舰船螺旋桨空泡噪声特征研究[D].南京:东南大学,2011.
[14]杨琼方,王永生,张明敏.不均匀伴流场中螺旋桨空化的黏性流数值模拟和低频噪声预测[J].声学学报,2012,37(6):583-594.YANG Qiongfang,WANG Yongsheng,ZHANG Mingmin.Propeller cavitation viscous simulation and low-frequency noise prediction with non-uniform inflow[J].Acta acustica,2012,37(6):583-594.(in Chinese)
[15]况贶,张永坤.时域螺旋桨空泡噪声的球空泡脉动体积方法[J].舰船科学技术,2012,34(2):22-29.KUANG Kuang,ZHANG Yongkun.Prediction of propeller cavitation noise using bubble volume pulse method in time domain[J].Ship science and technology,2012,34(2):22-29.(in Chinese)
[16]阮辉,廖伟丽,黄永,等.水翼的空化噪声数值预报研究[J].西安理工大学学报,2015,31(1):67-71.RUAN Hui,LIAO Weili,HUANG Yong,et al.Research on cavitation noise numerical prediction of hydrofoil[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Technology,2015,31(1):67-71.(in Chinese)
[17]HUANG B,ZHAO Y,WANG G.Large eddy simulation of turbulent vortex-cavitation interactions in transient sheet/cloud cavitating flows[J].Computers&fluids,2014,92:113-124.
[18]LIGHTHILL M J.On sound generated aerodynamically[J].Proc Roy Soc(ser A),1952,211:564-587.
[19]赵宇,王国玉,黄彪,等.非定常空化流动涡旋运动及其流体动力特性[J].力学学报,2014,46(2):191-200.ZHAO Yu,WANG Guoyu,HUANG Biao,et al.Study of turbulent vortex and hydraulic dynamics in transient sheet/cloud cavitating flows[J].Chinese journal of theoretical and applied mechanics,2014,46(2):191-200.(in Chinese)
[20]GERRARD J H.Measurements of the sound from circular cylinders in an air stream[J].Proceedings of the Physical Society(section B),1995,68(7):453.
[21]WANG G Y,SENOCAK I,SHYY W.Dynamics of attached turbulent cavitating flows[J].Progress in aerospace sciences,2001,37(6):551-581.
[22]BAKIR F,REY R,GERBER A G,et al.Numerical and experimental investigations of the cavitating behavior of an inducer[J].International journal of rotating machinery,2004,10(1):15-25.
[23]黄彪.非定常空化流动机理及数值计算模型研究[D].北京:北京理工大学,2013.
[24]BIN J I,LUO X,PENG X,et al.Three-dimensional large eddy simulation and vorticity analysis of unsteady cavitating flow around a twisted hydrofoil[J].Journal of hydrodynamics(ser B),2013,25(4):510-519.