微生物颗粒复合肥的研制与特性研究
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摘要
为了减少化学肥料的施用量和有效利用低品位磷矿石,采用微生物与尿素复合研制出一种微生物颗粒复合肥。该肥料含有20%的80目含磷20%的磷矿粉、50%尿素、10%碳酸钙、10%羧甲基淀粉钠和5%解淀粉芽孢杆菌B9601-Y2、5%胶质类芽孢杆菌K3,有效菌量为5×10~6CFU/g,含水量为5%,颗粒直径约0.3 cm。盆栽试验结果表明,与不施肥空白对照相比,施用该微生物颗粒复合肥能提高35.90%玉米根长、36.82%型高和63.93%鲜重;与多施5%尿素的无菌颗粒肥相比,仍能提高14.20%玉米根长、10.10%型高和14.28%鲜重。该微生物颗粒复合肥在10%以上含水量的土壤中易于崩解,其中的2个菌株稳定性好,且能在红壤土中很好地定殖。
In order to reduce the application rate of chemical fertilizer,and to effectively use low-grade phosphate ore,we adopted microbes and urea to develop a granular compound biofertilizer(GCB).This GCB consists of 20% 80-mesh ground phosphate rock containing 20% phosphorus,50% urea,10% calcium carbonate,10% sodium carboxymethyl starch,5% Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B9601-Y2,5% Paenibacillus mucilaginosus K3,and 5% water; the effective bacterial quantity of this GCB reaches 5× 10~6 CFU/g,and its particle diameter is about 0.3 cm.The results of pot experiment showed that:in comparison with the blank control without fertilization,applying this GCB could increase the root length,type height,and fresh weight of maize seedlings by 35.90%,36.82% and 63.93%,respectively; as compared with using the granular compound fertilizer without microbes and with 5% more urea,using this GCB also could increase the root length,type height,and fresh weight of maize seedlings by 14.20%,10.10% and 14.28%,separately.The GCB disintegrated easily in the soil with 10% more water content,and its two microbial strains were stable and could well colonize in red loam.
In order to reduce the application rate of chemical fertilizer,and to effectively use low-grade phosphate ore,we adopted microbes and urea to develop a granular compound biofertilizer(GCB).This GCB consists of 20% 80-mesh ground phosphate rock containing 20% phosphorus,50% urea,10% calcium carbonate,10% sodium carboxymethyl starch,5% Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B9601-Y2,5% Paenibacillus mucilaginosus K3,and 5% water; the effective bacterial quantity of this GCB reaches 5× 10~6 CFU/g,and its particle diameter is about 0.3 cm.The results of pot experiment showed that:in comparison with the blank control without fertilization,applying this GCB could increase the root length,type height,and fresh weight of maize seedlings by 35.90%,36.82% and 63.93%,respectively; as compared with using the granular compound fertilizer without microbes and with 5% more urea,using this GCB also could increase the root length,type height,and fresh weight of maize seedlings by 14.20%,10.10% and 14.28%,separately.The GCB disintegrated easily in the soil with 10% more water content,and its two microbial strains were stable and could well colonize in red loam.
引文
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[9]吴兴兴,吴毅歆,赵正龙,等.4种PGPR菌株拌种对干旱条件下蚕豆生长及产量的影响[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(2):203-207.
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[12]刘云华.溶磷菌Burkholderia cenocepacia筛选、应用及溶磷机理的初步研究[D].昆明:云南农业大学,2014.
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[2]魏世辕,熊祥祖,王威,等.离子交换法除去湿法磷酸中铁离子的研究[J].浙江化工,2010,41(1):25-27.
[3]黄铁平,吴远帆,何宝生,等.湖南省农作物化肥使用量零增长行动策略:基于矿质营养与有机营养并重使用的分析[J].农业现代化研究,2016,37(5):885-891.
[4]张海鹏,刘强,彭建伟,等.中低品位磷矿在农业生产上的应用展望[J].南方农业学报,2012,43(4):477-480.
[5]Saueia C H,Mazzilli B P,Fávaro D I T.Natural radioactivity in phosphate rock,phosphogysum and phosphorate fertilizer in Brazil[J].Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2005,264(2):445-448.
[6]刘拴成,杨进成,马丽华,等.解淀粉芽孢杆菌B9601-Y2提高玉米生长和产量的效应[J].玉米科学,2010,18(6):28-32.
[7]崔文艳,何朋杰,尚娟,等.解淀粉芽孢杆菌B9601-Y2对玉米的防病促生长效果研究[J].玉米科学,2015,23(5):153-158.
[8]程少丽,张俊祥,何月秋,等.生防菌株B9601-Y2对作物生长和产量的影响[J].长江蔬菜,2012(2):54-58.
[9]吴兴兴,吴毅歆,赵正龙,等.4种PGPR菌株拌种对干旱条件下蚕豆生长及产量的影响[J].干旱区研究,2012,29(2):203-207.
[10]He P,Hao K,Blom J,et al.Genome sequence of the plant growth promoting strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp.plantarum B9601-Y2 and expression of mersacidin and other secondary metabolites[J].Journal of Biotechnology,2012,164(2):281-291.
[11]胡洲,吴毅歆,毛自朝,等.硅酸盐细菌的分离、鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J].江西农业大学学报,2013,35(3):609-614.
[12]刘云华.溶磷菌Burkholderia cenocepacia筛选、应用及溶磷机理的初步研究[D].昆明:云南农业大学,2014.
[13]盛下放.硅酸盐细菌NBT菌株在小麦根际定殖的初步研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(11):1914-1916.
[14]Castro L,Tourn S.Direct application of phosphate rocks and glauconite as alternative sources of fertilizer in Argentina[J].Explor Mining Geol,2003,12:71-78.