天然裂缝对压裂改造效果的影响
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摘要
断层和天然裂缝的发育对页岩气储层水力压裂改造效果影响很大。为了查清其影响,首先利用三维叠后地震资料曲率和相干属性识别天然裂缝,其次利用微地震监测定位结果和水力压裂施工数据,分析天然裂缝的活动性及其对压裂改造效果的影响。结果表明,活动性天然裂缝对水力压裂裂缝的几何形态和压裂施工造成不同程度的影响,而非活动性天然裂缝对水力压裂裂缝的展布形态以及施工并无明显影响。研究结果可以为后期水平井轨迹的优化和水力压裂施工参数的调整提供参考依据。
Practices have shown that comprehensive research techniques for seismic and microseismic monitoring results are very beneficial for the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.Based on the research of 3 Dseismic fracture properties,combined with microseismic monitoring mapping results and hydraulic fracturing construction data,we analyze in this paper the activities of natural fractures and its impacts during fracturing operation.The results have shown that active natural cracks will affect the geometry of hydraulic fracturing cracks and hydraulic fracturing construction,while non-active natural crack zones have no obvious influence on the distribution and construction of hydraulic fracturing cracks.These results can provide a reference for the optimization of horizontal well trajectory and the adjustment of hydraulic fracturing construction parameters.
Practices have shown that comprehensive research techniques for seismic and microseismic monitoring results are very beneficial for the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.Based on the research of 3 Dseismic fracture properties,combined with microseismic monitoring mapping results and hydraulic fracturing construction data,we analyze in this paper the activities of natural fractures and its impacts during fracturing operation.The results have shown that active natural cracks will affect the geometry of hydraulic fracturing cracks and hydraulic fracturing construction,while non-active natural crack zones have no obvious influence on the distribution and construction of hydraulic fracturing cracks.These results can provide a reference for the optimization of horizontal well trajectory and the adjustment of hydraulic fracturing construction parameters.
引文
[1] 刘振武,撒利明,巫芙蓉,等.中国石油集团非常规油气微地震监测技术现状及发展方向[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(5):843-853.LIU Zhenwu,SA Liming,WU Furong,et al.Microseismic monitor technology status for unconventional resource E & P and its future development in CNPC[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(5):843-853.
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[15] Gersztenkorn A,Marfurt K J.Eigenstructure-based coherence computations as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigrapgic mapping[J].Geophysics,1999,64(5):1468-1479.
[16] 王雷,陈海清,陈国文,等.应用曲率属性预测裂缝发育带及其产状[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(6):885-889. WANG Lei,CHEN Haiqing,CHEN Guowen,et al.Application of curvature attributes in predicting fracture-developed zone and its orientation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(6):885-889.
[17] Sigismondi E M,Soldo C J.Curvature attributes andseismic interpretation: Case studies from Argentinabasins[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(11):1112-1126.
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[19] Hart B S,Pearson R,Rawling G C.3-D seismic horizon-based approaches to fracture-swarm sweet spot definition in tight-gas reservoirs[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(1):28-35.
[20] 邓金根,陈峥嵘,耿亚楠.页岩储层地应力预测模型的建立和求解[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(6):59-64.DENG Jin'gen,CHEN Zhengrong,GENG Ya'nan.Prediction model for in-situ formation stress in shale reservoirs[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2013,37(6):59-64.
[2] 梁兵,朱广生.油气田勘探开发中的微震监测方法[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2004,5-6.
[3] 容娇君,李彦鹏,徐刚,等.微地震裂缝检测技术应用实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(5):919-924.RONG Jiaojun,LI Yanpeng,XU Gang,et al.Fracture detection with microseismic[J].Oil Geophysical Pro-specting,2015,50(5):919-924.
[4] 刘博,梁雪莉,容娇君,等.非常规油气层压裂微地震监测技术及应用[J].石油地质与工程,2016,30(1):142-145.LIU Bo,LIANG Xueli,RONG Jiaojun,et al.The microseismic monitoring technology of unconventional reservoir fracturing and application[J].Petroleum Geo-logy and Engineering,2016,30(1):142-145.
[5] Yang R Z,Zhao Z G,Peng W J,et al.Integrated application of 3D seismic and microseismic data in the development of tight gas reservoirs[J].Applied Geophysics,2013,10(2):157-169.
[6] Baig A,Urbancic T.Microseismic moment tensors: A path to understanding frac growth[J].The Leading Edge,2010,29(3):320-324.
[7] Maxwell S C,Jones M,Parker R,et al.Fault activation during hydraulic fracturing[J].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2009,28:1552-1556.
[8] Rich J,Ammerman M.Unconventional geophysics for unconventional plays[C].SPE Unconventional Gas Conference,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USA,2010.
[9] Cipolla C L,Mack M G,Maxwell S C,et al.A practical guide to interpreting microseismic measurements[C].North American Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition,The Woodlands,Texas,USA,2011.
[10] Lambert M A,Birkelo B,Montgomery S,et al.Stimulated reservoir volume estimated from microseismicity recorded at the surface:A case study from the Eagle Ford[C].SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2017,36:2846-2850.
[11] 李红梅.微地震监测技术在非常规油气藏压裂效果综合评估中的应用[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(3):129-134. LI Hongmei.Application of micro-seismic monitoring technology to unconventional hydrocarbon reservoir fracturing evaluation[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(3):129-134.
[12] 刘传虎.地震相干分析技术在裂缝油气藏预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2001,36(2):238-244.LIU Chuanhu.Application of seismic coherent analysis technology to prediction of fractured reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2001,36(2):238-244.
[13] Bahorich M,Farmer S.3-D seismic discontinuity for faults and stratigraphic features: The coherence cube[J].The Leading Edge,1995,14(10):1053-1058.
[14] Marfurt K J,Kirlin R L,Farmer S L,et al.3-D seismic attributes using a running window semblance based algorithm[J].Geophysics,1998,63(4):1150-1165.
[15] Gersztenkorn A,Marfurt K J.Eigenstructure-based coherence computations as an aid to 3-D structural and stratigrapgic mapping[J].Geophysics,1999,64(5):1468-1479.
[16] 王雷,陈海清,陈国文,等.应用曲率属性预测裂缝发育带及其产状[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(6):885-889. WANG Lei,CHEN Haiqing,CHEN Guowen,et al.Application of curvature attributes in predicting fracture-developed zone and its orientation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(6):885-889.
[17] Sigismondi E M,Soldo C J.Curvature attributes andseismic interpretation: Case studies from Argentinabasins[J].The Leading Edge,2003,22(11):1112-1126.
[18] Roberts A.Curvature attributes and their application to 3D interpreted horizons[J].First Break,2001,19(2):85-100.
[19] Hart B S,Pearson R,Rawling G C.3-D seismic horizon-based approaches to fracture-swarm sweet spot definition in tight-gas reservoirs[J].The Leading Edge,2002,21(1):28-35.
[20] 邓金根,陈峥嵘,耿亚楠.页岩储层地应力预测模型的建立和求解[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2013,37(6):59-64.DENG Jin'gen,CHEN Zhengrong,GENG Ya'nan.Prediction model for in-situ formation stress in shale reservoirs[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science),2013,37(6):59-64.