1990–2015年中国草原和荒漠草原的时空变化及其对温室气体的封存潜力
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摘要
针对中国草原、荒漠草原生态系统承载的温室气体量在区域大尺度上无法有效量化的问题,本研究通过生态系统温室气体值(green-house gas value,GHGV)模型,利用国内1990–2015年共6期的草原、荒漠草原的土地利用数据,开展草原时空变化分析,结合全球和中国本地化后的两套模拟参数分别模拟分析中国草原、荒漠草原近25年来对3类主要温室气体(CO2、CH4、N2O)的封存潜力。结果显示,研究时段内,草原、荒漠草原的面积呈下降趋势,对温室气体的封存潜力有所减弱,封存的温室气体减少了1.93 Pg·CO2-eq–1。通过对比参数本地化和模型自带参数的模拟结果发现,本地化参数后草原、荒漠草原生态系统的温室气体模拟值均大于使用全球参数的模拟值。本研究同时发现,从草原面积到草地的碳储量,当前研究均面临量值差异的挑战,亟待开展更多深入的研究。
Since the amount of greenhouse gases carried by China's steppe and desert steppe ecosystems cannot be effectively quantified on a large scale in the region, this study utilized the greenhouse gas value(GHGV) model and land-use data to analyze spatiotemporal changes in steppe data. The two sets of simulation parameters(global and localized) were combined to simulate the storage potential of three major types of greenhouse gases(CO2, CH4, N2 O) in China's steppe and desert steppe ecosystems in the past 25 years. During the study period, the area of the steppe and desert steppe showed a downward trend, and the storage potential of greenhouse gases was weakened. The stored greenhouse gas was reduced by1.93 Pg·CO2-equivalent–1. Comparing the localization parameter with the simulation results of the model's own parameters,revealed that the simulated greenhouse gas values for the steppe and desert steppe ecosystems with localization parameters were larger than the simulated values using global parameters. Furthermore, this study found that the current research is facedwith the challenge of quantitative difference from steppe area to steppe carbon storage, and additional in-depth research is urgently needed.
Since the amount of greenhouse gases carried by China's steppe and desert steppe ecosystems cannot be effectively quantified on a large scale in the region, this study utilized the greenhouse gas value(GHGV) model and land-use data to analyze spatiotemporal changes in steppe data. The two sets of simulation parameters(global and localized) were combined to simulate the storage potential of three major types of greenhouse gases(CO2, CH4, N2 O) in China's steppe and desert steppe ecosystems in the past 25 years. During the study period, the area of the steppe and desert steppe showed a downward trend, and the storage potential of greenhouse gases was weakened. The stored greenhouse gas was reduced by1.93 Pg·CO2-equivalent–1. Comparing the localization parameter with the simulation results of the model's own parameters,revealed that the simulated greenhouse gas values for the steppe and desert steppe ecosystems with localization parameters were larger than the simulated values using global parameters. Furthermore, this study found that the current research is facedwith the challenge of quantitative difference from steppe area to steppe carbon storage, and additional in-depth research is urgently needed.
引文
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[2]JMO S,HALL D O.The global carbon sink:a grassland perspective.Global Change Biology,1998,4(2):229-233.
[3]方精云,郭兆迪,朴世龙,陈安平.1981~2000年中国陆地植被碳汇的估算.中国科学:地球科学,2007,37(6):804-812.FANG J Y,GUO Z D,PIAO S L,CHEN A P.Estimation of carbon sequestration in terrestrial vegetation in China from 1981 to2000.Scientia Sinica Terrae,2007,37(6):804-812.
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[5]CUI Y P,LIU J Y,HU Y F,KUANG W H,XIE Z L.An analysis of temporal evolution of NDVI in various vegetation-climate regions in Inner Mongolia,China.Procedia Environmental Sciences,2012,13:1989-1996.
[6]李硕,姜哲浩,张德罡,聂中南,陈建纲,胡新振,陈璐,袁子茹,任灵.青海省祁连县高寒草甸草原土壤有机碳分布特征.草业科学,2016,33(8):1469-1475.LI S,JIANG Z H,ZHANG D G,NIE Z N,CHEN J G,HU X Z,CHEN L,YUAN Z R,REN L.Distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon in northern slope of alpine meadow stepppe in Qilian mountains in Qilian County,Qinghai Province.Pratacultural science,2016,33(8):1469-1475.
[7]杨晗蕾,陈先江,侯扶江.陇东黄土高原草地与畜粪夏季的温室气体排放.草业科学,2016,33(8):1454-1459.YANG H L,CHEN X J,HOU F J.Greenhouse gases emissions of rangeland and livestock manure in the eastern Gansu Loess Plateau in summer.Pratacultural Science,2016,33(8):1454-1459.
[8]周李磊,朱华忠,钟华平,杨华.新疆伊犁地区草地土壤全碳含量空间格局分析.草业科学,2016,33(10):1963-1974.ZHOU L L,ZHU H Z,ZHONG H P,YANG H.Spatial analysis of the soil total carbon in Ili,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China.Pratacultural science,2016,33(10):1963-1974.
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[11]NI J.Carbon storage in grasslands of China.Journal of Arid Environments,2002,50(2):205-218.
[12]PIAO S L,FANG J Y,ZHOU L M,TAN K,TAO S.Changes in biomass carbon stocks in China's grasslands between 1982 and1999.Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2007,21(2):1-10.
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[18]CHRISTIANSEN J R,GUNDERSEN P.Stand age and tree species affect N2O and CH4 exchange from afforested soils.Biogeosciences,2011,8(9):2535-2546.
[19]KIRSCHBAUM M U,SAGGAR S,TATE K R,THAKUR K P,GILTRAPD L.Quantifying the climate-change consequences of shifting land use between forest and agriculture.Science of the Total Environment,2013,465(6):314-324.
[20]MILES L,KAPOS V.Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from deforestation and forest degradation:Global land-use implications.Science,2008,320:1454-1455.
[21]LAI L,HUANG X,YANG H,ZHANG M,ZHONG T,CHEN Z,CHEN Y,WANG X,Thompson J R.Carbon emissions from land-use change and management in China between 1990 and 2010.Science Advances,2016,2(11):e1601063.
[22]EGGLESTON S,BUENDIA L,MIWA K.2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories.Kanagawa,Japan:Institute for Global Environmental Strategies,2006.
[23]ANDERSON-TEIXEIRA K J,DELUCIA E H.The greenhouse gas value of ecosystems.Global Change Biology,2011,17(1):425-438.
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[25]BAYER A D,PUGH T A,KRAUSE A,ARNETH A.Historical and future quantification of terrestrial carbon sequestration from a Greenhouse-Gas-Value perspective.Global Environmental Change,2015,32:153-164.
[26]秦大河,罗勇,陈振林,任贾文,沈永平.气候变化科学的最新进展:IPCC第四次评估综合报告解析.气候变化研究进展,2007,3(6):311-314.QIN D H,LUO Y,CHEN Z L,REN J W,SHEN Y P.Latest advances in climate change sciences:interpretation of the synthesis report of the IPCC fourth assessment report.Advances in Climate Change Research,2007,3(6):311-314.
[27]KASIMIR-KLEMEDTSSON A,KLEMEDTSSON L,BERGLUND K,MARTIKAINEN P,SILVOLA J,OENEMA O.Greenhouse gas emissions from farmed organic soils:A review.Soil Use&Management,2010,13(S4):245-250.
[28]刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,徐新良,秦元伟,宁佳,周万村,张树文,李仁东.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局.地理学报,2014,69(1):3-14.LIU J Y,KUANG W H,ZHANG Z X,XU X L,QIN Y W,NING J,ZHOU W C,ZHANG S W,LI R D.Spatiotemporal characteristics,patterns,and causes of land-use changes in China since the late 1980s.Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,69(1):3-14.
[29]钟华平,樊江文,于贵瑞,韩彬,胡中民,岳燕珍,梁飚.草地生态系统碳循环研究进展.草地学报,2005,13(Z1):67-73.ZHONG H P,FAN J W,YU G R,HAN B,HU Z M,YUE Y Z,LIANG B.Progress of carbon cycle research in grassland ecosystem.Acta Agrestia Sinica,2005,13(Z1):67-73.
[30]罗天祥,李文华,冷允法,岳燕珍.青藏高原自然植被总生物量的估算与净初级生产量的潜在分布.地理研究,1998,17(4):337-344.LUO T X,LI W H,LENG Y F,YUE Y Z.Estimation of total biomass and potential distribution of net primary productivity in the Tibetan plateau.Geographical Research,1998,17(4):337-344.
[31]方精云,刘国华,徐嵩龄.我国森林植被的生物量和净生产量.生态学报,1996,16(5):497-508.FANG J Y,LIU G H,XU S L.Biomass and net production of forest vegetation in China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,1996,16(5):497-508.
[32]樊江文,钟华平,梁飚,石培礼,于贵瑞.草地生态系统碳储量及其影响因素.中国草地学报,2003,25(6):51-58.FAN J W,ZHONG H P,LIANG B,SHI P L,YU G R.Carbon stock in grassland ecosystem and its affecting factors.Grassland of China,2003,25(6):51-58.
[33]黄玫,季劲钧,曹明奎,李克让.中国区域植被地上与地下生物量模拟.生态学报,2006,26(12):4156-4163.HUANG M,JI J J,CAO M K,LI K R.Modeling study of vegetation shoot and root biomass in China.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(12):4156-4163.
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