川中地区洗象池组有利沉积相带分布预测
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摘要
近年来,四川盆地川中地区下寒武统龙王庙组油气勘探取得了重大突破,中上寒武统洗象池组也获得了工业气井和见到了良好的钻井显示。但是对洗象池组油气地质条件和油气富集规律的认识程度较低,尤其有利沉积相带的分布规律有待进一步明晰。通过岩心观察和微观特征研究,确定了川中地区洗象池组的沉积相标志,结合测井相分析,对多口典型井进行了沉积相划分与对比。结果表明:(1)徐庄—凤山期为局限海台地环境,具备台内滩、局限台坪和滩间海3种沉积相类型;(2)颗粒滩具有厚度总体较薄、多期叠置的特征,纵向上主要发育在洗象池组洗二段和洗三段,横向上,在现今乐山—龙女寺古隆起背景下,上斜坡带较古隆起顶部更发育,表现为发育期次多、厚度大;(3)利用井—震结合分析,发现中—上寒武统由斜坡向古隆起方向具有明显上超现象,广探2井区在中晚寒武世处于坡折带,有利于滩体发育。结论认为:乐山—龙女寺古隆起控制了坡折带的分布,进而控制了颗粒滩的分布位于坡折带的上斜坡为颗粒滩最有利发育区。
Recently, the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in central Sichuan Basin has made great breakthrough. Moreover, industrial gas flow and better drilling shows have been obtained from the Middle to Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation. However, for Xixiangchi Formation, its geological conditions and hydrocarbon accumulation laws are less understood, especially the distribution laws of favorable sedimentary-facies belts should be further made clear. In this study, the sedimentary-facies indicators of Xixiangchi Formation, central Sichuan Basin, were determined by means of core observation and microscopic investigation. And facies classification and comparison were conducted on multiple typical wells on the basis of electrofacies analysis. Results show that(1) from Xuzhuangian to Fengshangian, it was in a sedimentary environment of restricted marine platform, and there are three sedimentary-facies types, including intra-platform beach, restricted platform flat, and inter-beach sea;(2) grain beaches are characterized by smaller thickness and multiphase superimposition. Vertically, they are mainly developed in Xixiangchi 2 and 3 members. Laterally, the upper slope is more developed than the top of paleo-uplift, presenting the characteristics of multiple development stages and large thickness under the current Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift; and(3) an integrated well-seismic analysis illustrates that Middle to Upper Cambrian onlap is obvious from the slope to the paleo-uplift, and GT2 well area located at the slope break belt during middle to late Cambrian is favorable for the development of beach bodies. In conclusion, the Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift controls the distribution of slope break belt, and even the grain beaches; and the upper slope situated in the slope break belt is the most favorable for the development of grain beaches.
Recently, the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in central Sichuan Basin has made great breakthrough. Moreover, industrial gas flow and better drilling shows have been obtained from the Middle to Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation. However, for Xixiangchi Formation, its geological conditions and hydrocarbon accumulation laws are less understood, especially the distribution laws of favorable sedimentary-facies belts should be further made clear. In this study, the sedimentary-facies indicators of Xixiangchi Formation, central Sichuan Basin, were determined by means of core observation and microscopic investigation. And facies classification and comparison were conducted on multiple typical wells on the basis of electrofacies analysis. Results show that(1) from Xuzhuangian to Fengshangian, it was in a sedimentary environment of restricted marine platform, and there are three sedimentary-facies types, including intra-platform beach, restricted platform flat, and inter-beach sea;(2) grain beaches are characterized by smaller thickness and multiphase superimposition. Vertically, they are mainly developed in Xixiangchi 2 and 3 members. Laterally, the upper slope is more developed than the top of paleo-uplift, presenting the characteristics of multiple development stages and large thickness under the current Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift; and(3) an integrated well-seismic analysis illustrates that Middle to Upper Cambrian onlap is obvious from the slope to the paleo-uplift, and GT2 well area located at the slope break belt during middle to late Cambrian is favorable for the development of beach bodies. In conclusion, the Leshan-Longnvsi paleo-uplift controls the distribution of slope break belt, and even the grain beaches; and the upper slope situated in the slope break belt is the most favorable for the development of grain beaches.
引文
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[8]李皎,何登发.四川盆地及邻区寒武纪古地理与构造-沉积环境演化[J].古地理学报,2014,16(4):441-460.Li Jiao&He Dengfa.Palaeogeography and tectonic-depositional environment evolution of the Cambrian in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(4):441-460.
[9]邹才能,杜金虎,徐春春,汪泽成,张宝民,魏国齐,等.四川盆地震旦系-寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):278-293.Zou Caineng,Du Jinhu,Xu Chunchun,Wang Zecheng,Zhang Baomin,Wei Guoqi,et al.The formation distribution,resource potential and exploration discovery of the Sinian-Cambrian giant gas field in Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2014,41(3):278-293.
[10]李凌,谭秀成,赵路子,刘宏,夏吉文,罗冰.碳酸盐台地内部滩相薄储集层预测--以四川盆地威远地区寒武系洗象池群为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(3):334-340.Li Ling,Tan Xiucheng,Zhao Luzi,Liu Hong,Xia Jiwen&Luo Bing.Prediction of thin shoal-facies reservoirs in the carbonate platform interior:A case from the Cambrian Xixiangchi group of the Weiyuan area,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2013,40(3):334-340.
[11]杨威,谢武仁,魏国齐,刘满仓,曾富英,谢增业,等.四川盆地寒武纪-奥陶纪层序岩相古地理、有利储层展布与勘探区带[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):21-34.Yang Wei,Xie Wuren,Wei Guoqi,Liu Mancang,Zeng Fuying,Xie Zengye,et al.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography,favorable reservoir distribution and exploration zones of the Cambrian and Ordovician in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S2):21-34.
[12]李伟,余华琪,邓鸿斌.四川盆地中南部寒武系地层划分对比与沉积演化特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):681-690.Li Wei,Yu Huaqi&Deng Hongbin.Stratigraphic division and correlation and sedimentary characteristics of the Cambrian in central-southern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2012,39(6):681-690.
[13]张满郎,谢增业,李熙喆,谷江锐,杨威,刘满仓.四川盆地寒武纪岩相古地理特征[J].沉积学报,2010,28(1):128-139.Zhang Manlang,Xie Zengye,Li Xizhe,Gu Jiangrui,Yang Wei&Liu Mancang.Characteristics of lithofacies paleogeography of Cambrian in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(1):128-139.
[14]冉隆辉,谢姚祥,戴弹申.四川盆地东南部寒武系含气前景新认识[J].天然气工业,2008,28(5):5-9.Ran Longhui,Xie Yaoxiang&Dai Tanshen.New knowledge of gas-bearing potential in Cambrian system of Southeast Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(5):5-9.
[15]徐世琦,代宗仰,蒋小光,谢冰,张光荣.古隆起区带寒武系洗象池群成藏条件与勘探前景分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2006,29(4):4-8.Xu Shiqi,Dai Zongyang,Jiang Xiaoguang,Xie Bing&Zhang Guangrong.Oil and gas exploration prospects of Cambrian Xixiangchi member in palaeo-uplift zone[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2006,29(4):4-8.
[16]冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎,蒋盘良,鲍志东,罗璋,等.中国南方寒武纪岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2001,3(1):1-14.Feng Zengzhao,Peng Yongmin,Jin Zhenkui,Jiang Panliang,Bao Zhidong,Luo Zhang,et al.Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cambrian in South China[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2001,3(1):1-14.
[17]冯伟明,谢渊,刘建清,汪正江,林家善,黄学平.上扬子下寒武统龙王庙组沉积模式与油气勘探方向[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(3):106-111.Feng Weiming,Xie yuan,Liu Jianqing,Wang Zhengjiang,Lin Jiashan&Huang Xueping.Sedimentary model and hydrocarbon exploration targets of the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in the Upper Yangtze area[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2014,33(3):106-111.
[18]马腾,谭秀成,李凌,曾伟,金民东,罗冰,等.四川盆地早寒武世龙王庙期沉积特征与古地理[J].沉积学报,2016,34(1):33-48.Ma Teng,Tan Xiucheng,Li Ling,Zeng Wei,Jin Mindong,Luo Bing,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and lithofacies palaeogeography during Longwangmiao period of Early Cambrian,Sichuan Bain[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2016,34(1):33-48.
[19]李伟,易海永,胡望水,杨庚,熊璇.四川盆地加里东古隆起构造演化与油气聚集的关系[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):8-15.Li Wei,Yi Haiyong,Hu Wangshui,Yang Geng&Xiong Xuan.Tectonic evolution of Caledonian paleohigh in the Sichuan Basin and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):8-15.
[2]李文正,周进高,张建勇,郝毅,曾乙洋,倪超,等.四川盆地洗象池组储集层的主控因素与有利区分布[J].天然气工业,2016,36(1):52-60.Li Wenzheng,Zhou Jingao,Zhang Jianyong,Hao Yi,Zeng Yiyang,Ni Chao,et al.Main controlling factors and favorable zone distribution of Xixiangchi formation reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(1):52-60.
[3]陈文,刘鑫,曾乙洋.川中地区洗象池组小层划分及沉积演化特征[J].天然气勘探与开发,2016,39(1):6-8.Chen Wen,Liu Xin&Zeng Yiyang.Substrata division and sedimentary evolution of Xixiangchi formation,central Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2016,39(1):6-8.
[4]井攀,徐芳艮,肖尧,姚艳波,周瑞琪,余箐,等.川中南部地区上寒武统洗象池组沉积相及优质储层台内滩分布特征[J].东北石油大学学报,2016,40(1):40-50.Jin Pan,Xu Fanggen,Xiao Yao,Yao Yanbo,Zhou Ruiqi,Yu Jing,et al.The bank facies distribution of upper Cambrian Xixiangchi formation in the southern area of central Sichuan basin[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2016,40(1):40-50.
[5]石书缘,胡素云,洪海涛,姜华,王铜山,徐安娜,等.四川盆地寒武系洗象池组白云岩储层特征及油气勘探前景[C]//2015年全国沉积学大会沉积学与非常规资源论文摘要集.武汉:长江大学地球科学学院,2015.Shi Shuyuan,Hu Suyun,Hong Haitao,Jiang Hua,Wang Tongshan,Xu Anna,et al.The characteristics of dolomite reservoir and the prospect of oil and gas exploration of Cambrian Xixiangchi formation in Sichuan Basin[C]//National Congress of Sedimentology,2015.
[6]李文正,周进高,张建勇,郝毅,曾乙洋,倪超.四川盆地洗象池组储层形成主控因素与分布[C]//2015年全国沉积学大会沉积学与非常规资源论文摘要集.武汉:长江大学地球科学学院,2015.Li Wenzheng,Zhou Jingao,Zhang Jianyong,Hao Yi,Zeng Yiyang&Ni Chao.The main factors controlling the formation and distribution of Xixiangchi formation reservoir in Sichuan Basin[C]//National Congress of sedimentology,2015.
[7]贾鹏,李伟,卢远征.四川盆地寒武系洗象池组层序地层及沉积相分析[C]//2015年全国沉积学大会沉积学与非常规资源论文摘要集.武汉:长江大学地球科学学院,2015.Jia Peng,Li Wei&Lu Yuanzheng.Analysis of Sequence and Sedimentary Facies of the Cambrian Xixiangchi formation in Sichuan Basin[C]//National Congress of Sedimentology,2015.
[8]李皎,何登发.四川盆地及邻区寒武纪古地理与构造-沉积环境演化[J].古地理学报,2014,16(4):441-460.Li Jiao&He Dengfa.Palaeogeography and tectonic-depositional environment evolution of the Cambrian in Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2014,16(4):441-460.
[9]邹才能,杜金虎,徐春春,汪泽成,张宝民,魏国齐,等.四川盆地震旦系-寒武系特大型气田形成分布、资源潜力及勘探发现[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(3):278-293.Zou Caineng,Du Jinhu,Xu Chunchun,Wang Zecheng,Zhang Baomin,Wei Guoqi,et al.The formation distribution,resource potential and exploration discovery of the Sinian-Cambrian giant gas field in Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2014,41(3):278-293.
[10]李凌,谭秀成,赵路子,刘宏,夏吉文,罗冰.碳酸盐台地内部滩相薄储集层预测--以四川盆地威远地区寒武系洗象池群为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(3):334-340.Li Ling,Tan Xiucheng,Zhao Luzi,Liu Hong,Xia Jiwen&Luo Bing.Prediction of thin shoal-facies reservoirs in the carbonate platform interior:A case from the Cambrian Xixiangchi group of the Weiyuan area,Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2013,40(3):334-340.
[11]杨威,谢武仁,魏国齐,刘满仓,曾富英,谢增业,等.四川盆地寒武纪-奥陶纪层序岩相古地理、有利储层展布与勘探区带[J].石油学报,2012,33(增刊2):21-34.Yang Wei,Xie Wuren,Wei Guoqi,Liu Mancang,Zeng Fuying,Xie Zengye,et al.Sequence lithofacies paleogeography,favorable reservoir distribution and exploration zones of the Cambrian and Ordovician in Sichuan Basin,China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(S2):21-34.
[12]李伟,余华琪,邓鸿斌.四川盆地中南部寒武系地层划分对比与沉积演化特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(6):681-690.Li Wei,Yu Huaqi&Deng Hongbin.Stratigraphic division and correlation and sedimentary characteristics of the Cambrian in central-southern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2012,39(6):681-690.
[13]张满郎,谢增业,李熙喆,谷江锐,杨威,刘满仓.四川盆地寒武纪岩相古地理特征[J].沉积学报,2010,28(1):128-139.Zhang Manlang,Xie Zengye,Li Xizhe,Gu Jiangrui,Yang Wei&Liu Mancang.Characteristics of lithofacies paleogeography of Cambrian in Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(1):128-139.
[14]冉隆辉,谢姚祥,戴弹申.四川盆地东南部寒武系含气前景新认识[J].天然气工业,2008,28(5):5-9.Ran Longhui,Xie Yaoxiang&Dai Tanshen.New knowledge of gas-bearing potential in Cambrian system of Southeast Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry,2008,28(5):5-9.
[15]徐世琦,代宗仰,蒋小光,谢冰,张光荣.古隆起区带寒武系洗象池群成藏条件与勘探前景分析[J].天然气勘探与开发,2006,29(4):4-8.Xu Shiqi,Dai Zongyang,Jiang Xiaoguang,Xie Bing&Zhang Guangrong.Oil and gas exploration prospects of Cambrian Xixiangchi member in palaeo-uplift zone[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2006,29(4):4-8.
[16]冯增昭,彭勇民,金振奎,蒋盘良,鲍志东,罗璋,等.中国南方寒武纪岩相古地理[J].古地理学报,2001,3(1):1-14.Feng Zengzhao,Peng Yongmin,Jin Zhenkui,Jiang Panliang,Bao Zhidong,Luo Zhang,et al.Lithofacies palaeogeography of the Cambrian in South China[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2001,3(1):1-14.
[17]冯伟明,谢渊,刘建清,汪正江,林家善,黄学平.上扬子下寒武统龙王庙组沉积模式与油气勘探方向[J].地质科技情报,2014,33(3):106-111.Feng Weiming,Xie yuan,Liu Jianqing,Wang Zhengjiang,Lin Jiashan&Huang Xueping.Sedimentary model and hydrocarbon exploration targets of the Lower Cambrian Longwangmiao Formation in the Upper Yangtze area[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2014,33(3):106-111.
[18]马腾,谭秀成,李凌,曾伟,金民东,罗冰,等.四川盆地早寒武世龙王庙期沉积特征与古地理[J].沉积学报,2016,34(1):33-48.Ma Teng,Tan Xiucheng,Li Ling,Zeng Wei,Jin Mindong,Luo Bing,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and lithofacies palaeogeography during Longwangmiao period of Early Cambrian,Sichuan Bain[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2016,34(1):33-48.
[19]李伟,易海永,胡望水,杨庚,熊璇.四川盆地加里东古隆起构造演化与油气聚集的关系[J].天然气工业,2014,34(3):8-15.Li Wei,Yi Haiyong,Hu Wangshui,Yang Geng&Xiong Xuan.Tectonic evolution of Caledonian paleohigh in the Sichuan Basin and its relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(3):8-15.