柴达木盆地东坪气田基岩储层裂缝建模方法研究
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摘要
东坪气田基岩气藏是罕见的非常规裂缝性气藏,有效模拟天然裂缝的发育状况及展布特征十分困难。针对这一问题,在分析东坪气田基岩气藏储集空间特征的基础上,确立了基岩储层DFN离散裂缝模型的建立思路。先基于成像测井解释的裂缝倾角、裂缝方位角等裂缝特性参数,将东坪基岩储层裂缝分为两组走向近似垂直的天然裂缝,分别模拟了两组天然裂缝的密度分布。再以裂缝密度曲线作为目标曲线、地震综合属性体作为趋势约束体,建立了DFN离散裂缝分布模型。通过提取裂缝密度、孔隙度及渗透率等属性参数,研究了东坪基岩储层裂缝的分布特征,发现裂缝主要受断层控制,平面上和纵向上均存在强的非均匀发育特性。最后,运用东坪基岩储层生产动态特征和气藏数值模拟的产量历史拟合效果检验了DFN离散裂缝模型对基岩储层的适用性。研究成果可为非常规基岩储层的裂缝模拟提供强有力的技术手段。
The bedrock gas reservoir in the Dongping Gas Field is a rare and unconventional fractured gas reservoir, and it is challenging to model the development and distribution of the naturally occurring fractures in the area. We aimed to solve this problem by establishing a Discrete Fracture Network(DFN) model of the bedrock reservoir based on the spatial characteristics of the reservoir in the Dongping gas field. We first divided these natural fractures in the Dongping Gas Field into two roughly perpendicular groups based on fracture characteristics measured in image logs, such as the inclination angle and azimuth, and we modelled the density distribution of each group. A DFN model was then built using a fracture density curve as the target curve and seismic attributes as constraints. By extracting attribute parameters such as fracture density, porosity, and permeability,we studied the distribution characteristics of the fractures in the Dongping bedrock reservoir. The results showed that these fractures are generally controlled by faults, and there is strong non-uniform development along both horizontal and vertical axes. Finally, this paper validates that the DFN model is suitable for bedrock reservoirs by demonstrating fitting between the dynamic characteristics of production in the Dongping bedrock reservoir and the modelled production of the gas reservoir.
The bedrock gas reservoir in the Dongping Gas Field is a rare and unconventional fractured gas reservoir, and it is challenging to model the development and distribution of the naturally occurring fractures in the area. We aimed to solve this problem by establishing a Discrete Fracture Network(DFN) model of the bedrock reservoir based on the spatial characteristics of the reservoir in the Dongping gas field. We first divided these natural fractures in the Dongping Gas Field into two roughly perpendicular groups based on fracture characteristics measured in image logs, such as the inclination angle and azimuth, and we modelled the density distribution of each group. A DFN model was then built using a fracture density curve as the target curve and seismic attributes as constraints. By extracting attribute parameters such as fracture density, porosity, and permeability,we studied the distribution characteristics of the fractures in the Dongping bedrock reservoir. The results showed that these fractures are generally controlled by faults, and there is strong non-uniform development along both horizontal and vertical axes. Finally, this paper validates that the DFN model is suitable for bedrock reservoirs by demonstrating fitting between the dynamic characteristics of production in the Dongping bedrock reservoir and the modelled production of the gas reservoir.
引文
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[4] GHAHFAROKHI P K. The structured gridding implications for upscaling model discrete fracture networks(DFN)using corrected Oda's method[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,153:70-80. doi:10.1016/-j.petrol.2017.03.027
[5]张烈辉,贾鸣,张芮菡,等.裂缝性油藏离散裂缝网络模型与数值模拟[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(3):121-127. doi:10.11885/j.issn. 1674-5086.-2016.03.31.03ZHANG Liehui, JIA Ming, ZHANG Ruihan, et al. Discrete fracture network modeling and numerical simulation of fractured reservoirs[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition), 2017, 39(3):121-127. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2016.03.31.03
[6] MI Lidong,JIANG Hanqiao, LI Junjian. The impact of diffusion type on multiscale discrete fracture model numerical simulation for shale gas[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering, 2014, 20(2):74-81. doi:10.1016/j.-jngse.2014.06.013
[7]唐明明,张金亮.基于随机扩展方法的致密油储层裂缝建模研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(1):63-72. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2015.07.-18.01TANG Mingming, ZHANG Jinliang. Study on fracture modeling of tight oil reservoir based on random expansion method[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition), 2017, 39(1):63-72.doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2015.07.18.01
[8]吕心瑞,韩东,李红凯.缝洞型油藏储集体分类建模方法研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(1):68-77. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2016.07.-21.03LU Xinrui, HANG Dong, LI Hongkai. Study on the classification and modeling of fracture-vug oil deposits[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition), 2018, 40(1):68-77. doi:10.11885/j.issn.-1674-5086.2016.07.21.03
[9] SHAKIBA M, FILHO J S D A, SEPEHRNOORI K. Using embedded discrete fracture model(EDFM)in numeri-cal simulation of complex hydraulic fracture networks calibrated by microseismic monitoring data[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2018, 55:495-507.doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2018.04.019
[10]商克俭,冯东梅,叶礼友,等.裂缝-孔隙型双重介质气藏开发影响分析[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(2):107-114. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.-2017.01.08.02SHANG Kejian, FENG Dongmei, YE Liyou, et al. Analysis of the influence of the development of fractureporosity-type volcanic gas reservoir[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2018, 40(2):107-114. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2017.01.08.02
[11]贺陆明,赵清润,董雪梅,等.地震属性技术在油气藏研究中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007, 27(增1):485-486.HE Luming, ZHAO Qingrun, DONG Xuemei, et al. Application of seismic attribute technology in reservoir research[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2007, 27(S1):485-486.
[12]曾忠,阎世信,魏修成,等.地震属性解释技术的研究及确定性分析[J].天然气工业,2006, 26(3):41-43.ZENG Zhong, YAN Shixin, WEI Xiucheng, et al. Study on seismic attribute interpretation technology and its deterministic analysis[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2006, 26(3):41-43.
[13]赵向原,胡向阳,曾联波,等.四川盆地元坝地区长兴组礁滩相储层天然裂缝有效性评价[J].天然气工业, 2017,37(2):52-61. doi:10.3787/j.issn. 1000-0976.-2017.02.007ZHAO Xiangyuan, HU Xiangyang, ZENG Lianbo, et al.Evaluation on the effectiveness of natural fractures in reef-flat facies reservoirs of Changxing Fm in Yuanba Area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2017, 37(2):52-61. doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2017.02.007
[14]李毓.储层裂缝的测井识别及其地质建模研究[J].测井技术,2009, 33(6):575-578. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1338.2009.06.017LI Yu. Logging Identification and Geological Modeling of Reservoir Fractures[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2009,33(6):575-578. doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1004-1338.2009.-06.017
[15]王彬,王军,谭亦然,等.基于DFN的页岩气储层裂缝建模研究[J].石油化工应用,2015, 34(12):62-65.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5285.2015.12.018WANG Bin, WANG Jun, TAN Yiran, et al. Shale gas reservoir fracture modeling research base on discrete fracturenetwork model[J]. Petrochemical Industry Application,2015, 34(12):62-65. doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1673-5285.-2015.12.018
[16]张流,周永胜.储层裂缝发育程度的判别准则[J].石油学报,2004, 25(4):33-37. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2004.04.007ZHANG Liu,ZHOU Yongsheng. Criteria for judging the development degree of reservoir fractures[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2004, 25(4):33-37. doi:10.3321/J.ISSN:0253-2697.2004.04.007
[17]童凯军,程奇,聂玲玲,等.变质岩潜山储集层有效性评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2015, 36(5):780-787.doi:10.11743/ogg20150509TONG Kaijun,CHENG Qi,NIE Lingling,et al.Evaluation of effectiveness of metamorphosed basement buried hill reservoirs[J]. Oil&Gas Geology, 2015, 36(5):780-787. doi:10.11743/ogg20150509
[18]印兴耀,贺维胜,黄旭日.贝叶斯-序贯高斯模拟方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005, 29(5):28-32. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-5870.2005.05.006YIN Xingyao, HE Weisheng, HUANG Xuri. Bayesian sequential Gaussian simulation method[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum(natural science edition), 2005,29(5):28-32. doi:10.3321/jISSN:1000-5870.2005.05.006
[19]肖阳,刘国平,韩春元,等.冀中坳陷深层碳酸盐岩储层天然裂缝发育特征与主控因素[J].天然气工业,2018, 38(11):33-42. doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2018.11.004XIAO Yang, LIU Guoping, HAN Chunyuan, et al. Development characteristics and main controlling factors of natural fractures in deep carbonate reservoirs in the Jizhong Depression[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018, 38(11):33-42.doi:10.3787/j.issn. 1000-0976.2018.11.004
[20]秦启荣,张烈辉,刘莉萍,等.裂缝孔隙度数值评价技术[J].天然气工业,2004,24(2):47-51.doi:10.3321/-j.issn:1000-0976.2004.02.014QIN Qirong,ZHANG Liehui,LIU Liping,et al. Fracture porosity numerical evaluation technology[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2004, 24(2):47-51. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0976.2004.02.014
[2]郎晓玲,郭召杰.基于DFN离散裂缝网络模型的裂缝性储层建模方法[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(6):964-972. doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.-2013.128LANG Xiaoling, GUO Zhaojie. Fractured reservoir modeling method based on discrete fracture network model[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinen-sis, 2013, 49(6):964-972. doi:10.13209/j.0479-8023.-2013.128
[3]梁宇涛,刘鹏程,冯高城.基于蚂蚁追踪技术的裂缝型储层建模方法[J].复杂油气藏,2014, 7(3):11-15.LIANG Yutao, LIU Pengcheng, FENG Gaocheng. Modeling of fractured reservoirs based on ant tracking technology[J]. Complex Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, 2014, 7(3):11-15.
[4] GHAHFAROKHI P K. The structured gridding implications for upscaling model discrete fracture networks(DFN)using corrected Oda's method[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering,2017,153:70-80. doi:10.1016/-j.petrol.2017.03.027
[5]张烈辉,贾鸣,张芮菡,等.裂缝性油藏离散裂缝网络模型与数值模拟[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(3):121-127. doi:10.11885/j.issn. 1674-5086.-2016.03.31.03ZHANG Liehui, JIA Ming, ZHANG Ruihan, et al. Discrete fracture network modeling and numerical simulation of fractured reservoirs[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition), 2017, 39(3):121-127. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2016.03.31.03
[6] MI Lidong,JIANG Hanqiao, LI Junjian. The impact of diffusion type on multiscale discrete fracture model numerical simulation for shale gas[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science&Engineering, 2014, 20(2):74-81. doi:10.1016/j.-jngse.2014.06.013
[7]唐明明,张金亮.基于随机扩展方法的致密油储层裂缝建模研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(1):63-72. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2015.07.-18.01TANG Mingming, ZHANG Jinliang. Study on fracture modeling of tight oil reservoir based on random expansion method[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition), 2017, 39(1):63-72.doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2015.07.18.01
[8]吕心瑞,韩东,李红凯.缝洞型油藏储集体分类建模方法研究[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(1):68-77. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2016.07.-21.03LU Xinrui, HANG Dong, LI Hongkai. Study on the classification and modeling of fracture-vug oil deposits[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition), 2018, 40(1):68-77. doi:10.11885/j.issn.-1674-5086.2016.07.21.03
[9] SHAKIBA M, FILHO J S D A, SEPEHRNOORI K. Using embedded discrete fracture model(EDFM)in numeri-cal simulation of complex hydraulic fracture networks calibrated by microseismic monitoring data[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2018, 55:495-507.doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2018.04.019
[10]商克俭,冯东梅,叶礼友,等.裂缝-孔隙型双重介质气藏开发影响分析[J].西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(2):107-114. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.-2017.01.08.02SHANG Kejian, FENG Dongmei, YE Liyou, et al. Analysis of the influence of the development of fractureporosity-type volcanic gas reservoir[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2018, 40(2):107-114. doi:10.11885/j.issn.1674-5086.2017.01.08.02
[11]贺陆明,赵清润,董雪梅,等.地震属性技术在油气藏研究中的应用[J].天然气工业,2007, 27(增1):485-486.HE Luming, ZHAO Qingrun, DONG Xuemei, et al. Application of seismic attribute technology in reservoir research[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2007, 27(S1):485-486.
[12]曾忠,阎世信,魏修成,等.地震属性解释技术的研究及确定性分析[J].天然气工业,2006, 26(3):41-43.ZENG Zhong, YAN Shixin, WEI Xiucheng, et al. Study on seismic attribute interpretation technology and its deterministic analysis[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2006, 26(3):41-43.
[13]赵向原,胡向阳,曾联波,等.四川盆地元坝地区长兴组礁滩相储层天然裂缝有效性评价[J].天然气工业, 2017,37(2):52-61. doi:10.3787/j.issn. 1000-0976.-2017.02.007ZHAO Xiangyuan, HU Xiangyang, ZENG Lianbo, et al.Evaluation on the effectiveness of natural fractures in reef-flat facies reservoirs of Changxing Fm in Yuanba Area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2017, 37(2):52-61. doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2017.02.007
[14]李毓.储层裂缝的测井识别及其地质建模研究[J].测井技术,2009, 33(6):575-578. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1338.2009.06.017LI Yu. Logging Identification and Geological Modeling of Reservoir Fractures[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2009,33(6):575-578. doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1004-1338.2009.-06.017
[15]王彬,王军,谭亦然,等.基于DFN的页岩气储层裂缝建模研究[J].石油化工应用,2015, 34(12):62-65.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5285.2015.12.018WANG Bin, WANG Jun, TAN Yiran, et al. Shale gas reservoir fracture modeling research base on discrete fracturenetwork model[J]. Petrochemical Industry Application,2015, 34(12):62-65. doi:10.3969/J.ISSN.1673-5285.-2015.12.018
[16]张流,周永胜.储层裂缝发育程度的判别准则[J].石油学报,2004, 25(4):33-37. doi:10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2004.04.007ZHANG Liu,ZHOU Yongsheng. Criteria for judging the development degree of reservoir fractures[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2004, 25(4):33-37. doi:10.3321/J.ISSN:0253-2697.2004.04.007
[17]童凯军,程奇,聂玲玲,等.变质岩潜山储集层有效性评价[J].石油与天然气地质,2015, 36(5):780-787.doi:10.11743/ogg20150509TONG Kaijun,CHENG Qi,NIE Lingling,et al.Evaluation of effectiveness of metamorphosed basement buried hill reservoirs[J]. Oil&Gas Geology, 2015, 36(5):780-787. doi:10.11743/ogg20150509
[18]印兴耀,贺维胜,黄旭日.贝叶斯-序贯高斯模拟方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2005, 29(5):28-32. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-5870.2005.05.006YIN Xingyao, HE Weisheng, HUANG Xuri. Bayesian sequential Gaussian simulation method[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum(natural science edition), 2005,29(5):28-32. doi:10.3321/jISSN:1000-5870.2005.05.006
[19]肖阳,刘国平,韩春元,等.冀中坳陷深层碳酸盐岩储层天然裂缝发育特征与主控因素[J].天然气工业,2018, 38(11):33-42. doi:10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2018.11.004XIAO Yang, LIU Guoping, HAN Chunyuan, et al. Development characteristics and main controlling factors of natural fractures in deep carbonate reservoirs in the Jizhong Depression[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018, 38(11):33-42.doi:10.3787/j.issn. 1000-0976.2018.11.004
[20]秦启荣,张烈辉,刘莉萍,等.裂缝孔隙度数值评价技术[J].天然气工业,2004,24(2):47-51.doi:10.3321/-j.issn:1000-0976.2004.02.014QIN Qirong,ZHANG Liehui,LIU Liping,et al. Fracture porosity numerical evaluation technology[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2004, 24(2):47-51. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0976.2004.02.014