抽吸式微取心PDC钻头的研究与应用
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摘要
常规PDC钻头切削产生的粉状或片状岩屑颗粒不便于地质录井,对此提出了一种新型抽吸式微取心PDC钻头。该抽吸式微取心PDC钻头取消了常规PDC钻头心部的主切削齿,设置特殊的水力结构,使钻头心部在钻进过程中形成一定直径的竖直岩心并适时折断,通过负压抽吸作用将断的微岩心从钻头体内部流道带离井底。结合破岩仿真与液固两相流理论,研究了在岩心、岩屑与钻井液混合流动的流场中,射流喷嘴直径的大小对取心通道中抽吸效果的影响规律。数值模拟结果表明,对于拟定条件下钻头直径为215.9 mm的微取心PDC钻头,当射流喷嘴直径为8 mm时,从排心孔排出的岩心、岩屑和钻井液的质量较高,其负压腔的抽吸效果较好。室内及现场试验表明:采集的岩心以柱状为主,岩心完整性和采集率高;在磨溪111井位嘉陵江组二段3亚段至长兴组上部地层,获总进尺805.65 m,平均机械钻速为4.57 m/h,最高机械钻速可达7.4 m/h;该钻头在嘉陵江组二段3亚段至飞仙关组一段(总进尺742 m)的机械钻速比该区块同层位的其他常规PDC钻头高出了50%以上。
The powder or schistose rock particles produced by the cutting of conventional PDC drill bit are not conductive to geological logging.Accordingly,a new suction-type micro coring PDC drill bit was presented.The new PDC drill bit removes the main cutters in the center of the PDC drill bit where vertical cores with a certain diameter are generated and then broken in a timely manner during drilling.Based on a special hydraulic design,under the action of negative pressure,the broken cores are sucked from the bottom of the well through the internal coring channel of the bit.Based on the theories of rock breaking simulation and liquid-solid two-phase flow,the influence laws of the jet nozzle diameter on the suction effect in core channel were studied in the field of mixed flows with cores,rock cuttings and drilling fluid.The numerical simulation results show that when the jet nozzle diameter of 8 mm is assembled in the micro coring PDC drill bit with 215.9 mm bit diameter under certain conditions,the mass of cores,rock cuttings and drilling fluid exhausted from discharge core hole is the highest,showing the optimal suction effect of negative pressure chamber.Indoor and field tests show that the collected cores are mainly columnar with high core integrity and collection rate.From Jiaer3 to the upper of Changxing at Well Moxi 111,the total footage is 805.65 m,the average rate of penetration is 4.57 m/h,the highest rate of penetration is 7.4 m/h and the rate of penetration from Jiaer3 to Feiyi(total footage of 742 m)is higher than other horizons in the same block by 50% and above.
The powder or schistose rock particles produced by the cutting of conventional PDC drill bit are not conductive to geological logging.Accordingly,a new suction-type micro coring PDC drill bit was presented.The new PDC drill bit removes the main cutters in the center of the PDC drill bit where vertical cores with a certain diameter are generated and then broken in a timely manner during drilling.Based on a special hydraulic design,under the action of negative pressure,the broken cores are sucked from the bottom of the well through the internal coring channel of the bit.Based on the theories of rock breaking simulation and liquid-solid two-phase flow,the influence laws of the jet nozzle diameter on the suction effect in core channel were studied in the field of mixed flows with cores,rock cuttings and drilling fluid.The numerical simulation results show that when the jet nozzle diameter of 8 mm is assembled in the micro coring PDC drill bit with 215.9 mm bit diameter under certain conditions,the mass of cores,rock cuttings and drilling fluid exhausted from discharge core hole is the highest,showing the optimal suction effect of negative pressure chamber.Indoor and field tests show that the collected cores are mainly columnar with high core integrity and collection rate.From Jiaer3 to the upper of Changxing at Well Moxi 111,the total footage is 805.65 m,the average rate of penetration is 4.57 m/h,the highest rate of penetration is 7.4 m/h and the rate of penetration from Jiaer3 to Feiyi(total footage of 742 m)is higher than other horizons in the same block by 50% and above.
引文
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[23]单秀琴,张静,张宝民,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩岩溶储层特征及溶蚀作用证据[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):17-29.SHAN Xiuqin,ZHANG Jing,ZHANG Baomin,et al.Dolomite karst reservoir characteristics and dissolution evidences of Sinian Dengying Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):17-29.
[24]李武广,钟兵,杨洪志,等.页岩储层基质气体扩散能力评价新方法[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):88-96.LI Wuguang,ZHONG Bing,YANG Hongzhi,et al.A new method for gas diffusivity evaluation in matrix rocks of shale reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):88-96.
[2]薛冰,张金川,唐玄,等.黔西北龙马溪组页岩微观孔隙结构及储气特征[J].石油学报,2015,36(2):138-149.XUE Bing,ZHANG Jinchuan,TANG Xuan,et al.Characteristics of microscopic pore and gas accumulation on shale in Longmaxi Formation,Northwest Guizhou[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(2):138-149.
[3]陈东旭,章凤奇,陈汉林,等.新生代辉绿岩岩体识别及油气地质意义——以中国东北地区方正断陷为例[J].石油学报,2016,37(6):757-767.CHEN Dongxu,ZHANG Fengqi,CHEN Hanlin,et al.Identification and hydrocarbon geological significance of Cenozoic diabase rock:a case study of Fangzheng faulted sag,NE China[J].ActaPetrolei Sinica,2016,37(6):757-767.
[4]王佑宁,惠卓雄,刘志刚,等.PDC钻头条件下岩性识别新技术探讨[J].录井技术,2003,14(4):1-7.WANG Youning,HUI Zhuoxiong,LIU Zhigang,et al.The discussion on the lithology identification technique with the PDC bit[J].Mud Logging Technology,2003,14(4):1-7.
[5]朱日房,张林晔,李钜源,等.页岩滞留液态烃的定量评价[J].石油学报,2015,36(1):13-18.ZHU Rifang,ZHANG Linye,LI Juyuan,et al.Quantitative evaluation of residual liquid hydrocarbons in shale[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(1):13-18.
[6]刘敬寿,戴俊生,王珂,等.斜井岩心裂缝产状校正方法及其应用[J].石油学报,2015,36(1):67-73.LIU Jingshou,DAI Junsheng,WANG Ke,et al.An approach to correct the core fracture attitude in deviated boreholes and its application[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2015,36(1):67-73.
[7]杨登科,汤强,罗云.提高PDC钻头地质录井质量的探析[J].广东石油化工学院学报,2012,22(4):61-63.YANG Dengke,TANG Qiang,LUO Yun.How to improve logging quality while drilling with PDC bit[J].Journal of Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology,2012,22(4):61-63.
[8]DESMETTE S D J,DESCHAMPS B,BIRCH R M,et al.Drilling hard and abrasive rock efficiently or generating quality cuttings?You no longer have to choose[R].SPE116554,2008.
[9]DESCHAMPS B,DESMETTE S D J,DELWICHE R,et al.Drilling to the extreme:the micro-coring bit concept[R].SPE115187,2008.
[10]SHINMOTO Y,KODAMA S,DESCHAMPS B.Evaluation of the micro-core quality using drilling mechanics data[C]//Proceedings of International Symposium of the Society of Core Analysts.Aberdeen,Scotland,UK:Society of Core Analysts,2012.
[11]刘竞,高含,陈光碧,等.微取心PDC钻头试验及评价[J].钻采工艺,2014,37(3):34-35.LIU Jing,GAO Han,CHEN Guangbi,et al.Test and evaluation of micro-coring PDC bit in well Yun'an002-5[J].Drilling&Production Technology,2014,37(3):34-35.
[12]汪海阁,王灵碧,纪国栋,等.国内外钻完井技术新进展[J].石油钻采工艺,2013,35(5):1-12.WANG Haige,WANG Lingbi,JI Guodong,et al.Advances in well drilling and completion technologies for domestic and overseas[J].Oil Drilling&Production Technology,2013,35(5):1-12.
[13]窦亮彬,李天太,张明,等.山前地区复杂地层新型钻头技术及应用研究[J].石油机械,2015,43(8):41-46.DOU Liangbin,LI Tiantai,ZHANG Ming,et al.Study on techniques and application of new bits for difficult formation in piedmont region[J].China Petroleum Machinery,2015,43(8):41-46.
[14]张猛,程润,汪胜武,等.微芯钻头在冀东油田的应用[J].辽宁化工,2016,46(1):124-126.ZHANG Meng,CHENG Run,WANG Shengwu,et al.Application of micro-coring bit in Jidong oilfield[J].Liaoning Chemical Industry,2016,46(1):124-126.
[15]成都百施特金刚石钻头有限公司.微取芯钻头:CN203 114180U[P].2013-08-07.Chengdu Best Diamond Bit Co Ltd.Micro coring bit:CN203114180U[P].2013-08-07.
[16]成都百施特金刚石钻头有限公司.一种尖圆齿微取芯钻头:CN203547543U[P].2014-04-16.Chengdu Best Diamond Bit Co Ltd.Mini-sized coring bit with sharp and round tooth:CN203547543U[P].2014-04-16.
[17]成都百施特金刚石钻头有限公司.自断式微取芯钻头:CN203499567U[P].2014-03-26.Chengdu Best Diamond Bit Co Ltd.Self-breaking type micro coring drill bit:CN203499567U[P].2014-03-26.
[18]况雨春,陈玉中,屠俊文,等.基于UG/OPEN的PDC钻头切削参数仿真方法[J].石油钻探技术,2014,42(4):111-115.KUANG Yuchun,CHEN Yuzhong,TU Junwen,et al.Simulation of cutting parameters of PDC bit based on UG/OPEN[J].Petroleum Drilling Techniques,2014,42(4):111-115.
[19]MOSLEMI A,AHMADI G.Study of the hydraulic performance of drill bits using a computational particle-tracking method[J].SPE Drilling&Completion,2014,29(1):28-35.
[20]SCHILLER I,NAUMANN Z.A drag coefficient correlation[J].Zeitschrift des Vereins Deutscher Ingenieure,1935,77:318-320.
[21]ANSYS Inc.Ansys fluent:user’s guide,release 14.5.Canonsburg,PA,USA:ANSYS Inc.,2012.
[22]四川深远石油钻井工具有限公司.石油钻头胎体粉:CN101596593B[P].2011-04-13.Sichuan Deep&Fast Oil Drilling Tools Co Ltd.Petroleum bit matrix powder:CN101596593B[P].2011-04-13.
[23]单秀琴,张静,张宝民,等.四川盆地震旦系灯影组白云岩岩溶储层特征及溶蚀作用证据[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):17-29.SHAN Xiuqin,ZHANG Jing,ZHANG Baomin,et al.Dolomite karst reservoir characteristics and dissolution evidences of Sinian Dengying Formation,Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):17-29.
[24]李武广,钟兵,杨洪志,等.页岩储层基质气体扩散能力评价新方法[J].石油学报,2016,37(1):88-96.LI Wuguang,ZHONG Bing,YANG Hongzhi,et al.A new method for gas diffusivity evaluation in matrix rocks of shale reservoir[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2016,37(1):88-96.