黔西北香炉山铜矿床赋矿主岩矿物岩石学研究
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摘要
黔西北威宁地区香炉山铜矿床位于二叠系峨眉山玄武岩组第3段(P3β3)顶部与宣威组(P3x)底部之间,属于玄武岩型铜矿床。针对其含矿地层宏观地质特征与赋矿主岩矿物岩石学组构,本文以野外地质为基础,系统开展岩矿鉴定、扫描电镜与电子探针分析等研究,结果表明,本矿床赋矿主岩为岩屑粉砂岩的矿石矿物为辉铜矿、斑铜矿、黝铜矿和孔雀石,脉石矿物为长石、石英、绿泥石和碳质物等;赋矿主岩为火山角砾岩的矿石矿物为自然铜、斑铜矿、黄铜矿、辉铜矿、黝铜矿和孔雀石,其脉石矿物为石英、绿泥石、白云石和粘土矿物等,按其主要矿物含量,原生矿石可分为自然铜+辉铜矿+赤铁矿矿石、自然铜+黄铜矿+黝铜矿矿石、黄铜矿+斑铜矿+赤铁矿矿石3种自然类型。根据矿物共生组合与相互穿插关系,本矿床成矿作用可分为热液期和表生期,其中,热液期矿石矿物的形成顺序为斑铜矿→黄铜矿—黝铜矿—自然铜→辉铜矿,表生期形成孔雀石、赤铜矿、赤铁矿、钛铁矿、褐铁矿等矿物。
The Xianglushan copper deposit in Weining of northwest Guizhou is located in the copper bed between the top of the third unit of Emeishan basalt Formation and the bottom of Xuanwei Formation, and belongs to basalt type copper deposit. In order to study the geological characteristics of copper-hosting strata and mineralogical and petrological characteristics of copper-hosting rocks, the authors carried out rock-mineral determination, scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe analysis systematically in combination with field geological survey. The results show that the ore minerals of lithic siltstone are mainly composed of chalcocite, etrahedrite, bornite and malachite, and gangue minerals are mainly feldspar, quartz, chlorite and carbonaceous materials; the ore minerals of volcanic breccia are mainly composed of pyrite, bornite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, tetrahedrite and malachite, and gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chlorite, dolomite and clay minerals. According to main mineral content, primary ores can be divided into three natural types, i. e., natural copper + chalcocite + hematite ore, natural copper+ chalcopyrite + tetrahedrite ore and chalcopyrite + bornite + hematite ore. On the basis of mineral assemblages and intercalation relationship, mineralization can be divided into hydrothermal stage and supergene stage. The sequence of ore minerals at the hydrothermal stage is bornite→chalcopyrite→tetrahedrite→natural copper→chalcocite. At the supergene stage, malachite, hematite, hematite, ilmenite and limonite have been formed.
The Xianglushan copper deposit in Weining of northwest Guizhou is located in the copper bed between the top of the third unit of Emeishan basalt Formation and the bottom of Xuanwei Formation, and belongs to basalt type copper deposit. In order to study the geological characteristics of copper-hosting strata and mineralogical and petrological characteristics of copper-hosting rocks, the authors carried out rock-mineral determination, scanning electron microscope and electron microprobe analysis systematically in combination with field geological survey. The results show that the ore minerals of lithic siltstone are mainly composed of chalcocite, etrahedrite, bornite and malachite, and gangue minerals are mainly feldspar, quartz, chlorite and carbonaceous materials; the ore minerals of volcanic breccia are mainly composed of pyrite, bornite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, tetrahedrite and malachite, and gangue minerals are mainly quartz, chlorite, dolomite and clay minerals. According to main mineral content, primary ores can be divided into three natural types, i. e., natural copper + chalcocite + hematite ore, natural copper+ chalcopyrite + tetrahedrite ore and chalcopyrite + bornite + hematite ore. On the basis of mineral assemblages and intercalation relationship, mineralization can be divided into hydrothermal stage and supergene stage. The sequence of ore minerals at the hydrothermal stage is bornite→chalcopyrite→tetrahedrite→natural copper→chalcocite. At the supergene stage, malachite, hematite, hematite, ilmenite and limonite have been formed.
引文
Chen Da.2015.Comparison of the basalt copper deposits in the Keweenaw peninsula of Michigan(USA)and the adjacent area of Yunnan-Guizhou provinces(China)[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,(1):110~127(in Chinese with English abstract).
Guo Wenkui,Chang Yinfu and Huang Chongke.1978.Some problems of metallogenesis and distribution of the main copper deposites in china[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,52(3):169~181(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Chongke,Bai Ye,Zhu Yusheng,et al.2001.Copper Deposit of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese).
Li Houmin.2009.Three ore-forming fluids of basalt copper deposits in Emeishan[J].Journal of Minerals,S1:219~220(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Houmin,Mao Jingwen,Xu Zhangbao,et al.2006.Copper mineralization characteristics of the Emeishan basalt district in the YunnanGuizhou border area[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,5:495~502(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Houmin,Mao Jingwen and Zhang Changqing.2011.Geochemistry of fluid inclusions of the basalt copper deposits in adjacent area of northeastern Yunnan and western Guizhou,China[J].Journal of Earth Sciences&Environment,33(1):14~23,33(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Houmin,Mao Jingwen,Zhang Changqing,et al.2004.Isotopic geochemistry of Emeishan basalt copper deposits in northeastern Yunnan and western Guizhou[J].Mineral Deposits,23(2):232~240(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Shuai.2012.The Ore Deposite Geological Features and Genesis Study of the Shizidong Copper Deposite in Weining Country,Guizhou Province[D].China University of Geosciences(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Songtao.2014.Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Ironcopper Depositsin Lushan Area,Weining,Northwest Guizhou[D].Chengdu University of Technology(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Songtao,Liu Jianzhong,He Mingyou,et al.2016.Geological and geochemical characteristics and genesis of the Xianglushan copper deposit in Weining,Northwest Guizhou[J].Geology and Exploration,5:826~837(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Jungang,Zhang Balin,Shen Xiaoli,et al.2014.Geological characteristics and ore-Forming material sources of the Shuicaogou copper depositin the Jianshui area of Yunnan Province[J].Geology and Exploration,(5):840~854(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Yuanhui.2006.Characterristic of copper deposite associated to the basalt in the southwest Guizhou and forcast of prospecting[J].Guizhou Geology,1:57~61,28(in Chinese with English abstract).
LüShaoyu,Zhang Hai,Meng Changzhong,et al.2015.Geological characteristics of the Lushan copper deposit,Weining county,Guizhou Province[J].Geological Survey of China,3:49~53(in Chinese with English abstract).
Meng Changzhong,He Mingyou,Zhang Hai,et al.2015.Mineralogy and petrology of iron-copper bearing strata in Weining,Northwest Guizhou[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,5:1 058~1 063(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mo Zhao and Zou Lizhi.2013.Analysis on the geological feature and genesis of one copper ore deposit in Weining County of Guizhou Province[J].Technological Development of Enterprise,32(25):50~52.
Nobuo Morimoto.1962.Djurleite,a new copper sulfide mineral[J].Mineral.J.Japan,3:338~344.
Qian Zhuangzhi,Hou Shuguang,Zhang Zheng Jun,et al.2006.Discovery of a bauxitic mudstone-hosted copper deposit in the Huize area,Northeastern Yunnan,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,4:492~495(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qin Tingrong and Wei Aijun.2016.Comparision of basalt Cu deposits in Yunnan-Guizhou to the Keweenaw Cu deposit[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,(2):247~252(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rosler H J and Lange H.1985.Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press,5~8(in Chinese).
Song Xieyan,Zhang Chengjiang,Hu Ruizhong,et al.2005.Genetic links of magmatic deposits in the Emeishan large igneous province with dynamics of mantle plume[J].Journal of Minerals Rocks,4:35~44(in Chinese).
Wang Fudong,Zhu Xiaoqing,Wang Zhonggang,et al.2016.Fluid inclusions of Layimu basalt native copper deposit in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area[J].China Geoscience,(3):567~576(in Chinese with English abstract).
White D E.1980.Active geothermal systems and hydrothemal ore deposites[J].Economic Geology,75th Ann.:392~423.
Zhang Qian,Zhu Xiaoqing,Zhang Zhengwei,et al.2007.Dicussion on the ore-forming prospecting of the Emeishan basalt-type native copper-chalcoite deposits in the Weining district of Guizhou province,China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,27:379~383.
Zhu Bingqun,Chang Xiangyang,Hu Yaoguo,et al.2002c.Discovery of Yanhe copper deposit in the Yunnan-Guizhou border area and a new train of thought for copper prospecting in the large igneous[J].Advances in Earth Science,6:912~917(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu Binquan,Dai Chanmo,Hu Yaoguo,et al.2015.40Ar/39Ar and U-Th-Pb dating for native copper mineralization of two stages from the Emeishan flood basalts in northwestern Yunnan Province[J].China Geochimica,34(3):235~247(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu Binquan,Hu Yaoguo,Zhang Zhengwei,et al.2002a.Discovery of the copper deposits with features of the Keweenawan type in the border area of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces[J].Scientia Sinica,S1:49~59(in Chinese).
Zhu Binquan,Zhang Zhengwei and Hu Yaoguo.2002b.Discovery of volcanic tuff breccia controlled copper deposits with industrial value in northeastern Yunnan[J].Geological Bulletin of China,21(8~9):213(in Chinese).
陈大.2015.基韦诺半岛与滇黔地区玄武岩铜矿对比研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,(1):110~127.
郭文魁,常印佛,黄崇柯.1978.我国主要类型铜矿成矿和分布的某些问题[J].地质学报,52(3):169~181.
黄崇轲,白冶,朱裕生,等.2001.中国铜矿床[M].北京:地质出版社.
勒斯勒H J,朗格H.1985.地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,5~8.
李厚民.2009.峨眉山玄武岩铜矿的三种成矿流体[J].矿物学报,S1:219~220.
李厚民,毛景文,张长青.2011.滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿流体包裹体地球化学特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,33(1):14~23,33.
李厚民,毛景文,徐章宝,等.2006.滇黔交界地区峨眉山玄武岩铜矿化蚀变特征[J].地球学报,5:495~502.
李厚民,毛景文,张长青,等.2004.滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿同位素地球化学特征[J].矿床地质,23(2):232~240.
李帅.2012.贵州省威宁县狮子洞铜矿床地质特征及成因研究(硕士论文)[D].中国地质大学(北京).
李松涛.2014.黔西北威宁炉山地区铁铜矿地质地球化学特征研究(硕士论文)[D].成都理工大学.
李松涛,刘建中,何明友,等.2016.黔西北威宁地区香炉山铜矿床地质地球化学特征及成因[J].地质与勘探,5:826~837.
刘军港,张宝林,沈晓丽,等.2014.云南建水水草冲铜矿矿床地质特征及成矿物质来源[J].地质与勘探,(5):840~854.
刘远辉.2006.贵州西南部与玄武岩有关的铜矿特征及找矿前景[J].贵州地质,1:57~61,28.
吕绍玉,张海,孟昌忠,等.2015.贵州省威宁县炉山铜矿床地质特征研究[J].中国地质调查,3:49~53.
孟昌忠,何明友,张海,等.2015.黔西北威宁地区含铁铜地层及其矿物岩石学特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,5:1 058~1 063.
钱壮志,侯蜀光,章正军,等.2006.滇东北会泽地区发现铝土质泥岩铜矿[J].地质通报,4:492~495.
覃廷荣,魏爱军.2016.滇黔玄武岩铜矿与北美基韦诺型铜矿对比[J].四川地质学报,(2):247~252.
宋谢炎,张成江,胡瑞忠,等.2005.峨眉火成岩省岩浆矿床成矿作用与地幔柱动力学过程的耦合关系[J].矿物岩石,4:35~44.
王富东,朱笑青,王中刚,等.2016.川滇黔接壤区拉-木玄武岩铜矿流体包裹体[J].现代地质,(3):567~576.
朱炳泉,常向阳,胡耀国,等.2002c.滇-黔边境鲁甸沿河铜矿床的发现与峨眉山大火成岩省找矿新思路[J].地球科学进展,06:912~917.
朱炳泉,戴檀谟,胡耀国,等.2005.滇东北峨眉山玄武岩中两阶段自然铜矿化的40Ar/39Ar与U-Th-Pb年龄证据[J].地球化学,34(3):235~247.
朱炳泉,胡耀国,张正伟,等.2002a.滇-黔地球化学边界似基韦诺(Keweenaw)型铜矿床的发现[J].中国科学,S1:49~59.
朱炳泉,张正伟,胡耀国.2002b.滇东北发现具工业价值的火山凝灰角砾岩层控型铜矿床[J].地质通报,21(8~9):21.
Guo Wenkui,Chang Yinfu and Huang Chongke.1978.Some problems of metallogenesis and distribution of the main copper deposites in china[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,52(3):169~181(in Chinese with English abstract).
Huang Chongke,Bai Ye,Zhu Yusheng,et al.2001.Copper Deposit of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese).
Li Houmin.2009.Three ore-forming fluids of basalt copper deposits in Emeishan[J].Journal of Minerals,S1:219~220(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Houmin,Mao Jingwen,Xu Zhangbao,et al.2006.Copper mineralization characteristics of the Emeishan basalt district in the YunnanGuizhou border area[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,5:495~502(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Houmin,Mao Jingwen and Zhang Changqing.2011.Geochemistry of fluid inclusions of the basalt copper deposits in adjacent area of northeastern Yunnan and western Guizhou,China[J].Journal of Earth Sciences&Environment,33(1):14~23,33(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Houmin,Mao Jingwen,Zhang Changqing,et al.2004.Isotopic geochemistry of Emeishan basalt copper deposits in northeastern Yunnan and western Guizhou[J].Mineral Deposits,23(2):232~240(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Shuai.2012.The Ore Deposite Geological Features and Genesis Study of the Shizidong Copper Deposite in Weining Country,Guizhou Province[D].China University of Geosciences(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Songtao.2014.Geological and Geochemical Characteristics of Ironcopper Depositsin Lushan Area,Weining,Northwest Guizhou[D].Chengdu University of Technology(in Chinese with English abstract).
Li Songtao,Liu Jianzhong,He Mingyou,et al.2016.Geological and geochemical characteristics and genesis of the Xianglushan copper deposit in Weining,Northwest Guizhou[J].Geology and Exploration,5:826~837(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Jungang,Zhang Balin,Shen Xiaoli,et al.2014.Geological characteristics and ore-Forming material sources of the Shuicaogou copper depositin the Jianshui area of Yunnan Province[J].Geology and Exploration,(5):840~854(in Chinese with English abstract).
Liu Yuanhui.2006.Characterristic of copper deposite associated to the basalt in the southwest Guizhou and forcast of prospecting[J].Guizhou Geology,1:57~61,28(in Chinese with English abstract).
LüShaoyu,Zhang Hai,Meng Changzhong,et al.2015.Geological characteristics of the Lushan copper deposit,Weining county,Guizhou Province[J].Geological Survey of China,3:49~53(in Chinese with English abstract).
Meng Changzhong,He Mingyou,Zhang Hai,et al.2015.Mineralogy and petrology of iron-copper bearing strata in Weining,Northwest Guizhou[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,5:1 058~1 063(in Chinese with English abstract).
Mo Zhao and Zou Lizhi.2013.Analysis on the geological feature and genesis of one copper ore deposit in Weining County of Guizhou Province[J].Technological Development of Enterprise,32(25):50~52.
Nobuo Morimoto.1962.Djurleite,a new copper sulfide mineral[J].Mineral.J.Japan,3:338~344.
Qian Zhuangzhi,Hou Shuguang,Zhang Zheng Jun,et al.2006.Discovery of a bauxitic mudstone-hosted copper deposit in the Huize area,Northeastern Yunnan,China[J].Geological Bulletin of China,4:492~495(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qin Tingrong and Wei Aijun.2016.Comparision of basalt Cu deposits in Yunnan-Guizhou to the Keweenaw Cu deposit[J].Acta Geologica Sichuan,(2):247~252(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rosler H J and Lange H.1985.Geochemistry[M].Beijing:Science Press,5~8(in Chinese).
Song Xieyan,Zhang Chengjiang,Hu Ruizhong,et al.2005.Genetic links of magmatic deposits in the Emeishan large igneous province with dynamics of mantle plume[J].Journal of Minerals Rocks,4:35~44(in Chinese).
Wang Fudong,Zhu Xiaoqing,Wang Zhonggang,et al.2016.Fluid inclusions of Layimu basalt native copper deposit in the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou border area[J].China Geoscience,(3):567~576(in Chinese with English abstract).
White D E.1980.Active geothermal systems and hydrothemal ore deposites[J].Economic Geology,75th Ann.:392~423.
Zhang Qian,Zhu Xiaoqing,Zhang Zhengwei,et al.2007.Dicussion on the ore-forming prospecting of the Emeishan basalt-type native copper-chalcoite deposits in the Weining district of Guizhou province,China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,27:379~383.
Zhu Bingqun,Chang Xiangyang,Hu Yaoguo,et al.2002c.Discovery of Yanhe copper deposit in the Yunnan-Guizhou border area and a new train of thought for copper prospecting in the large igneous[J].Advances in Earth Science,6:912~917(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu Binquan,Dai Chanmo,Hu Yaoguo,et al.2015.40Ar/39Ar and U-Th-Pb dating for native copper mineralization of two stages from the Emeishan flood basalts in northwestern Yunnan Province[J].China Geochimica,34(3):235~247(in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhu Binquan,Hu Yaoguo,Zhang Zhengwei,et al.2002a.Discovery of the copper deposits with features of the Keweenawan type in the border area of Yunnan and Guizhou provinces[J].Scientia Sinica,S1:49~59(in Chinese).
Zhu Binquan,Zhang Zhengwei and Hu Yaoguo.2002b.Discovery of volcanic tuff breccia controlled copper deposits with industrial value in northeastern Yunnan[J].Geological Bulletin of China,21(8~9):213(in Chinese).
陈大.2015.基韦诺半岛与滇黔地区玄武岩铜矿对比研究[J].大地构造与成矿学,(1):110~127.
郭文魁,常印佛,黄崇柯.1978.我国主要类型铜矿成矿和分布的某些问题[J].地质学报,52(3):169~181.
黄崇轲,白冶,朱裕生,等.2001.中国铜矿床[M].北京:地质出版社.
勒斯勒H J,朗格H.1985.地球化学[M].北京:科学出版社,5~8.
李厚民.2009.峨眉山玄武岩铜矿的三种成矿流体[J].矿物学报,S1:219~220.
李厚民,毛景文,张长青.2011.滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿流体包裹体地球化学特征[J].地球科学与环境学报,33(1):14~23,33.
李厚民,毛景文,徐章宝,等.2006.滇黔交界地区峨眉山玄武岩铜矿化蚀变特征[J].地球学报,5:495~502.
李厚民,毛景文,张长青,等.2004.滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿同位素地球化学特征[J].矿床地质,23(2):232~240.
李帅.2012.贵州省威宁县狮子洞铜矿床地质特征及成因研究(硕士论文)[D].中国地质大学(北京).
李松涛.2014.黔西北威宁炉山地区铁铜矿地质地球化学特征研究(硕士论文)[D].成都理工大学.
李松涛,刘建中,何明友,等.2016.黔西北威宁地区香炉山铜矿床地质地球化学特征及成因[J].地质与勘探,5:826~837.
刘军港,张宝林,沈晓丽,等.2014.云南建水水草冲铜矿矿床地质特征及成矿物质来源[J].地质与勘探,(5):840~854.
刘远辉.2006.贵州西南部与玄武岩有关的铜矿特征及找矿前景[J].贵州地质,1:57~61,28.
吕绍玉,张海,孟昌忠,等.2015.贵州省威宁县炉山铜矿床地质特征研究[J].中国地质调查,3:49~53.
孟昌忠,何明友,张海,等.2015.黔西北威宁地区含铁铜地层及其矿物岩石学特征[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,5:1 058~1 063.
钱壮志,侯蜀光,章正军,等.2006.滇东北会泽地区发现铝土质泥岩铜矿[J].地质通报,4:492~495.
覃廷荣,魏爱军.2016.滇黔玄武岩铜矿与北美基韦诺型铜矿对比[J].四川地质学报,(2):247~252.
宋谢炎,张成江,胡瑞忠,等.2005.峨眉火成岩省岩浆矿床成矿作用与地幔柱动力学过程的耦合关系[J].矿物岩石,4:35~44.
王富东,朱笑青,王中刚,等.2016.川滇黔接壤区拉-木玄武岩铜矿流体包裹体[J].现代地质,(3):567~576.
朱炳泉,常向阳,胡耀国,等.2002c.滇-黔边境鲁甸沿河铜矿床的发现与峨眉山大火成岩省找矿新思路[J].地球科学进展,06:912~917.
朱炳泉,戴檀谟,胡耀国,等.2005.滇东北峨眉山玄武岩中两阶段自然铜矿化的40Ar/39Ar与U-Th-Pb年龄证据[J].地球化学,34(3):235~247.
朱炳泉,胡耀国,张正伟,等.2002a.滇-黔地球化学边界似基韦诺(Keweenaw)型铜矿床的发现[J].中国科学,S1:49~59.
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