剑川—德钦一带的地热异常:对川滇菱块西北边界和地震活动性的意义
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摘要
为研究川滇菱块西北缘剑川-德钦一带地热场空间分布特征,探索地热异常区与断裂及地震活动性的关系以及活动块体边界问题,运用4种传统地热温标和多矿物平衡法综合估算了川滇菱块滇西北地区(德钦-维西-剑川-丽江-中甸) 91个地热温泉的最有可能的热储温度,通过克里金插值方法获得了滇西北地区的热储温度空间分布。结果表明,地热异常区主要沿德钦-中甸-大具断裂及其以北的多条近南北向金沙江断裂的分支断层展布,澜沧江断裂带、维西-马登断裂、玉龙雪山东麓断裂和中甸-龙蟠-乔后断裂局部分段表现地热异常;地热异常区的地理展布大致反映了德钦-中甸-大具断裂与金沙江断裂带共同构成了川滇菱形块体的西北边界;绝大多数中强地震震中位于地热中-高值区即地热的横向梯度带上,德钦-中甸-稻城一带地热横向梯度变化较大且历史上强震稀少,未来的地震危险性值得关注。
The relationships between the temperature geothermal anomaly and the activity of faults and seism are investigated to further understand the location of the northwest boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block by obtaining the spatial distribution of shallow geothermal field in the Jianchuan-Deqin Region. In this paper,four different classical geothermometers and multi-mineral balance methods are used to calculate the temperature of geothermal reservoirs by using 91 chemical data of hot spring water in northwestern Yunnan and the Kriging Interpolation Method is used to obtain the spatial distribution pattern of reservoir temperature in Deqin-Weixi-Jianchuan-Lijiang-Zhongdian. The results show that the geothermal anomaly is distributed along the Deqin-Zhongdian-Daju Fault in the south and several near-SN trending branche faults of the Jinshajiang Fault in the north. Parts of the Lancangjiang,Weixi-Qiaohou,Jade Dragon Snow Mountain and Zhongdian-Longpan-Qiaohou faults display the high temperature geothermal anomaly as well. The spatial distribution pattern of geothermal anomalies reveals that the Deqin-Zhongdian-Daju Fault together with the Jinshajiang Fault constitutes the Northwest boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block. The vast majority of M≥5. 0 earthquakes are located in the geothermal middle-high value zone,the seismic risk in northwestern Yunnan future deserves concern in the Deqin-Zhongdian-Daocheng zone due to large variation of geothermal horizontal gradient.
The relationships between the temperature geothermal anomaly and the activity of faults and seism are investigated to further understand the location of the northwest boundary of the Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block by obtaining the spatial distribution of shallow geothermal field in the Jianchuan-Deqin Region. In this paper,four different classical geothermometers and multi-mineral balance methods are used to calculate the temperature of geothermal reservoirs by using 91 chemical data of hot spring water in northwestern Yunnan and the Kriging Interpolation Method is used to obtain the spatial distribution pattern of reservoir temperature in Deqin-Weixi-Jianchuan-Lijiang-Zhongdian. The results show that the geothermal anomaly is distributed along the Deqin-Zhongdian-Daju Fault in the south and several near-SN trending branche faults of the Jinshajiang Fault in the north. Parts of the Lancangjiang,Weixi-Qiaohou,Jade Dragon Snow Mountain and Zhongdian-Longpan-Qiaohou faults display the high temperature geothermal anomaly as well. The spatial distribution pattern of geothermal anomalies reveals that the Deqin-Zhongdian-Daju Fault together with the Jinshajiang Fault constitutes the Northwest boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan Rhombic Block. The vast majority of M≥5. 0 earthquakes are located in the geothermal middle-high value zone,the seismic risk in northwestern Yunnan future deserves concern in the Deqin-Zhongdian-Daocheng zone due to large variation of geothermal horizontal gradient.
引文
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Molnar P,Tapponnier P.1975.Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:Effects of a continental collision.Science,189(4201):419-426
Pang Z H.1988.Multiple fluid-mineral equilibrium calculations and their applications to geothermometry and hydrochemical processes in geothermal systems.Reykjavik,Iceland:National Energy Authority of Iceland.
Pasquale V,Verdoya M,Chiozzi P,Ranalli G.1997.Rheology and seismotectonic regime in the northern central Mediterranean.Tectonophysics,270(3-4):239-257
Reed M,Spycher N.1984.Calculation of pH and mineral equilibria in hydrothermal waters with application to geothermometry and studies of boiling and dilution.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,48(7):1479-1492
Tole M P,rmannsson H,Pang Z H,Arnorssón S.1993.Fluid/mineral equilibrium calculations for geothermal fluids and chemical geothermometry.Geothermics,22(1):17-37
Wang E,Burchfiel B C,Royden L H,Chen L Z,Chen J S,Li W X,Chen Z L.1998.Late Cenozoic Xianshuihe-Xiaojiang,Red River,and Dali Fault systems of Southwestern Sichuan and Central Yunnan,China.Geological Society of America,327:1-108
Yao H J,Van Der Hilst R D,Montagner J P.2010.Heterogeneity and anisotropy of the lithosphere of SE Tibet from surface wave array tomography.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,115(B12):B12307
安镇文,朱传镇.1985.地热异常与地震孕育和发生的关系.地震研究,8(4):541-549
常祖峰,张艳凤,李鉴林,臧阳.2014.德钦-中甸-大具断裂晚第四纪活动的地质与地貌表现.地震研究,37(1):46-52
常祖峰.2015.2013年云南奔子栏M5.9地震发生的地震地质背景.地震地质,37(1):192-207
成尔林.1981.四川及其邻区现代构造应力场和现代构造运动特征.地震学报,3(3):231-241
程远志,汤吉,陈小斌,董泽义,肖骑彬,汪利波.2015.南北地震带南段川滇黔接壤区电性结构特征和孕震环境.地球物理学报,58(11):3965-3981
范文渊,陈永顺,唐有彩,周仕勇,冯永革,岳汉,王海洋,金戈,魏松峤,王彦宾,盖增喜,宁杰远.2015.青藏高原东部和周边地区地壳速度结构的背景噪声层析成像.地球物理学报,58(5):1568-1583
国家地震局地质研究所,云南省地震局.1990.滇西北地区活动断裂.北京:地震出版社
阚荣举,张四昌,晏凤桐,俞林胜.1977.我国西南地区现代构造应力场与现代构造活动特征的探讨.地球物理学报,20(2):96-109
阚荣举.1980.西南地区现代构造应力场与板内强震活动.地震研究,3(3):45-59
李玶,汪良谋.1975.云南川西地区地震地质基本特征的探讨.地质科学,(4):308-326
李清林,张文玉,张晓普,张瑞敏.1997.鄂尔多斯及其周缘的地热分布特征.山西地震,(S1):127-128
李文军,邵志刚,闻学泽,王启欣,王根成,张营,蒋长胜,王武星.2016.滇西牟定-香格里拉电性剖面及深部构造.地球物理学报,59(1):229-239
林元武.1994.温泉热储温度对断裂的弱化作用及其对地震活动性的影响.地震学报,16(2):251-257
上官志冠.1988.滇西实验场区主要活动断裂地球化学特征.地震地质,10(4):134-142
沈军,汪一鹏,任金卫.2001.中国云南德钦-中甸-大具断裂带第四纪右旋走滑运动.见:马宗晋主编.青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学.北京:地震出版社,123-135
孙洁,徐常芳,江钊,史书林,王继军,何明.1989.滇西地区地壳上地幔电性结构与地壳构造活动的关系.地震地质,11(1):35-45
佟伟,章铭陶,张知非,廖志杰,由懋正,朱梅湘,过帼颖,刘时彬.1981.西藏地热.北京:科学出版社,1-170
佟伟,章铭陶.1994.横断山区温泉志.北京:科学出版社,1-326
王椿镛,Mooney W D,王溪莉,吴建平,楼海,王飞.2002.川滇地区地壳上地幔三维速度结构研究.地震学报,24(1):1-16
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