塔里木河干流上中游河道耗水过程分析
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摘要
为明晰塔里木河流域干流河道损失水量组成、去向以及变化规律,实现流域水资源分段管理以及科学调度,本文利用2005—2017年塔里木河上中游各断面地表径流数据,分析了干流上中游各河段耗水过程。结果表明:(1)在塔里木河干流上中游,阿拉尔年径流量呈不显著的减少趋势,而新其满、英巴扎、乌斯满、恰拉均下降趋势显著。(2)塔里木河干流耗水呈现随耗水量增大主要耗水区下移的特点,各河段中英巴扎—乌斯曼河段耗水平均占比最高(34.13%),除阿拉尔—新渠满河段以外,塔里木河干流各河段来水与耗水呈现显著或极显著的正相关关系。(3)塔里木河干流上中游年均河损水量为24.9亿m~3,单位河长河损为294.63万m~3/km。其中英巴扎—乌斯曼河损水量最大,达到7.73亿m~3。同时塔里木河干流各河段年均耗水量与河损量存在极显著的正相关关系。(4)为了控制水资源无效耗水、提高流域水资源利用效率,应该合理地规划流域耗水结构,其中英巴扎—乌斯曼河段是重点防止河段。
In order to clarify the composition, direction and change pattern of the main stream channel loss in the Tarim River Basin, and actualize the river basin water resources segmentation management and scientific scheduling, this paper uses the surface runoff data of each of the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River from 2005 to 2017 to analyze the consumption process of each stretch in the upper and middle reaches of the mainstream. The results indicate that:(1) In the upper and middle reaches of the mainstream of the Tarim River, the annual runoff of Alar shows a notable decreasing trend, while Xinqin, Yingbaza, Usman, and Qiala all have a significant downward trend.(2) Water consumption in the main stream of the Tarim River shows the characteristics of downward movement of major water-consuming regions as water consumption increases. Except for the Alar-Xinquman River, there is a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between incoming water and water consumption in all reaches of the Tarim River.(3) The average annual river loss in the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River is 2.49 billion m~3, and the river loss per unit river is 2.946 3 million m~3/km. Among them, the Inbaza-Uusman River had the largest loss of water, reaching 773 million m~3. At the same time, there is a very significant positive correlation between the average annual water consumption and the total river loss in each section of the Tarim River.(4) In order to control water consumption inefficiently and improve the efficiency of water resources utilization in the basin, it is necessary to reasonably plan the water consumption structure in the basin. Among them, the Inbaza-Uusman river section is the key to preventing river sections.
In order to clarify the composition, direction and change pattern of the main stream channel loss in the Tarim River Basin, and actualize the river basin water resources segmentation management and scientific scheduling, this paper uses the surface runoff data of each of the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River from 2005 to 2017 to analyze the consumption process of each stretch in the upper and middle reaches of the mainstream. The results indicate that:(1) In the upper and middle reaches of the mainstream of the Tarim River, the annual runoff of Alar shows a notable decreasing trend, while Xinqin, Yingbaza, Usman, and Qiala all have a significant downward trend.(2) Water consumption in the main stream of the Tarim River shows the characteristics of downward movement of major water-consuming regions as water consumption increases. Except for the Alar-Xinquman River, there is a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between incoming water and water consumption in all reaches of the Tarim River.(3) The average annual river loss in the upper and middle reaches of the Tarim River is 2.49 billion m~3, and the river loss per unit river is 2.946 3 million m~3/km. Among them, the Inbaza-Uusman River had the largest loss of water, reaching 773 million m~3. At the same time, there is a very significant positive correlation between the average annual water consumption and the total river loss in each section of the Tarim River.(4) In order to control water consumption inefficiently and improve the efficiency of water resources utilization in the basin, it is necessary to reasonably plan the water consumption structure in the basin. Among them, the Inbaza-Uusman river section is the key to preventing river sections.
引文
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[10] 袁国富,罗毅,邵明安,等.塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林蒸散规律及其关键控制机制[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015,45(5):695- 706.
[11] 杨海昌,张凤华,王东方,等.近60年玛河流域绿洲蒸散量变化趋势及其影响因素分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):18- 23.
[12] 王伟红,田辉.干旱区黑河流域复杂地表蒸散量遥感研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(4):1141- 1146.
[13] 雷志栋,甄宝龙,尚松浩,等.塔里木河干流水资源的形成及其利用问题[J].中国科学:技术科学,2003,33(5):473- 480.
[2] MEYBECK M.Global analysis of river systems:from Earth system controls to Anthropocene syndromes[J].Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci,2003,358(1440):1935- 1955.
[3] WANG K Z,BIN L I,QUAN-FA Y U,et al.The Construction of Groundwater Reservoir and Its Beneficial Effect of Resource and Environment in Peninsula Shandong[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(4):575- 580.
[4] 郝兴明,陈亚宁,李卫红.塔里木河流域近50年来生态环境变化的驱动力分析[J].地理学报,2006,61(3):262- 272.
[5] 徐海量,叶茂,宋郁东,等.塔里木河流域水资源变化的特点与趋势[J].地理学报,2005,60(3):487- 494.
[6] 冯娟.浅析实施塔里木河干流下游生态输水工程的重要意义[J].中国水运,2015,15(2):138- 139.
[7] 叶茂,张鹏,王炜,等.塔里木河流域上游三源流径流变化趋势分析[J].水资源与水工程学报,2010,21(5):10- 14.
[8] 郭宏伟,徐海量,凌红波.塔里木河流域枯水年生态调水方式及生态补偿研究[J].自然资源学报,2017,32(10):1705- 1717.
[9] 秦鹏,刘强.艾比湖流域潜在蒸散量时空变化特征[J].中国农村水利水电,2017,6(1):111- 121.
[10] 袁国富,罗毅,邵明安,等.塔里木河下游荒漠河岸林蒸散规律及其关键控制机制[J].中国科学:地球科学,2015,45(5):695- 706.
[11] 杨海昌,张凤华,王东方,等.近60年玛河流域绿洲蒸散量变化趋势及其影响因素分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(7):18- 23.
[12] 王伟红,田辉.干旱区黑河流域复杂地表蒸散量遥感研究[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(4):1141- 1146.
[13] 雷志栋,甄宝龙,尚松浩,等.塔里木河干流水资源的形成及其利用问题[J].中国科学:技术科学,2003,33(5):473- 480.