宋人的求诗风尚
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摘要
宋人请求他人作诗、赐诗的表达涵盖求诗、乞诗、觅诗、索诗、要诗等方面,求诗者涉及文人士大夫、方外群体及艺伎村夫等各个阶层,求诗者不分男女,不论老幼,可谓无人不求诗;求诗缘起主要分为无功利性的交往求诗和有针对性的实用求诗,涉及日常生活的诸多方面,可谓无事不求诗;在求诗方式上,宋人以当面口头相求为常见,还通过书信、诗赋等书面文字来求取。求诗风尚的流行受宋人文化心理及以诗代文倾向等因素的影响,它在促进宋人日常生活雅化和人际交往和谐的同时,也反作用于宋诗创作,表现为:一是促进诗歌与生活的互动,拓展诗歌的表现领域;二是在一定程度上违反了诗歌的创作规律,助长了敷衍之习,成为庸恶之作的推手。
The phenomena of people in Song dynasty requesting poems from others are named as seeking poems, begging poems, asking for poems, wanting poems and so on. The group that has the petition for poems consistes of scholars, monk, Taoist priest, prostitutes and villagers. It may be said that no man is not seeking poetry. The reasons for this conduct can be divided into two asbects : on the one hand, the behavio without any utility,just for communication; on the other hand, the targeted and practical poems.Basically,everything can be related with requesting poetry. From style point of view,the common way is in oral style. Besides,Written texts are also be adopted.The popularity owes to the influence of cultural characteristics and psychological evolution, but also to the developments of the poetic function of poetry dioan. Seeking poems is advantageous to promot elegance and interpersonal harmony for the daily life in the Song Dynasty. Meanwhile, it has also had a two-way effect on poery writing. On one hand, requesting poems has promoted the interaction between poetry and life, expanded the field of poetry expression;on the other hand, it's the violation of the rules of writing poetry in a certain extent, making the workings pale, boring and feelingless.
The phenomena of people in Song dynasty requesting poems from others are named as seeking poems, begging poems, asking for poems, wanting poems and so on. The group that has the petition for poems consistes of scholars, monk, Taoist priest, prostitutes and villagers. It may be said that no man is not seeking poetry. The reasons for this conduct can be divided into two asbects : on the one hand, the behavio without any utility,just for communication; on the other hand, the targeted and practical poems.Basically,everything can be related with requesting poetry. From style point of view,the common way is in oral style. Besides,Written texts are also be adopted.The popularity owes to the influence of cultural characteristics and psychological evolution, but also to the developments of the poetic function of poetry dioan. Seeking poems is advantageous to promot elegance and interpersonal harmony for the daily life in the Song Dynasty. Meanwhile, it has also had a two-way effect on poery writing. On one hand, requesting poems has promoted the interaction between poetry and life, expanded the field of poetry expression;on the other hand, it's the violation of the rules of writing poetry in a certain extent, making the workings pale, boring and feelingless.
引文
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[2]陆游.剑南诗稿校注:第1册[M].钱仲联,校注.上海:上海古籍出版社,1985.
[3]洪迈.容斋随笔[M].孔凡礼,点校.北京:中华书局,2005:449.
[4]梅尧臣.梅尧臣编年校注[M].朱东润,校注.上海:上海古籍出版社,1980:316.
[5]王安石.王荆公诗笺注:上[M].李壁,笺注,高克勤,点校.上海:上海古籍出版社,2010.
[6]傅璇琮,等.全宋诗[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1995.
[7]陈鹄.西塘集耆旧续闻:卷九/[G].宋元笔记小说大观:第5册.上海:上海古籍出版社,2001.
[8]朱熹.朱子全书:第6册[M].朱杰人,等编.上海:上海古籍出版社,安徽教育出版社,2002:289.
[9]范成大.范石湖集[M].上海:上海古籍出版社,1981:440.
[10]吴处厚.青箱杂记[M].北京:中华书局,1985:48.
[11]魏泰.东轩笔录[M].北京:中华书局,1983:20.
[12]苏轼.苏轼文集:第5册[M].孔凡礼,点校.北京:中华书局,1986:2165.
[13]张邦基.墨庄漫录[M].北京:中华书局,2002:185.
[14]释惠洪.注石门文字禅:卷四[M].释廓门贯彻,注.北京:中华书局,2012:255.
[15]苏轼.苏轼诗集[M].孔凡礼,点校.北京:中华书局,1982
[16]严耕望.治史三书[M].北京:中华书局,2013:135.
[17]胡晓明.尚意的诗学和宋代人文精神[J].文学遗产,1991(2):79-91.
[18]曾枣庄.宋文通论[M].上海:上海人民出版社,2008:658-735.
[19]吴承学.中国古代文体学研究[M].北京:人民出版社,2011:321.
[20]魏庆之.诗人玉屑:上[M].北京:中华书局,2007:638.
[21]刘勰.文心雕龙注释[M].周振甫,注.北京:人民文学出版社,1981:48.
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