流域景观格局对土壤保持服务的影响
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摘要
以子流域为空间单元,应用生态系统服务和交易的综合评估模型(InVEST)进行土壤保持服务评估,并借助景观指数计算软件(FRAGSTATS)表征景观格局特征,综合运用空间自相关探讨土壤保持量与景观格局指数的空间关联关系,同时从景观格局角度出发,开展土壤保持量与景观格局指数的空间回归分析.结果表明:2014年土壤保持服务较高的子流域具有景观类型组成相对单一、景观各类型间非均匀分布、存在优势斑块、景观分离度低的格局特征;2014年甘肃白龙江14个子流域表现出土壤保持服务与景观格局显著的空间相关关系,占子流域总数量的37.84%;模型对比方面,空间滞后模型(SLM)优于非空间线性模型(OLS),表明甘肃白龙江各子流域的土壤保持量在空间上具有实质性的空间依赖.景观类型多样性及其均匀程度是影响甘肃白龙江子流域土壤保持量的重要景观指标.
Based on the sub-watershed unit, landscape pattern and soil conservation service was quantitatively characterized via landscape pattern index and InVEST model, and the relationship between the two issues was also discussed from the perspectives of spatial statistics. The results showed that the sub-watersheds with higher soil conservation services in 2014 had the characteristics of single landscape types composition, non-uniform distribution among different landscape types, existence of dominant patches, and low landscape separation degree. In 2014, the significant spatial correlations between soil conservation services and landscape pattern was mainly in 14 sub-watersheds,which accounted for 37.84% of the total number of sub-watersheds. In the model selection,spatial lag model(SLM) was superior to the non-spatial linear model(OLS), which indicated that soil conservation was spatially dependent. Diversity and evenness of landscape types were considered as important indicators affecting soil conservation in the Bailongjiang watershed in Gansu Province.
Based on the sub-watershed unit, landscape pattern and soil conservation service was quantitatively characterized via landscape pattern index and InVEST model, and the relationship between the two issues was also discussed from the perspectives of spatial statistics. The results showed that the sub-watersheds with higher soil conservation services in 2014 had the characteristics of single landscape types composition, non-uniform distribution among different landscape types, existence of dominant patches, and low landscape separation degree. In 2014, the significant spatial correlations between soil conservation services and landscape pattern was mainly in 14 sub-watersheds,which accounted for 37.84% of the total number of sub-watersheds. In the model selection,spatial lag model(SLM) was superior to the non-spatial linear model(OLS), which indicated that soil conservation was spatially dependent. Diversity and evenness of landscape types were considered as important indicators affecting soil conservation in the Bailongjiang watershed in Gansu Province.
引文
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[26]刘宇,吕一河,傅伯杰,等.景观格局-土壤侵蚀研究中景观指数的意义解释及局限性[J].生态学报,2011,31(1):267-275.Liu Y,Lv Y H,Fu B J,et al.Implication and limitation of landscape metrics in delineating relationship between landscape pattern and soil erosion[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(1):267-275.
[27]Altieri M A.The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,1999,74(1-3):19-31.
[28]Zhang W,Taylor H R,Claire K,et al.Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture[J].Ecological Economics,2007,64(2):253-260.
[29]Swinton S M,Lupi F,Robertson G P,et al.Ecosystem services and agriculture:Cultivating agricultural ecosystems for diverse benefits[J].Ecological Economics,2015,64(2):245-252.
[2]Makhzoumi J M.Landscape ecology as a foundation for landscape architecture:Application in Malta[J].Landscapeand Urban Planning,2000,50(1/2/3):167-177.
[3]Fan Q D,Ding S Y.Landscape pattern changes at a county scale:Acase study in Fengqiu,Henan Province,China from 1990 to 2013[J].Catena,2016,137:152-160.
[4]Fortin M J,Agrawal A A.Landscape ecology comes of age[J].Ecology,2005,86:1965-1966.
[5]黄婷,于德永,乔建民,等.内蒙古锡林郭勒盟景观格局变化对土壤保持能力的影响[J].资源科学,2018,40(6):1256-1266.Huang T,Yu D Y,Qiao J M,et al.Landscape pattern change and soil conservation in Xilingol League,Inner Mongolia[J].Resources Science,2018,40(6):1256-1266.
[6]苏常红,傅伯杰.景观格局与生态过程的关系及其对生态系统服务的影响[J].自然杂志,2012,34(5):277-283.Su C H,Fu B J.Discussion on links among landscape pattern,ecological process,and ecosystem services[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2012,34(5):277-283.
[7]Pierik M E,Acqua M D,Confalonieri R,et al.Designing ecological corridors in a fragmented landscape:A fuzzy approach to circuit connectivity analysis[J].Ecological Indicators,2016,67:807-820.
[8]Daily G C.Natures’services:societal dependence on natural ecosystems[J].Pacific Conservation Biology,1997,6(2):220-221.
[9]Costanza R,D’Arge R,Groot R D,et al.The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387:253-260.
[10]邹月,周忠学.西安市景观格局演变对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(8):2629-2639.Zou Y,Zhou Z X.Impact of landscape pattern change on ecosystem service value of Xi’an City,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2017,28(8):2629-2639.
[11]Costanza R,D'Arge R,Groot R D,et al.The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387(1):3-15.
[12]傅伯杰,吕一河,高光耀.中国主要陆地生态系统服务与生态安全研究的重要进展[J].自然杂志,2012,34(5):261-272.Fu B J,Lv Y H,Gao G Y.Major research progresses on the ecosystem service and ecological safety of main terrestrial ecosystems in China[J].Chinese Journal of Nature,2012,34(5):261-272.
[13]饶恩明,肖燚,欧阳志云,等.海南岛生态系统土壤保持功能空间特征及影响因素[J].生态学报,2013,33(3):746-755.Rao E M,Xiao Y,Ouyang Z Y,et al.Spatial characteristics of soil conservation service and its impact factors in Hainan Island[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(3):746-755.
[14]齐述华,蒋梅鑫,于秀波.基于遥感和ULSE模型评价1995~2005年江西土壤侵蚀[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(7):1197-1203.Qi S H,Jiang M X,Yu X B.Evaluating soil erosion in Jiangxi Province with USLE model and remote sensing technology during1995~2005[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(7):1197-1203.
[15]王鹏涛,张立伟,李英杰,等.汉江上游生态系统服务权衡与协同关系时空特征[J].地理学报,2017,72(11):2064-2078.Wang P T,Zhang L W,Li Y J,et al.Spatio-temporal characteristics of the trade-off and synergy relationships among multiple ecosystem services in the Upper Reaches of Hanjiang River Basin[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(11):2064-2078.
[16]王蓓,赵军,胡秀芳.基于InVEST模型的黑河流域生态系统服务空间格局分析[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2783-2792.Wang B,Zhao J,Hu X F.Spatial pattern analysis of ecosystem services based on InVEST in Heihe River Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(10):2783-2792.
[17]张素梅,王宗明,闫百兴,等.辉发河流域景观格局与土壤侵蚀的关系研究[J].水土保持学报,2008,22(3):29-35.Zhang S M,Wang Z M,Yan B X,et al.Relationship between landscape pattern and soil erosion of Huifa River Watershed[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,22(3):29-35.
[18]张玲玲.甘肃白龙江流域生态系统服务评估及影响因素[D].兰州:兰州大学,2016.Zhang L L.Ecosystem services assessment and its driving forces in the Bailongjiang watershed of Gansu[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou university,2016.
[19]李文杰,乌铁红,李晓佳.内蒙古希拉穆仁草原旅游地景观格局动态变化[J].地理科学,2013,33(3):307-313.Li W J,Wu T H,Li X J.Dynamic change of landscape pattern in Xilamuren grassland tourist area of Inner Mongolia[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2013,33(3):307-313.
[20]黄木易,岳文泽,何翔.巢湖流域地表热环境与景观变化相关分析及其尺度效应[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(8):3123-3133.Huang M Y,Yue W Z,He X.Correlation analysis between land surface thermal environment and landscape change and its scale effect in Chaohu Basin[J].China Environmental Science,2017,37(8):3123-3133.
[21]Cliff A D,Ord J K.Spatial autocorrelation[J].Trends in Ecology&Evolution,1973,14(5):196.
[22]崔娜娜,冯长春,宋煜.北京市居住用地出让价格的空间格局及影响因素[J].地理学报,2017,72(6):1049-1062.Cui N N,Feng C C,Song Y.Spatial pattern of residential land parcels and determinants of residential land price in Beijing since 2004[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2017,72(6):1049-1062.
[23]Anselin L,Bera A K,Florax R,et al.Simple diagnostic tests for spatial dependence[J].Regional Science and Urban Economics,1996,26(1):77-104.
[24]Zhang S,Fan W,Li Y,et al.The influence of changes in land use and landscape patterns on soil erosion in a watershed[J].Science of the Total Environment,2017,574:34-45.
[25]Ouyang W,Skidmore A K,Hao F H,et al.Soil erosion dynamics response to landscape pattern[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(6):1358-1366.
[26]刘宇,吕一河,傅伯杰,等.景观格局-土壤侵蚀研究中景观指数的意义解释及局限性[J].生态学报,2011,31(1):267-275.Liu Y,Lv Y H,Fu B J,et al.Implication and limitation of landscape metrics in delineating relationship between landscape pattern and soil erosion[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(1):267-275.
[27]Altieri M A.The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems and Environment,1999,74(1-3):19-31.
[28]Zhang W,Taylor H R,Claire K,et al.Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture[J].Ecological Economics,2007,64(2):253-260.
[29]Swinton S M,Lupi F,Robertson G P,et al.Ecosystem services and agriculture:Cultivating agricultural ecosystems for diverse benefits[J].Ecological Economics,2015,64(2):245-252.