帕米尔弧形构造带的构造过程与地貌特征
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摘要
帕米尔弧形构造带是印度-欧亚板块碰撞变形最强烈的地区之一,是研究构造过程、地貌演化以及气候变化及其相互作用的理想场所。本文基于前人的研究成果,对帕米尔弧形构造带新生代构造单元、地貌特征和动力学演化模型进行了总结归纳,包括:主要构造单元的活动起止时间、活动量及活动速率;帕米尔弧形构造带现今的地貌特征(水系和冰川的分布);帕米尔弧形构造带6种主要的地球动力学演化模型的主要样式、优点及限制。论文提出了帕米尔弧形构造带晚新生代构造研究的三个重要的科学问题:精细厘定构造带内部的不同断裂带运动学特征和相互关系;深部地质过程与浅部响应相结合,探讨构造带形成的深部地质过程控制;将构造过程、气候特征与地貌演化作为一个耦合系统开展研究。
Pamir salient is one of the intensest deformation zones caused by India-Eurasia collision, and is an ideal region to study tectonic processes, geomorphic characteristics, climate changes and their interactions. On the basis of previous research results, the Cenozoic tectonic units, geomorphic characteristics and geodynamic evolution models of the Pamir salient are synthesized in this paper, which include the onset and stop timing, motion magnitude and rates of the main tectonic units; the present geomorphic characteristics of the Pamirs salient(distribution of river systems and glaciers); and the main configuration, advantages and limitations of six geodynamic evolution models of the Pamir salient. We propose three key scientific issues in the study of late Cenozoic tectonic processes in Pamir salient, i.e., precise determination of kinematic characteristics and relationships of different faults; combining deep geological processes with surface responses so as to explore the control of deep geological processes on the formation of Pamir salient; and taking the tectonic processes, climatic characteristics and geomorphic evolution as a coupling system.
Pamir salient is one of the intensest deformation zones caused by India-Eurasia collision, and is an ideal region to study tectonic processes, geomorphic characteristics, climate changes and their interactions. On the basis of previous research results, the Cenozoic tectonic units, geomorphic characteristics and geodynamic evolution models of the Pamir salient are synthesized in this paper, which include the onset and stop timing, motion magnitude and rates of the main tectonic units; the present geomorphic characteristics of the Pamirs salient(distribution of river systems and glaciers); and the main configuration, advantages and limitations of six geodynamic evolution models of the Pamir salient. We propose three key scientific issues in the study of late Cenozoic tectonic processes in Pamir salient, i.e., precise determination of kinematic characteristics and relationships of different faults; combining deep geological processes with surface responses so as to explore the control of deep geological processes on the formation of Pamir salient; and taking the tectonic processes, climatic characteristics and geomorphic evolution as a coupling system.
引文
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