大型溞与富营养化水体中藻类的相互作用研究
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摘要
为研究典型浮游动物大型溞(Daphnia magna)对富营养化水体中藻类的牧食生态关系,选取有毒藻和无毒藻富营养化水体水样,分析测试藻类与大型溞的相互作用。结果表明,有毒藻水样对大型溞的生长繁殖产生极大负面影响,在有毒藻水样原液中大型溞体长最大仅为1.18mm,仅为无毒藻水样对照组大型溞最大体长的52.91%,且最长寿命仅为13d,明显低于对照组的45d。无毒藻水样对照组中大型溞累积产幼量为71个,随着有毒藻浓度的上升大型溞产幼量逐渐下降,在高浓度有毒藻水样下完全丧失繁殖能力。在较低浓度有毒藻水样中,大型溞表现出对有毒藻的抗性,基本能够正常生长繁殖,24h藻类去除率达到45.61%。研究表明在有毒藻浓度较低的条件下,虽然大型溞的生长繁殖受到一定抑制作用,但大型溞还能够维持种群的生存繁衍,对藻类维持足够的摄食压力,可有效控制藻密度。
In order to study the relationship between Daphnia magna and algae in eutrophic water,water samples containing toxic algae and non-toxic algae were selected to analyze the interaction between Daphnia magna and algae.The results showed that toxic algae had significant negative effect on the growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna.The maximum length of Daphnia magnain toxic algae water was only 1.18 mm,which was only 52.91% of the maximum length of Daphnia magna in non-toxic algae water,and the longest life span was only 13 days,significantly lower than 45 days in control group.The cumulative offspring yield of Daphne magna in the control group was 71.With the increase of concentration of toxic algae,the offspring yield gradually decreased,and the reproductive capacity of Daphnia Magna was completely lost in high concentration toxic algae water.In low concentration toxic algae water,Daphnia magna showed resistance to toxic algae,and could basically grow and reproduce normally.The algae removal rate reached 45.61% in 24 hours.The results showed that although the growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna were inhibited under the condition of low toxic algae concentration,Daphnia magna could maintain the survival and reproduction of the population,maintain sufficient feeding pressure on algae,and effectively control the algae density.
In order to study the relationship between Daphnia magna and algae in eutrophic water,water samples containing toxic algae and non-toxic algae were selected to analyze the interaction between Daphnia magna and algae.The results showed that toxic algae had significant negative effect on the growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna.The maximum length of Daphnia magnain toxic algae water was only 1.18 mm,which was only 52.91% of the maximum length of Daphnia magna in non-toxic algae water,and the longest life span was only 13 days,significantly lower than 45 days in control group.The cumulative offspring yield of Daphne magna in the control group was 71.With the increase of concentration of toxic algae,the offspring yield gradually decreased,and the reproductive capacity of Daphnia Magna was completely lost in high concentration toxic algae water.In low concentration toxic algae water,Daphnia magna showed resistance to toxic algae,and could basically grow and reproduce normally.The algae removal rate reached 45.61% in 24 hours.The results showed that although the growth and reproduction of Daphnia magna were inhibited under the condition of low toxic algae concentration,Daphnia magna could maintain the survival and reproduction of the population,maintain sufficient feeding pressure on algae,and effectively control the algae density.
引文
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[20]刘玮,杜蓓蓓,刘钢,等.饥饿时间对大型溞摄食行为的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(6):582-587.
[21]GER K A,URRUTIA CORDERO P,FROST P C,et al.The interaction between cyanobacteria and zooplankton in a more eutrophic world[J].Harmful Algae,2016,54:128-144.
[2]窦勇,霍达,姜智飞,等.海河入海口表层水体浮游生物群落特征及与环境因子的相关性研究[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(4):647-655.
[3]胡笑妍,徐杭英,谢曙光,等.浦阳江流域浮游动物群落结构及其评价水质健康状况的研究[J].环境污染与防治,2017,39(5):549-554.
[4]SARNELLE O.Initial conditions mediate the interaction between Daphnia and bloom-forming cyanobacteria[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2007,52(5):2120-2127.
[5]SOMMER U,SOMMER F.Cladocerans versus copepods:the cause of contrasting top-down controls on freshwater and marine phytoplankton[J].Oecologia,2006,147(2):183-194.
[6]JURAJDA P,ADAMEK Z,JANAC M,et al.Use of multiple fish-removal methods during biomanipulation of a drinking water reservoir-evaluation of the first four years[J].Fisheries Research,2016,173(1):101-108.
[7]OFIR E,HEYMANS J J,SHAPIRO J,et al.Predicting the impact of lake biomanipulation based on food-web modelingLake Kinneret as a case study[J].Ecological Modelling,2017,348:14-24.
[8]黄海塘,雷腊梅,彭亮,等.微囊藻和拟柱孢藻对亚热带大型枝角类拟同形溞(Daphnia similoides)生长与繁殖的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2015,21(2):366-371.
[9]戴曦,陈非洲.太湖群体微囊藻对同形溞(Daphnia similis)生长和繁殖影响的模拟[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(1):149-155.
[10]JIANG X D,YANG W,ZHAO S Y,et al.Maternal effects of inducible tolerance against the toxic cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosain the grazer Daphnia carinata[J].Environmental Pollution,2013,178:142-146.
[11]唐超智,于淼,阮瑞,等.微囊藻毒素对大型溞摄食行为的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(6):181-186.
[12]SCHWARZENBERGER A,SADLER T,VON ELERT E.Effect of nutrient limitation of cyanobacteria on protease inhibitor production and fitness of Daphnia magna[J].The Journal of Experimental Biology,2013,216(19):3649-3655.
[13]史文,刘其根,吴晶,等.不同藻类对大型溞存活和生殖的影响[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(6):1128-1133.
[14]张世羊,成水平,贺锋,等.两种不同株铜绿微囊藻培养液对大型溞的毒性效应研究[J].水生生物学报,2008,32(5):637-642.
[15]徐鑫李,王国祥,李时银.不同藻密度条件下铜绿微囊藻与大型溞的相互影响[J].环境监测管理与技术,2016,28(6):55-59.
[16]李效宇,张进忠.有毒铜绿微囊藻对大型溞生长和繁殖的影响研究[J].水产科学,2006,25(12):632-634.
[17]HOCHMUTH J D,DE SCHAMPHELAERE K A.The effect of temperature on the sensitivity of Daphnia magna to cyanobacteria is genus dependent[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2014,33(10):2333-2343.
[18]HLSMANN S,WEILER W A.Adult,not juvenile mortality as a major reason for the midsummer decline of Daphnia population[J].Journal of Plankton Research,2000,22(1):151-168.
[19]高亚辉,林波.几种因素对太平洋纺锤溞摄食率的影响[J].厦门大学学报(自然科学版),1999,38(5):751-757.
[20]刘玮,杜蓓蓓,刘钢,等.饥饿时间对大型溞摄食行为的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2014,29(6):582-587.
[21]GER K A,URRUTIA CORDERO P,FROST P C,et al.The interaction between cyanobacteria and zooplankton in a more eutrophic world[J].Harmful Algae,2016,54:128-144.